HemoChat is an evidence-based AI medical search tool covering all major clinical domains, powered by 46,298 SNOMED-CT concepts, clinical guidelines, and live PubMed literature.

What medical domains does HemoChat cover?

HemoChat covers all major medical domains including cardiology, oncology, neurology, hematology, pulmonology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, nephrology, rheumatology, musculoskeletal, and more — with 46,298 SNOMED-CT concepts.

Is HemoChat a replacement for clinical judgment?

No. HemoChat is for clinical reference only and is not a substitute for professional medical judgment. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals for medical decisions.

What AI technology does HemoChat use?

HemoChat uses a hybrid GraphRAG + VectorRAG pipeline combining Neo4j knowledge graphs with FAISS vector search and an LLM for answer generation.

← Back to guidelines

Endocrinology1361 papers

Postpartum thyroid disease

Last edited: 21 days ago

Overview

Postpartum thyroid disease encompasses conditions such as postpartum thyroiditis and postpartum hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, often occurring within the first year after delivery due to hormonal and immunological changes.

Diagnosis

Elevated serum thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies 15 61

Abnormal thyroid function tests (elevated TSH or free T4 levels) 15 61

Clinical symptoms such as fatigue, mood changes, and thyroid tenderness 15 61

Ultrasound findings may show transient changes in thyroid structure 22

Management

Postpartum Thyroiditis:

- Observation with regular monitoring of thyroid function tests 15 - Symptomatic treatment with beta-blockers for hyperthyroid symptoms or levothyroxine for hypothyroidism 15

Postpartum Hypothyroidism:

- Levothyroxine replacement therapy, typically starting with doses based on age and severity 15 - Regular follow-up to adjust levothyroxine dose as needed 15

Special Populations

Pregnancy:

- Close monitoring of thyroid function to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes 40 - Management of subclinical hypothyroidism with levothyroxine to maintain euthyroidism 40

Pediatrics:

- Specific considerations for neonatal screening and management post-thyroidectomy 71

Elderly:

- Increased vigilance for hypothyroidism due to higher prevalence of autoimmune disorders 15

Comorbidities:

- Attention to interactions with existing conditions like cardiovascular disease, especially given associations with TPO antibodies 6 14

Key Recommendations

Screening: Routinely screen women with postpartum thyroiditis for TPO antibodies and thyroid function tests within the first postpartum year 15 (Evidence: Strong)

Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Initiate levothyroxine therapy in postpartum hypothyroidism with individualized dosing based on clinical and biochemical parameters 15 (Evidence: Strong)

Monitoring: Regular follow-up with thyroid function tests is essential to adjust levothyroxine dosage and manage symptoms effectively 15 (Evidence: Moderate)

Pregnancy Management: Maintain euthyroidism in pregnant women with thyroid disease using levothyroxine to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes 40 (Evidence: Moderate)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 270 indexed papers.

1 Trout AT, Boike TP, Avram AM, Barry P, Dadparvar S, Duriseti S et al.. ACR-ACNM-ARS-SNMMI-SPR Practice Parameter for Treatment of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Disease With I-131 Sodium Iodide. American journal of clinical oncology 2026. link 2 Gupta M, Desai K, Thanadar R, Kotwal A, Chindris AM. Thyroid: Year-in-Review 2024-2025. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2026. link 3 Reverter JL, Díaz Soto G, Martin T, Gargallo M, Sambo M, Argüelles I. Implementation of cervical ultrasound and related techniques in endocrinology and nutrition services in Spain. ECOSEEN 2025 study. Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion 2026. link 4 Navarro JF, Pérez B, López MA, Pereira S, Ruiz J, Sierra I et al.. MEYER project: Towards a national protocol for in vivo measurement of . Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine 2026. link 5 Maneeprasopchoke P, Chayasitthangkul T, Chongkolwatana C, Chumpathong S, Randolph GW, Russell MD et al.. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring in Resident-Performed Thyroidectomy. The Laryngoscope 2026. link 6 Meneghini V, Tebar WR, Generoso G, Janovsky CC, Lotufo PA, Bittencourt MS et al.. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies and coronary artery calcification: results from the ELSA-Brasil cohort study. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2026. link 7 Zhang X, Zhang GM. Reducing Unnecessary Free Thyroid Hormone Testing. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2025. link 8 Díez JJ, Galofré JC. Management of benign nodular thyroid disease: a nationwide survey of endocrine specialists in Spain. European thyroid journal 2025. link 9 Flamant F. Thyroid Hormone Receptors Approach Their 40th Birthday. Endocrinology 2025. link 10 Piekielko-Witkowska A, Elisei R, Léger J, Bendlova B, Bulanová Pekova B, Caron P et al.. EndoCompass Project: Research Roadmap for Thyroid Endocrinology. Hormone research in paediatrics 2025. link 11 Piekiełko-Witkowska A, Elisei R, Leger J, Bendlová B, Pekova BB, Caron P et al.. EndoCompass project: research roadmap for thyroid endocrinology. European journal of endocrinology 2025. link 12 Shah M, Polónia A, Curado M, Vale J, Janowczyk A, Eloy C. Impact of Tissue Thickness on Computational Quantification of Features in Whole Slide Images for Diagnostic Pathology. Endocrine pathology 2025. link 13 Das S, Nayak SP, Sahoo B, Champati Rai S. GBWOEM: A Gradient-Based Weight Optimization Model for Improved Predictive Accuracy in Healthcare. F1000Research 2025. link 14 Meneghini V, Tebar WR, Santos IS, Janovsky CCPS, Varella AC, Lotufo PA et al.. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies were associated with prevalent carotid intima-media thickness in middle-age and older adults: the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2025. link 15 Mintziori G, Veneti S, Poppe K, Goulis DG, Armeni E, Erel CT et al.. EMAS position statement: Thyroid disease and menopause. Maturitas 2024. link 16 Iamandii I, De Pasquale L, Giannone ME, Veneri F, Generali L, Consolo U et al.. Does fluoride exposure affect thyroid function? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Environmental research 2024. link 17 Brtko J, Podoba J, Macejova D. Selenium - its role in physiology and endocrinology and as organoselenium compounds in oncology: A minireview. Endocrine regulations 2024. link 18 Tikhtman R, Steward DL. Overview of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease: The Otolaryngology Perspective. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2024. link 19 Taydas O, Arik E, Sevinc OF, Kara AB, Ozdemir M, Cengiz H et al.. Current role of interventional radiology in thyroid nodules. Frontiers in endocrinology 2024. link 20 Davis J, Ward EC, Seabrook M, Gundara J, Whitfield BCS. Outcomes of a first point of contact speech language therapy clinic for patients requiring vocal cord check pre and post thyroid/parathyroid surgery. International journal of language & communication disorders 2024. link 21 Campennì A, Avram AM, Verburg FA, Iakovou I, Hänscheid H, de Keizer B et al.. The EANM guideline on radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 2023. link 22 Dolidze D, Shabunin А, Vardanyan A, Melnik K, Covantsev S. Prophylaxis of postoperative hypoparathyroidism in thyroid surgery. Folia medica 2023. link 23 Babić Leko M, Jureško I, Rozić I, Pleić N, Gunjača I, Zemunik T. Vitamin D and the Thyroid: A Critical Review of the Current Evidence. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 24 Wang Y, Sun Y, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. The management and metabolic characterization: hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Neuropeptides 2023. link 25 Wang L, Li B, Zhao H, Wu P, Wu Q, Chen K et al.. A systematic review and meta-analysis of endocrine-related adverse events associated with interferon. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022. link 26 Mauri G, Monfardini L, Lucertini E, Cazzato RL, Pereira P, Orsi F et al.. Present Status of Thyroid Ablation in Europe: An International Survey among the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) Members. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2022. link 27 Qi Y, Chai J, Zhang L, Chen Y. Preoperative vitamin D level is significantly associated with hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2022. link 28 Gfeller M, Colque G, Kopp PA. Iodine content of frequently used prenatal and adult multivitamins in Switzerland. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022. link 29 Wang B, Zhu CR, Liu H, Yao XM, Wu J. The Ability of Near-Infrared Autofluorescence to Protect Parathyroid Gland Function During Thyroid Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in endocrinology 2021. link 30 Lee EK, Park YJ. Best Achievements in Clinical Thyroidology in 2020. Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) 2021. link 31 Galton VA, Larsen PR, Berry MJ. The Deiodinases: Their Identification and Cloning of Their Genes. Endocrinology 2021. link 32 Dora JM, Biscolla RPM, Caldas G, Cerutti J, Graf H, Hoff AO et al.. Choosing Wisely for Thyroid Conditions: Recommendations of the Thyroid Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism 2021. link 33 Ringrose T, Patel J, Amir Ghasemi A. Laryngeal varices: an atypical cause of globus. BMJ case reports 2021. link 34 Burckardt ES, Baird BJ, Van Stan JH, Burns JA. Endoscopic laryngeal findings in patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2021. link 35 Davies L, Chen AY, Givi B, Saunders B, Walker E, Polacco MA et al.. Current Trainee and Workforce Patterns for Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in the United States. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2021. link 36 DeVries G, Rudolph M, Reines HD, Zapanta PE. A Qualitative Study of Developing Competency in Thyroid Surgery: A Resident's Perspective With 5 Year Follow Up. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2021. link 37 Tierney HT, Eldeiry LS, Garber JR, Haddad CA, Varvares MA, Iannuzzi RA et al.. In-Practice Endocrine Surgery Fellowship: A Novel Training Model. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021. link 38 Altobelli GG, Van Noorden S, Cimini D, Illario M, Sorriento D, Cimini V. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases can regulate the TSH expression in the rat pituitary. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2021. link 39 Furukawa T, Otsuki N, Tomotsu M, Tatehara S, Morita N, Kojima Y et al.. Left non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve in a patient with right-sided aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery. Auris, nasus, larynx 2021. link 40 . Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 223. Obstetrics and gynecology 2020. link 41 Cheng SY. The Year in Basic Thyroidology. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 2020. link 42 Busaidy NL. The Year in Medical Thyroidology Review: Current Challenges and Future Directions. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 2020. link 43 Zygmunt A, Dąbrowski J, Lewiński A. Specialist thyroid package 1 (PS1) in outpatient endocrine care [Pakiet specjalistyczny dotyczący tarczycy (PS1) w ambulatoryjnej opiece endokrynologicznej]. Endokrynologia Polska 2020. link 44 Piantanida E, Ippolito S, Gallo D, Masiello E, Premoli P, Cusini C et al.. The interplay between thyroid and liver: implications for clinical practice. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2020. link 45 Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, Grubbs EG, Miller BS, Shen W et al.. Executive Summary of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults. Annals of surgery 2020. link 46 Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, Grubbs EG, Miller BS, Shen W et al.. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults. Annals of surgery 2020. link 47 Cocozza VR, Santamaria JA, Giles GB, Keehn MC, Miller K. Teleophthalmology Prevents Unnecessary Evacuation from Warzone. Military medicine 2020. link 48 Iwata AJ, Chang SS, Ghanem TA, Singer MC. Surgical impact of a dedicated endocrine surgeon on an academic otolaryngology department. The Laryngoscope 2020. link 49 Kandil E, Attia AS, Hadedeya D, Shihabi A, Elnahla A. Robotic Thyroidectomy: Past, Future, and Current Perspectives. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2020. link 50 Watkinson JC. 'From Felix to the helix, and from the cradle to the grave - Semon's contribution to thyroid surgery', Royal Society of Medicine, 1 November 2019, London, UK. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2020. link 51 Savoca E, Torabi SJ, Kasle D, Mets E, Hajek M, Waldman EH. Pediatric thyroidectomies: A surgical subspecialty comparison. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2020. link 52 Dong AC, Stagnaro-Green A. Differences in Diagnostic Criteria Mask the True Prevalence of Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 2019. link 53 Hosoda M, Iwaoka K, Tokonami S, Tamakuma Y, Shiroma Y, Fukuhara T et al.. Comparative Study of Performance using Five Different Gamma-ray Spectrometers for Thyroid Monitoring under Nuclear Emergency Situations. Health physics 2019. link 54 Gartland RM, Bloom JP, Parangi S, Hodin R, DeRoo C, Stephen AE et al.. A Long, Unnerving Road: Malpractice Claims Involving the Surgical Management of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease. World journal of surgery 2019. link 55 Zbären P, Shah JP, Randolph GW, Silver CE, Olsen KD, Shaha AR et al.. Thyroid Surgery: Whose Domain Is It?. Advances in therapy 2019. link 56 Roy S, Prabhu AJ, Abraham DT, Mazhuvanchary Jacob P, Manipadam MT. An Insight into the Utility of Sub-Categorisation of Atypia of Undetermined Significance for Risk Stratification: A Retrospective Study on an Indian Cohort with Histopathological Correlation. Acta cytologica 2019. link 57 Mais DD, Crothers BA, Davey DD, Natale KE, Nayar R, Souers RJ et al.. Trends in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Practices: Results From a College of American Pathologists 2016 Practice Survey. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2019. link 58 Patel A, Lee SY, Stagnaro-Green A, MacKay D, Wong AW, Pearce EN. Iodine Content of the Best-Selling United States Adult and Prenatal Multivitamin Preparations. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 2019. link 59 Khan Bhettani M, Rehman M, Ahmed M, Altaf HN, Choudry UK, Khan KH. Role of pre-operative vitamin D supplementation to reduce post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia; Cohort study. International journal of surgery (London, England) 2019. link 60 Rosenthal MS, Angelos P, Schweppe RE. Research ethics dilemmas in thyroid disease. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity 2018. link 61 Turner TWS. Recognition and management of pediatric thyroid emergencies in the emergency department. Pediatric emergency medicine practice 2018. link 62 Sawka AM, Carty SE, Haugen BR, Hennessey JV, Kopp PA, Pearce EN et al.. American Thyroid Association Guidelines and Statements: Past, Present, and Future. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 2018. link 63 Pietzner M, Kacprowski T, Friedrich N. Empowering thyroid hormone research in human subjects using OMICs technologies. The Journal of endocrinology 2018. link 64 Kim ES, Yoon DY, Oh KW, Lee WY, Yun EJ, Seo YL et al.. The one-hundred most-cited articles focused on thyroid research: a bibliometric analysis. Minerva endocrinologica 2018. link 65 Koren R, Wiener Y, Or K, Benbassat CA, Koren S. Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: A Clinical Survey among Endocrinologists, Gynecologists, and Obstetricians in Israel. The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ 2018. link 66 Kholmatov RM, Khadra HS, Murad F, Ahmed TM, Sholl AB, Kandil E. Does sedation offer better outcomes than local anaesthesia for thyroid FNA in adult patients?. Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology 2018. link 67 Kohnen B, Schürmeyer C, Schürmeyer TH, Kress P. Surgery of benign thyroid disease by ENT/head and neck surgeons and general surgeons: 233 cases of vocal fold paralysis in 3509 patients. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2018. link 68 Hamour AF, Mendez AI, Harris JR, Biron VL, Seikaly H, Côté DWJ. A High-Definition Video Teaching Module for Thyroidectomy Surgery. Journal of surgical education 2018. link 69 Piga I, Casano S, Smith A, Tettamanti S, Leni D, Capitoli G et al.. Update on: proteome analysis in thyroid pathology - part II: overview of technical and clinical enhancement of proteomic investigation of the thyroid lesions. Expert review of proteomics 2018. link 70 Hua X, Diggelmann H, Jalukar V, Turek JW, Pagedar NA. Successful Prediction of a Left Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve in a Patient With Right-Sided Aorta and Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2018. link 71 Neiva J, Fernandes G, Carvalho D, Ferreira B, Duarte R, Araújo R. Thyroid storm and myxoedema: two reversible causes of acute heart failure. Acute medicine 2018. link 72 Martín-Hernández T, Díez Gómez JJ, Díaz-Soto G, Torres Cuadro A, Navarro González E, Oleaga Alday A et al.. Consensus statement for use and technical requirements of thyroid ultrasound in endocrinology units. Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion 2017. link 73 Smith A, Braden L, Wan J, Sebelik M. Association of Otolaryngology Resident Duty Hour Restrictions With Procedure-Specific Outcomes in Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery. JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery 2017. link 74 Padmanabhan V, Marshall CB, Akdas Barkan G, Ghofrani M, Laser A, Tolgay Ocal I et al.. Reproducibility of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance category using the bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytology when reviewing slides from different institutions: A study of interobserver variability among cytopathologists. Diagnostic cytopathology 2017. link 75 Joliat GR, Guarnero V, Demartines N, Schweizer V, Matter M. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroid and parathyroid surgery: Incidence and postoperative evolution assessment. Medicine 2017. link 76 Kim D. The Role of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences 2017. link 77 Shrestha RT, Malabanan A, Haugen BR, Levy EG, Hennessey JV. ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH THYROID HORMONE EXTRACT. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2017. link 78 Ha EJ, Baek JH, Lee JH, Kim JK, Choi YJ, Sung TY et al.. Complications following US-guided core-needle biopsy for thyroid lesions: a retrospective study of 6,169 consecutive patients with 6,687 thyroid nodules. European radiology 2017. link 79 Ahluwalia TS, Troelsen JT, Balslev-Harder M, Bork-Jensen J, Thuesen BH, Cerqueira C et al.. Carriers of a . Journal of medical genetics 2017. link 80 Carral F, Ayala Mdel C, Jiménez AI, García C. Care and economic impact of thyroid ultrasound examination at single visits to endocrinology clinics (the ETIEN 1 study). Endocrinologia y nutricion : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion 2016. link 81 Díaz-Soto G, Torres B, López Gómez JJ, Gómez Hoyos E, Villar A, Romero E et al.. Economic impact of and satisfaction with a high resolution thyroid nodule clinic at the endocrinology department. Endocrinologia y nutricion : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion 2016. link 82 Vicenti G, Moretti L, De Giorgi S, Caruso I, La Malfa M, Carrozzo M et al.. Thyroid and shoulder diseases: the bases of a linked channel. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents 2016. link 83 Parham K, Chapurin N, Schulz K, Shin JJ, Pynnonen MA, Witsell DL et al.. Thyroid Disease and Surgery in CHEER: The Nation's Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Practice-Based Network. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2016. link 84 Klein I, Danzi S. Thyroid Disease and the Heart. Current problems in cardiology 2016. link 85 Silva Nde O, Ronsoni MF, Colombo Bda S, Corrêa CG, Hatanaka SA, Canalli MH et al.. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with thyroid diseases with and without alanine aminotransferase levels above the upper tertile - Cross-sectional analytical study. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism 2016. link 86 Rodilla Fiz AM, Garví López M, Gómez Garrido M, Girón la Casa M. Changes in haemostasis and thrombosis associated with thyroid disease: Presentation of 2 cases. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion 2016. link 87 Watanabe A, Taniguchi M, Kimura Y, Ito S, Hosokawa M, Sasaki S. Efficient, effective, safe procedure to identify nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery. Head & neck 2016. link 88 Accorroni A, Saponaro F, Zucchi R. Tissue thyroid hormones and thyronamines. Heart failure reviews 2016. link 89 Thienpont LM, Faix JD, Beastall G. Standardization of FT4 and harmonization of TSH measurements - a request for input from endocrinologists and other physicians. Endocrine journal 2015. link 90 Muscogiuri G, Tirabassi G, Bizzaro G, Orio F, Paschou SA, Vryonidou A et al.. Vitamin D and thyroid disease: to D or not to D?. European journal of clinical nutrition 2015. link 91 Alfonso B, Jacobson AS, Alon EE, Via MA. Previous gastric bypass surgery complicating total thyroidectomy. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2015. link 92 Sagayaraj A, Deo RP, Merchant S, Mohiyuddin SM, Nayak AC. Medially placed vagus nerve in relation to common carotid artery: a pointer to a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2015. link 93 Verloop H, Dekkers OM, Peeters RP, Schoones JW, Smit JW. Genetics in endocrinology: genetic variation in deiodinases: a systematic review of potential clinical effects in humans. European journal of endocrinology 2014. link 94 Weissel M. Highlights in thyroidology: a historical vignette. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 2014. link 95 VandenBussche CJ, Adams C, Ali SZ, Olson MT. Cytotechnologist performance for detecting nuclear atypia in indeterminate thyroid fine needle aspirates. Acta cytologica 2014. link 96 Lino CA, Shibata CE, Barreto-Chaves ML. Maternal hyperthyroidism alters the pattern of expression of cardiac renin-angiotensin system components in rat offspring. Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS 2014. link 97 Besik J, Szarszoi O, Bartonova A, Netuka I, Maly J, Urban M et al.. Intracardiac ectopic thyroid (struma cordis). Journal of cardiac surgery 2014. link 98 Vargas-Uricoechea H, Sierra-Torres CH. Thyroid hormones and the heart. Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation 2014. link 99 Kloos RT, Sipos JA, Tzagournis M, Miyauchi A, Vaisman M, Benbassat C et al.. Ernest L. Mazzaferri, MD, MACP (1936-2013). Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 2013. link 100 Ho Y, Carr MM, Goldenberg D. Trends in intraoperative neural monitoring for thyroid and parathyroid surgery amongst otolaryngologists and general surgeons. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2013. link

Original source

[1]
ACR-ACNM-ARS-SNMMI-SPR Practice Parameter for Treatment of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Disease With I-131 Sodium Iodide. — Trout AT, Boike TP, Avram AM, Barry P, Dadparvar S, Duriseti S et al. American journal of clinical oncology (2026)
[2]
Thyroid: Year-in-Review 2024-2025. — Gupta M, Desai K, Thanadar R, Kotwal A, Chindris AM Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (2026)
[3]
Implementation of cervical ultrasound and related techniques in endocrinology and nutrition services in Spain. ECOSEEN 2025 study. — Reverter JL, Díaz Soto G, Martin T, Gargallo M, Sambo M, Argüelles I Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion (2026)
[4]
MEYER project: Towards a national protocol for in vivo measurement of — Navarro JF, Pérez B, López MA, Pereira S, Ruiz J, Sierra I et al. Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine (2026)
[5]
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring in Resident-Performed Thyroidectomy. — Maneeprasopchoke P, Chayasitthangkul T, Chongkolwatana C, Chumpathong S, Randolph GW, Russell MD et al. The Laryngoscope (2026)
[6]
Thyroid peroxidase antibodies and coronary artery calcification: results from the ELSA-Brasil cohort study. — Meneghini V, Tebar WR, Generoso G, Janovsky CC, Lotufo PA, Bittencourt MS et al. Journal of endocrinological investigation (2026)
[7]
Reducing Unnecessary Free Thyroid Hormone Testing. — Zhang X, Zhang GM Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2025)
[8]
Management of benign nodular thyroid disease: a nationwide survey of endocrine specialists in Spain. — Díez JJ, Galofré JC European thyroid journal (2025)
[9]
Thyroid Hormone Receptors Approach Their 40th Birthday. — Flamant F Endocrinology (2025)
[10]
EndoCompass Project: Research Roadmap for Thyroid Endocrinology. — Piekielko-Witkowska A, Elisei R, Léger J, Bendlova B, Bulanová Pekova B, Caron P et al. Hormone research in paediatrics (2025)
[11]
EndoCompass project: research roadmap for thyroid endocrinology. — Piekiełko-Witkowska A, Elisei R, Leger J, Bendlová B, Pekova BB, Caron P et al. European journal of endocrinology (2025)
[12]
Impact of Tissue Thickness on Computational Quantification of Features in Whole Slide Images for Diagnostic Pathology. — Shah M, Polónia A, Curado M, Vale J, Janowczyk A, Eloy C Endocrine pathology (2025)
[13]
GBWOEM: A Gradient-Based Weight Optimization Model for Improved Predictive Accuracy in Healthcare. — Das S, Nayak SP, Sahoo B, Champati Rai S F1000Research (2025)
[14]
Thyroid peroxidase antibodies were associated with prevalent carotid intima-media thickness in middle-age and older adults: the ELSA-Brasil cohort. — Meneghini V, Tebar WR, Santos IS, Janovsky CCPS, Varella AC, Lotufo PA et al. Journal of endocrinological investigation (2025)
[15]
EMAS position statement: Thyroid disease and menopause. — Mintziori G, Veneti S, Poppe K, Goulis DG, Armeni E, Erel CT et al. Maturitas (2024)
[16]
Does fluoride exposure affect thyroid function? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. — Iamandii I, De Pasquale L, Giannone ME, Veneri F, Generali L, Consolo U et al. Environmental research (2024)
[17]
Selenium - its role in physiology and endocrinology and as organoselenium compounds in oncology: A minireview. — Brtko J, Podoba J, Macejova D Endocrine regulations (2024)
[18]
Overview of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease: The Otolaryngology Perspective. — Tikhtman R, Steward DL Otolaryngologic clinics of North America (2024)
[19]
Current role of interventional radiology in thyroid nodules. — Taydas O, Arik E, Sevinc OF, Kara AB, Ozdemir M, Cengiz H et al. Frontiers in endocrinology (2024)
[20]
Outcomes of a first point of contact speech language therapy clinic for patients requiring vocal cord check pre and post thyroid/parathyroid surgery. — Davis J, Ward EC, Seabrook M, Gundara J, Whitfield BCS International journal of language & communication disorders (2024)
[21]
The EANM guideline on radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease. — Campennì A, Avram AM, Verburg FA, Iakovou I, Hänscheid H, de Keizer B et al. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging (2023)
[22]
Prophylaxis of postoperative hypoparathyroidism in thyroid surgery. — Dolidze D, Shabunin А, Vardanyan A, Melnik K, Covantsev S Folia medica (2023)
[23]
Vitamin D and the Thyroid: A Critical Review of the Current Evidence. — Babić Leko M, Jureško I, Rozić I, Pleić N, Gunjača I, Zemunik T International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
[24]
The management and metabolic characterization: hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. — Wang Y, Sun Y, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H Neuropeptides (2023)
[25]
A systematic review and meta-analysis of endocrine-related adverse events associated with interferon. — Wang L, Li B, Zhao H, Wu P, Wu Q, Chen K et al. Frontiers in endocrinology (2022)
[26]
Present Status of Thyroid Ablation in Europe: An International Survey among the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) Members. — Mauri G, Monfardini L, Lucertini E, Cazzato RL, Pereira P, Orsi F et al. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology (2022)
[27]
Preoperative vitamin D level is significantly associated with hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. — Qi Y, Chai J, Zhang L, Chen Y BMC musculoskeletal disorders (2022)
[28]
Iodine content of frequently used prenatal and adult multivitamins in Switzerland. — Gfeller M, Colque G, Kopp PA Frontiers in endocrinology (2022)
[29]
The Ability of Near-Infrared Autofluorescence to Protect Parathyroid Gland Function During Thyroid Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. — Wang B, Zhu CR, Liu H, Yao XM, Wu J Frontiers in endocrinology (2021)
[30]
Best Achievements in Clinical Thyroidology in 2020. — Lee EK, Park YJ Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) (2021)
[31]
The Deiodinases: Their Identification and Cloning of Their Genes. — Galton VA, Larsen PR, Berry MJ Endocrinology (2021)
[32]
Choosing Wisely for Thyroid Conditions: Recommendations of the Thyroid Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. — Dora JM, Biscolla RPM, Caldas G, Cerutti J, Graf H, Hoff AO et al. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism (2021)
[33]
Laryngeal varices: an atypical cause of globus. — Ringrose T, Patel J, Amir Ghasemi A BMJ case reports (2021)
[34]
Endoscopic laryngeal findings in patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery. — Burckardt ES, Baird BJ, Van Stan JH, Burns JA The Journal of laryngology and otology (2021)
[35]
Current Trainee and Workforce Patterns for Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in the United States. — Davies L, Chen AY, Givi B, Saunders B, Walker E, Polacco MA et al. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (2021)
[36]
A Qualitative Study of Developing Competency in Thyroid Surgery: A Resident's Perspective With 5 Year Follow Up. — DeVries G, Rudolph M, Reines HD, Zapanta PE The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology (2021)
[37]
In-Practice Endocrine Surgery Fellowship: A Novel Training Model. — Tierney HT, Eldeiry LS, Garber JR, Haddad CA, Varvares MA, Iannuzzi RA et al. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (2021)
[38]
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases can regulate the TSH expression in the rat pituitary. — Altobelli GG, Van Noorden S, Cimini D, Illario M, Sorriento D, Cimini V Journal of endocrinological investigation (2021)
[39]
Left non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve in a patient with right-sided aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery. — Furukawa T, Otsuki N, Tomotsu M, Tatehara S, Morita N, Kojima Y et al. Auris, nasus, larynx (2021)
[40]
Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 223. Obstetrics and gynecology (2020)
[41]
The Year in Basic Thyroidology. — Cheng SY Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association (2020)
[42]
The Year in Medical Thyroidology Review: Current Challenges and Future Directions. — Busaidy NL Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association (2020)
[43]
Specialist thyroid package 1 (PS1) in outpatient endocrine care [Pakiet specjalistyczny dotyczący tarczycy (PS1) w ambulatoryjnej opiece endokrynologicznej]. — Zygmunt A, Dąbrowski J, Lewiński A Endokrynologia Polska (2020)
[44]
The interplay between thyroid and liver: implications for clinical practice. — Piantanida E, Ippolito S, Gallo D, Masiello E, Premoli P, Cusini C et al. Journal of endocrinological investigation (2020)
[45]
Executive Summary of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults. — Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, Grubbs EG, Miller BS, Shen W et al. Annals of surgery (2020)
[46]
The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults. — Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, Grubbs EG, Miller BS, Shen W et al. Annals of surgery (2020)
[47]
Teleophthalmology Prevents Unnecessary Evacuation from Warzone. — Cocozza VR, Santamaria JA, Giles GB, Keehn MC, Miller K Military medicine (2020)
[48]
Surgical impact of a dedicated endocrine surgeon on an academic otolaryngology department. — Iwata AJ, Chang SS, Ghanem TA, Singer MC The Laryngoscope (2020)
[49]
Robotic Thyroidectomy: Past, Future, and Current Perspectives. — Kandil E, Attia AS, Hadedeya D, Shihabi A, Elnahla A Otolaryngologic clinics of North America (2020)
[50]
'From Felix to the helix, and from the cradle to the grave - Semon's contribution to thyroid surgery', Royal Society of Medicine, 1 November 2019, London, UK. — Watkinson JC The Journal of laryngology and otology (2020)
[51]
Pediatric thyroidectomies: A surgical subspecialty comparison. — Savoca E, Torabi SJ, Kasle D, Mets E, Hajek M, Waldman EH International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2020)
[52]
Differences in Diagnostic Criteria Mask the True Prevalence of Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Dong AC, Stagnaro-Green A Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association (2019)
[53]
Comparative Study of Performance using Five Different Gamma-ray Spectrometers for Thyroid Monitoring under Nuclear Emergency Situations. — Hosoda M, Iwaoka K, Tokonami S, Tamakuma Y, Shiroma Y, Fukuhara T et al. Health physics (2019)
[54]
A Long, Unnerving Road: Malpractice Claims Involving the Surgical Management of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease. — Gartland RM, Bloom JP, Parangi S, Hodin R, DeRoo C, Stephen AE et al. World journal of surgery (2019)
[55]
Thyroid Surgery: Whose Domain Is It? — Zbären P, Shah JP, Randolph GW, Silver CE, Olsen KD, Shaha AR et al. Advances in therapy (2019)
[56]
An Insight into the Utility of Sub-Categorisation of Atypia of Undetermined Significance for Risk Stratification: A Retrospective Study on an Indian Cohort with Histopathological Correlation. — Roy S, Prabhu AJ, Abraham DT, Mazhuvanchary Jacob P, Manipadam MT Acta cytologica (2019)
[57]
Trends in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Practices: Results From a College of American Pathologists 2016 Practice Survey. — Mais DD, Crothers BA, Davey DD, Natale KE, Nayar R, Souers RJ et al. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (2019)
[58]
Iodine Content of the Best-Selling United States Adult and Prenatal Multivitamin Preparations. — Patel A, Lee SY, Stagnaro-Green A, MacKay D, Wong AW, Pearce EN Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association (2019)
[59]
Role of pre-operative vitamin D supplementation to reduce post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia; Cohort study. — Khan Bhettani M, Rehman M, Ahmed M, Altaf HN, Choudry UK, Khan KH International journal of surgery (London, England) (2019)
[60]
Research ethics dilemmas in thyroid disease. — Rosenthal MS, Angelos P, Schweppe RE Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity (2018)
[61]
Recognition and management of pediatric thyroid emergencies in the emergency department. — Turner TWS Pediatric emergency medicine practice (2018)
[62]
American Thyroid Association Guidelines and Statements: Past, Present, and Future. — Sawka AM, Carty SE, Haugen BR, Hennessey JV, Kopp PA, Pearce EN et al. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association (2018)
[63]
Empowering thyroid hormone research in human subjects using OMICs technologies. — Pietzner M, Kacprowski T, Friedrich N The Journal of endocrinology (2018)
[64]
The one-hundred most-cited articles focused on thyroid research: a bibliometric analysis. — Kim ES, Yoon DY, Oh KW, Lee WY, Yun EJ, Seo YL et al. Minerva endocrinologica (2018)
[65]
Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: A Clinical Survey among Endocrinologists, Gynecologists, and Obstetricians in Israel. — Koren R, Wiener Y, Or K, Benbassat CA, Koren S The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ (2018)
[66]
Does sedation offer better outcomes than local anaesthesia for thyroid FNA in adult patients? — Kholmatov RM, Khadra HS, Murad F, Ahmed TM, Sholl AB, Kandil E Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology (2018)
[67]
Surgery of benign thyroid disease by ENT/head and neck surgeons and general surgeons: 233 cases of vocal fold paralysis in 3509 patients. — Kohnen B, Schürmeyer C, Schürmeyer TH, Kress P European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2018)
[68]
A High-Definition Video Teaching Module for Thyroidectomy Surgery. — Hamour AF, Mendez AI, Harris JR, Biron VL, Seikaly H, Côté DWJ Journal of surgical education (2018)
[69]
Update on: proteome analysis in thyroid pathology - part II: overview of technical and clinical enhancement of proteomic investigation of the thyroid lesions. — Piga I, Casano S, Smith A, Tettamanti S, Leni D, Capitoli G et al. Expert review of proteomics (2018)
[70]
Successful Prediction of a Left Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve in a Patient With Right-Sided Aorta and Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery. — Hua X, Diggelmann H, Jalukar V, Turek JW, Pagedar NA The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology (2018)
[71]
Thyroid storm and myxoedema: two reversible causes of acute heart failure. — Neiva J, Fernandes G, Carvalho D, Ferreira B, Duarte R, Araújo R Acute medicine (2018)
[72]
Consensus statement for use and technical requirements of thyroid ultrasound in endocrinology units. — Martín-Hernández T, Díez Gómez JJ, Díaz-Soto G, Torres Cuadro A, Navarro González E, Oleaga Alday A et al. Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion (2017)
[73]
Association of Otolaryngology Resident Duty Hour Restrictions With Procedure-Specific Outcomes in Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery. — Smith A, Braden L, Wan J, Sebelik M JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery (2017)
[74]
Reproducibility of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance category using the bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytology when reviewing slides from different institutions: A study of interobserver variability among cytopathologists. — Padmanabhan V, Marshall CB, Akdas Barkan G, Ghofrani M, Laser A, Tolgay Ocal I et al. Diagnostic cytopathology (2017)
[75]
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroid and parathyroid surgery: Incidence and postoperative evolution assessment. — Joliat GR, Guarnero V, Demartines N, Schweizer V, Matter M Medicine (2017)
[76]
The Role of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases. — Kim D International journal of molecular sciences (2017)
[77]
ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH THYROID HORMONE EXTRACT. — Shrestha RT, Malabanan A, Haugen BR, Levy EG, Hennessey JV Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (2017)
[78]
Complications following US-guided core-needle biopsy for thyroid lesions: a retrospective study of 6,169 consecutive patients with 6,687 thyroid nodules. — Ha EJ, Baek JH, Lee JH, Kim JK, Choi YJ, Sung TY et al. European radiology (2017)
[79]
Carriers of a — Ahluwalia TS, Troelsen JT, Balslev-Harder M, Bork-Jensen J, Thuesen BH, Cerqueira C et al. Journal of medical genetics (2017)
[80]
Care and economic impact of thyroid ultrasound examination at single visits to endocrinology clinics (the ETIEN 1 study). — Carral F, Ayala Mdel C, Jiménez AI, García C Endocrinologia y nutricion : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion (2016)
[81]
Economic impact of and satisfaction with a high resolution thyroid nodule clinic at the endocrinology department. — Díaz-Soto G, Torres B, López Gómez JJ, Gómez Hoyos E, Villar A, Romero E et al. Endocrinologia y nutricion : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion (2016)
[82]
Thyroid and shoulder diseases: the bases of a linked channel. — Vicenti G, Moretti L, De Giorgi S, Caruso I, La Malfa M, Carrozzo M et al. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents (2016)
[83]
Thyroid Disease and Surgery in CHEER: The Nation's Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Practice-Based Network. — Parham K, Chapurin N, Schulz K, Shin JJ, Pynnonen MA, Witsell DL et al. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (2016)
[84]
Thyroid Disease and the Heart. — Klein I, Danzi S Current problems in cardiology (2016)
[85]
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with thyroid diseases with and without alanine aminotransferase levels above the upper tertile - Cross-sectional analytical study. — Silva Nde O, Ronsoni MF, Colombo Bda S, Corrêa CG, Hatanaka SA, Canalli MH et al. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism (2016)
[86]
Changes in haemostasis and thrombosis associated with thyroid disease: Presentation of 2 cases. — Rodilla Fiz AM, Garví López M, Gómez Garrido M, Girón la Casa M Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion (2016)
[87]
Efficient, effective, safe procedure to identify nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery. — Watanabe A, Taniguchi M, Kimura Y, Ito S, Hosokawa M, Sasaki S Head & neck (2016)
[88]
Tissue thyroid hormones and thyronamines. — Accorroni A, Saponaro F, Zucchi R Heart failure reviews (2016)
[89]
Standardization of FT4 and harmonization of TSH measurements - a request for input from endocrinologists and other physicians. — Thienpont LM, Faix JD, Beastall G Endocrine journal (2015)
[90]
Vitamin D and thyroid disease: to D or not to D? — Muscogiuri G, Tirabassi G, Bizzaro G, Orio F, Paschou SA, Vryonidou A et al. European journal of clinical nutrition (2015)
[91]
Previous gastric bypass surgery complicating total thyroidectomy. — Alfonso B, Jacobson AS, Alon EE, Via MA Ear, nose, & throat journal (2015)
[92]
Medially placed vagus nerve in relation to common carotid artery: a pointer to a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve. — Sagayaraj A, Deo RP, Merchant S, Mohiyuddin SM, Nayak AC European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2015)
[93]
Genetics in endocrinology: genetic variation in deiodinases: a systematic review of potential clinical effects in humans. — Verloop H, Dekkers OM, Peeters RP, Schoones JW, Smit JW European journal of endocrinology (2014)
[94]
Highlights in thyroidology: a historical vignette. — Weissel M Wiener klinische Wochenschrift (2014)
[95]
Cytotechnologist performance for detecting nuclear atypia in indeterminate thyroid fine needle aspirates. — VandenBussche CJ, Adams C, Ali SZ, Olson MT Acta cytologica (2014)
[96]
Maternal hyperthyroidism alters the pattern of expression of cardiac renin-angiotensin system components in rat offspring. — Lino CA, Shibata CE, Barreto-Chaves ML Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS (2014)
[97]
Intracardiac ectopic thyroid (struma cordis). — Besik J, Szarszoi O, Bartonova A, Netuka I, Maly J, Urban M et al. Journal of cardiac surgery (2014)
[98]
Thyroid hormones and the heart. — Vargas-Uricoechea H, Sierra-Torres CH Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation (2014)
[99]
Ernest L. Mazzaferri, MD, MACP (1936-2013). — Kloos RT, Sipos JA, Tzagournis M, Miyauchi A, Vaisman M, Benbassat C et al. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association (2013)
[100]
Trends in intraoperative neural monitoring for thyroid and parathyroid surgery amongst otolaryngologists and general surgeons. — Ho Y, Carr MM, Goldenberg D European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2013)

Share:Twitter Reddit LinkedIn