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Gastroenterology140 papers

Gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori

Last edited: 4/9/2026

Overview

Helicobacter pylori is a common infectious disease globally that can lead to dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer 12. Management strategies are evolving due to changing antimicrobial resistance patterns 2.

Diagnosis

  • No specific diagnostic criteria or recommended tests were detailed in the provided abstracts.
  • Management

  • Treatment-Naive Patients:
  • * Bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) for 14 days is preferred when antibiotic susceptibility is unknown 1. * Rifabutin triple therapy or potassium-competitive acid blocker dual therapy for 14 days are suitable empiric alternatives in patients without penicillin allergy 1.
  • Treatment-Experienced Patients:
  • * "Optimized" BQT for 14 days is preferred for those not previously treated with it and when antibiotic susceptibility is unknown 1. * Rifabutin triple therapy for 14 days is a suitable empiric alternative for patients previously treated with optimized BQT 1. * Salvage regimens containing clarithromycin or levofloxacin should only be used if antibiotic susceptibility is confirmed 1.

    Special Populations

  • No specific information was provided for special populations.
  • Key Recommendations

  • For treatment-naive patients with H. pylori infection, bismuth quadruple therapy for 14 days is the preferred regimen when antibiotic susceptibility is unknown 1. (Evidence: Strong)
  • In treatment-experienced patients with persistent H. pylori infection, "optimized" bismuth quadruple therapy for 14 days is preferred for those who have not been treated with optimized BQT previously and for whom antibiotic susceptibility is unknown 1. (Evidence: Strong)
  • Rifabutin triple therapy or potassium-competitive acid blocker dual therapy for 14 days is a suitable empiric alternative in treatment-naive patients without penicillin allergy 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • References

    1 Chey WD, Howden CW, Moss SF, Morgan DR, Greer KB, Grover S et al.. ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. The American journal of gastroenterology 2024. link 2 Katelaris P, Hunt R, Bazzoli F, Cohen H, Fock KM, Gemilyan M et al.. Helicobacter pylori World Gastroenterology Organization Global Guideline. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2023. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
    2. [2]
      ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection.Chey WD, Howden CW, Moss SF, Morgan DR, Greer KB, Grover S et al. The American journal of gastroenterology (2024)
    3. [3]
      Helicobacter pylori World Gastroenterology Organization Global Guideline.Katelaris P, Hunt R, Bazzoli F, Cohen H, Fock KM, Gemilyan M et al. Journal of clinical gastroenterology (2023)
    4. [4]
      A Sour Relationship between BabA and Lewis b.Hatakeyama M Cell host & microbe (2017)
    5. [5]
      H. pylori GPS: Modulating Host Metabolites for Location Sensing.Keilberg D, Ottemann KM Cell host & microbe (2015)
    6. [6]
      Image analysis method to assess adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to gastric epithelium using confocal laser scanning microscopy.Reinhard J, Basset C, Holton J, Binks M, Youinou P, Vaira D Journal of microbiological methods (2000)
    7. [7]
      A rapid and simple method to quantify Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric MKN-28 cells.Hayashi S, Sugiyama T, Yachi A, Yokota K, Hirai Y, Oguma K et al. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (1997)
    8. [8]
      Na+,K(+)-ATPase of gastric cells. A target of Helicobacter pylori cytotoxic activity.Ricci V, Sommi P, Cova E, Fiocca R, Romano M, Ivey KJ et al. FEBS letters (1993)
    9. [9]
      Ultrastructural study of Helicobacter pylori adherence properties in gnotobiotic piglets.Rudmann DG, Eaton KA, Krakowka S Infection and immunity (1992)
    10. [10]
      Helicobacter pylori--some what, why, and how morphologic issues.Riddell RH Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement (1991)

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