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Alcohol dependence in pregnancy — Clinical Guidelines

Overview

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) encompasses a range of adverse outcomes resulting from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy 1 2. Prenatal alcohol exposure is linked to congenital disabilities and can cause significant risks to maternal and fetal health 1 2.

Diagnosis

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a challenge to diagnose 1.

Diagnostic criteria for FASD are discussed within guidelines 1.

Methods for detecting alcohol abuse in pregnant women are available 1.

Management

Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for FASD 1.

Increasing the number of authorized centers for FASD diagnosis is necessary 1.

Treatment and rehabilitation strategies are available for women with known alcohol abuse problems or previous alcohol-exposed pregnancies 2.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy is advised for safety 1. Integrating alcohol screening and brief intervention protocols into routine prenatal care can help identify and support women at risk of alcohol use 2. Public health campaigns and educational initiatives aim to raise awareness about the risks of prenatal alcohol exposure 2.

Key Recommendations

Abstain from alcohol during pregnancy to ensure safety 1. (Evidence: Expert opinion)

Integrate alcohol screening and brief intervention protocols into routine prenatal care to identify and support at-risk women 2. (Evidence: Expert opinion)

Provide targeted support, including treatment and rehabilitation, for pregnant women with a known alcohol abuse problem or previous alcohol-exposed pregnancies 2. (Evidence: Expert opinion)

References

1 Ceccanti M, Coriale G, Fiorentino D, Iannitelli A, Tarani L, Fiore M. Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Rivista di psichiatria 2024. link 2 Fiorentino D, Coriale G, Tarani L, Fiore M, Vitali M, Messina MP et al.. Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: prevention and health promotion. Rivista di psichiatria 2024. link 3 Broccia M, Munch A, Hansen BM, Sørensen KK, Larsen T, Strandberg-Larsen K et al.. Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and overall morbidities: a Danish nationwide cohort study from 1996 to 2018. The Lancet. Public health 2023. link00289-4) 4 Lyall V, Wolfson L, Reid N, Poole N, Moritz KM, Egert S et al.. "The Problem Is that We Hear a Bit of Everything…": A Qualitative Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Alcohol Use, Reduction, and Abstinence in Pregnancy. International journal of environmental research and public health 2021. link

Alcohol dependence in pregnancy