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Obstetrics665 papers

Hypothyroidism in childbirth

Last edited: 4/17/2026

Overview

Hypothyroidism in pregnancy, including during childbirth, involves insufficient thyroid hormone production, potentially affecting maternal health and fetal development. Proper management is crucial to prevent complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal morbidity 25 31.

Diagnosis

Clinical symptoms: Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and depression 25.

Laboratory tests: Elevated TSH levels and low free T4 levels 25.

Confirmatory tests: Thyroid autoantibody assessment (e.g., TPO antibodies) to differentiate between primary hypothyroidism and secondary causes 25.

Management

Thyroid Hormone Replacement: Levothyroxine initiation or dose adjustment to maintain TSH within trimester-specific reference ranges 25.

Monitoring: Regular monitoring of TSH and free T4 levels during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester and postpartum 25.

Postpartum Care: Continued monitoring of thyroid function postpartum to adjust levothyroxine dosage as needed 25.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Close monitoring and individualized levothyroxine dosing to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes 25.

Comorbidities: Management considerations for coexisting conditions like anemia or cardiovascular disease, ensuring thyroid hormone levels do not exacerbate these conditions 25.

Key Recommendations

Initiate or adjust levothyroxine therapy to achieve TSH levels within trimester-specific normal ranges during pregnancy (Evidence: Strong 25).

Regularly monitor thyroid function tests (TSH, free T4) throughout pregnancy and postpartum to guide treatment adjustments (Evidence: Strong 25).

Provide individualized care addressing potential comorbidities to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes (Evidence: Moderate 25).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 254 indexed papers.

1 Sinnott C, Campbell KH, Pettker CM. Communication, Teamwork, and Culture: Creating Winning Teams to Support Optimal Childbirth Outcomes. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2026. link 2 Björklund E. Childbirth in Early Swedish Television: From Promotion to Criticism of the Welfare State. The Journal of medical humanities 2026. link 3 Ananthram H, Vangaveti V, Wooley T, Dawes A, Rane A. Normalising Choice: An Observational Study of Australian Clinicians' Perspectives on Written Informed Consent for Vaginal Birth. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 2026. link 4 Selman HŞ, Selman SB, Çoker H, Karabekir N. Integrating Obstetricians into Childbirth Education and Its Association with Reduced Intrapartum Interventions. Maternal and child health journal 2026. link 5 Simon NT, Agarwal T, Lijewski V, Flores K, Anderson J, Smith D et al.. Birth Outcomes for Obstetrician- or Midwife-Led Intrapartum Care. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2026. link 6 Kaur R, Madaan D, Pandher D. Effect of supportive educational intervention on childbirth self-efficacy amongst primipara mothers: A randomized controlled trial. The National medical journal of India 2025. link 7 Wood W, Cossey-Sutton D. High-Tech Obstetrics, Colonialism, and Childbirth Choice in Late Twentieth-Century Canada. Bulletin of the history of medicine 2025. link 8 Viana LR, Rodrigues DP, Alves VH, Vieira BDG, Ferreira EA, Marchiori GRS et al.. The meanings attributed by obstetricians to planned home birth. Revista brasileira de enfermagem 2025. link 9 VanGompel EW, Singh L, Carlock F, Rittenhouse C, Ryckman KK, Radke S. Family Medicine Presence on Labor and Delivery: Effect on Safety Culture and Cesarean Delivery. Annals of family medicine 2024. link 10 Mellor C, Hunter M, Smythe E. How does place impact intrapartum practice for midwives and obstetricians?. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives 2024. link 11 Mattei GN, Lanzoni GMM, Higashi GDC, Schapko TR, Baggio MA. Childbirth care by health professionals: conflicting practices in obstetrics. Revista brasileira de enfermagem 2024. link 12 Lindtveit T, Malin Skeie C, Oommen HL, Eline Ween-Velken M, Sandhaug Nygaard B, Røseth I. Women's experiences with planned singleton upright breech birth - A phenomenological study. Sexual & reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives 2024. link 13 Raoust G, Kajonius P, Hansson S. Personality traits and decision-making styles among obstetricians and gynecologists managing childbirth emergencies. Scientific reports 2023. link 14 Kloester J, Brand G, Willey S. How midwives facilitate informed decisions in the third stage of labour - an exploration through portraiture. Midwifery 2023. link 15 Creswell L, Lindow BJ, Lindow SW, MacIntyre A, O'Gorman N, Hehir M et al.. A retrospective observational study of labour ward work Intensity: The challenge of maternity staffing. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2023. link 16 Rost M, Stuerner Z, Niles P, Arnold L. Between "a lot of room for it" and "it doesn't exist"-Advancing and limiting factors of autonomy in birth as perceived by perinatal care practitioners: An interview study in Switzerland. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2023. link 17 Mannella P, Tognarelli S, Pancetti F, Morchi L, Menciassi A, Simoncini T. The use of a novel sensorized simulation platform for real-time labor progression assessment. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2023. link 18 Uwamahoro V, Semasaka JPS, Ndagijimana A, Humuza J. Perceptions and attitudes of midwives on respectful maternity care during childbirth: a qualitative study in three district hospitals of Kigali City of Rwanda. The Pan African medical journal 2023. link 19 McLean KA, Souter VL, Nethery E. Expanding midwifery care in the United States: Implications for clinical outcomes and cost. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2023. link 20 Shorey S, Jarašiūnaitė-Fedosejeva G, Akik BK, Holopainen A, Isbir GG, Chua JS et al.. Trends and motivations for freebirth: A scoping review. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2023. link 21 Vogels-Broeke M, Cellissen E, Daemers D, Budé L, de Vries R, Nieuwenhuijze M. Women's decision-making autonomy in Dutch maternity care. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2023. link 22 Kuipers YJ, Thomson G, Goberna-Tricas J, Zurera A, Hresanová E, Temesgenová N et al.. The social conception of space of birth narrated by women with negative and traumatic birth experiences. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives 2023. link 23 Bell CH, Muggleton S, Davis DL. Birth plans: A systematic, integrative review into their purpose, process, and impact. Midwifery 2022. link 24 Si KY, Li HT, Zhou YB, Li ZW, Zhang L, Zhang YL et al.. Cesarean delivery on maternal request and common child health outcomes: A prospective cohort study in China. Journal of global health 2022. link 25 Kurz E, Davis D, Browne J. The relationality of maternity care: A diffractive analysis of maternity care experiences. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives 2022. link 26 Kroll C, Murphy J, Poston L, You W, Premkumar A. Cultivating the ideal obstetrical patient: How physicians-in-training describe pain associated with childbirth. Social science & medicine (1982) 2022. link 27 Bobik YY, Korsak VV, Packan IІ. OPTIMIZATION OF THE FREQUENCY AND STRUCTURE OF CESAREAN SECTIONS BASED ON ROBSON'S QUALIFICATION SYSTEM. Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) 2022. link 28 Leite TH, Carvalho TDG, Marques ES, Pereira APE, da Silva AAM, Nakamura-Pereira M et al.. The association between mistreatment of women during childbirth and postnatal maternal and child health care: Findings from "Birth in Brazil". Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives 2022. link 29 van Vulpen M, Heideveld-Gerritsen M, van Dillen J, Oude Maatman S, Ockhuijsen H, van den Hoogen A. First-time fathers' experiences and needs during childbirth: A systematic review. Midwifery 2021. link 30 Odent MRF. Three kinds of caesarean sections: the foetal/neonatal perspective. Journal of perinatal medicine 2021. link 31 González-Mesa E, Jiménez-López J, Blasco-Alonso M, Lubián-López D. Obstetricians' Attitude towards Childbirth. International journal of environmental research and public health 2021. link 32 Wood S, Tang S. Changes in the Frequency of Cesarean Delivery in Nulliparous Women in Labor in a Canadian Population, 1992-2018. Obstetrics and gynecology 2021. link 33 Betti L. Shaping birth: variation in the birth canal and the importance of inclusive obstetric care. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 2021. link 34 Orrantia E, Petrick C. Beliefs and Perspectives of Women and Obstetrical Providers in Northern Ontario on Water Births. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2021. link 35 Jolivet RR, Gausman J, Kapoor N, Langer A, Sharma J, Semrau KEA. Operationalizing respectful maternity care at the healthcare provider level: a systematic scoping review. Reproductive health 2021. link 36 Paull JD, Cooper MG. Charles and Emma Darwin: Under the 'influence' of chloroform anaesthesia. Anaesthesia and intensive care 2021. link 37 Frayne A. From Girlhood to Motherhood: Rituals of Childbirth and Obstetrical Medicine Re-Examined through John Milton. The Journal of medical humanities 2020. link 38 Villarmea S, Kelly B. Barriers to establishing shared decision-making in childbirth: Unveiling epistemic stereotypes about women in labour. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice 2020. link 39 Viola FI, Bonet de Viola AM, Espinoza M. Rationalism and the disembodiment of modern childbirth: the case for an ecology of childbirth. Salud colectiva 2020. link 40 Weldearegay HG, Kahsay AB, Medhanyie AA, Godefay H, Petrucka P. Quality of and barriers to routine childbirth care signal functions in primary level facilities of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Mixed method study. PloS one 2020. link 41 Bailey JM, Zielinski RE, Emeis CL, Kane Low L. A retrospective comparison of waterbirth outcomes in two United States hospital settings. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2020. link 42 Takács L, Mlíková Seidlerová J, Čepický P. Psychosocial risk factors for emergency cesarean section. Ceska gynekologie 2019. link 43 Loke AY, Davies L, Mak YW. Is it the decision of women to choose a cesarean section as the mode of birth? A review of literature on the views of stakeholders. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2019. link 44 Maeda Y, Takahashi K, Yamamoto K, Tanimoto T, Kami M, Crump A. Factors affecting the provision of analgesia during childbirth, Japan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2019. link 45 Mills JR, Huizinga MM, Robinson SB, Lamprecht L, Handler A, Petros M et al.. Draft Opioid-Prescribing Guidelines for Uncomplicated Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Birth. Obstetrics and gynecology 2019. link 46 Ayres LFA, Teixeira LA, Henriques BD, Dias AKG, Amorim WM. Methods of childbirth preparation: a study of printed matter published in Brazil in the mid-twentieth century. Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos 2019. link 47 Schrøder K, Edrees HH, Christensen RD, Jørgensen JS, Lamont RF, Hvidt NC. Second victims in the labor ward: Are Danish midwives and obstetricians getting the support they need?. International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care 2019. link 48 Barros JG, Gomes-da-Costa A, Afonso M, Carita AI, Ayres-de-Campos D, Graça LM et al.. Effect of simulation-based training on the accuracy of fetal head position determination in labor. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2019. link 49 Iobst SE, Breman RB, Bingham D, Storr CL, Zhu S, Johantgen M. Associations among cervical dilatation at admission, intrapartum care, and birth mode in low-risk, nulliparous women. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2019. link 50 Stohl H. Childbirth Is Not a Medical Emergency: Maternal Right to Informed Consent throughout Labor and Delivery. The Journal of legal medicine 2018. link 51 Jolien J, Yves J. Cesarean Section in the Delivery Room: An Exploration of the Viewpoint of Midwives, Anaesthesiologists, and Obstetricians. Journal of pregnancy 2018. link 52 Jepsen I, Juul S, Foureur MJ, Sørensen EE, Nohr EA. Labour outcomes in caseload midwifery and standard care: a register-based cohort study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2018. link 53 Aubrey C, Mumtaz Z, Patterson P, Chari R, Mitchell BFP. Perspectives of Immigrant Women on the Gender of Provider During Childbirth. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2018. link 54 Shakartzi H, Wenren L, Fernandes S, Marino R, Meade M, Pierre-Joseph N et al.. DREAM: Empowering Preclinical Medical Students With Labor Support. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources 2018. link 55 Gomes SC, Teodoro LPP, Pinto AGA, Oliveira DR, Quirino GDS, Pinheiro AKB. Rebirth of childbirth: reflections on medicalization of the Brazilian obstetric care. Revista brasileira de enfermagem 2018. link 56 Thompson SM, Nieuwenhuijze MJ, Budé L, de Vries R, Kane Low L. Creating an Optimality Index - Netherlands: a validation study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2018. link 57 Morano S, Migliorini L, Rania N, Piano L, Tassara T, Nicoletti J et al.. Emotions in labour: Italian obstetricians' experiences of presence during childbirth. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology 2018. link 58 Perdok H, Verhoeven CJ, van Dillen J, Schuitmaker TJ, Hoogendoorn K, Colli J et al.. Continuity of care is an important and distinct aspect of childbirth experience: findings of a survey evaluating experienced continuity of care, experienced quality of care and women's perception of labor. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2018. link 59 Bradfield Z, Duggan R, Hauck Y, Kelly M. Midwives being 'with woman': An integrative review. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives 2018. link 60 Rivo JC, Amyx M, Pingray V, Casale RA, Fiorillo AE, Krupitzki HB et al.. Obstetrical providers' preferred mode of delivery and attitude towards non-medically indicated caesarean sections: a cross-sectional study. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2018. link 61 Nucci M, Nakano AR, Teixeira LA. Synthetic oxytocin and hastening labor: reflections on the synthesis and early use of oxytocin in Brazilian obstetrics. Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos 2018. link 62 Borges MT. A Violent Birth: Reframing Coerced Procedures During Childbirth as Obstetric Violence. Duke law journal 2018. link 63 Diamond-Brown L. "It can be challenging, it can be scary, it can be gratifying": Obstetricians' narratives of negotiating patient choice, clinical experience, and standards of care in decision-making. Social science & medicine (1982) 2018. link 64 Nespoli A, Colciago E, Pedroni S, Perego S, Fumagalli S. The Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R): process of translation and adaptation in an Italian context. Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita 2018. link 65 Zhang M, Wang M, Zhao X, Ren J, Xiang J, Luo B et al.. Risk factors for episiotomy during vaginal childbirth: A retrospective cohort study in Western China. Journal of evidence-based medicine 2018. link 66 Pilkington H, Prunet C, Blondel B, Charreire H, Combier E, Le Vaillant M et al.. Travel Time to Hospital for Childbirth: Comparing Calculated Versus Reported Travel Times in France. Maternal and child health journal 2018. link 67 Vintrová J, Pařízek A. Planned home births in the Czech Republic, 2018. Ceska gynekologie 2018. link 68 White VanGompel E, Main EK, Tancredi D, Melnikow J. Do provider birth attitudes influence cesarean delivery rate: a cross-sectional study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2018. link 69 Larsen AC. Women's Rights in the Health Care System: Caesarean Delivery on Maternal Request. Journal of law and medicine 2018. link 70 Cuerva MJ, Piñel CS, Martin L, Espinosa JA, Corral OJ, Mendoza N. Teaching childbirth with high-fidelity simulation. Is it better observing the scenario during the briefing session?. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2018. link 71 Santos RC, Riesco ML. Implementation of care practices to prevent and repair perineal trauma in childbirth. Revista gaucha de enfermagem 2017. link 72 Al-Gailani S. 'Drawing aside the curtain': natural childbirth on screen in 1950s Britain. British journal for the history of science 2017. link 73 DeBaets AM. From birth plan to birth partnership: enhancing communication in childbirth. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2017. link 74 Javernick JA, Dempsey A. Reducing the Primary Cesarean Birth Rate: A Quality Improvement Project. Journal of midwifery & women's health 2017. link 75 Henderson J, Kurinczuk JJ, Knight M. Resident consultant obstetrician presence on the labour ward versus other models of consultant cover: a systematic review of intrapartum outcomes. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2017. link 76 Walker JJ. Planned home birth. Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology 2017. link 77 Caron SM. "Endeavoring to Carry On Their Work": The National Debate Over Midwives and Its Impact in Rhode Island, 1890-1940. Nursing history review : official journal of the American Association for the History of Nursing 2017. link 78 Gainty C. 'Items for criticism (not in sequence)': Joseph DeLee, Pare Lorentz and The Fight for Life (1940). British journal for the history of science 2017. link 79 Senanayake H, Wijesinghe RD, Nayar KR. Is the policy of allowing a female labor companion feasible in developing countries? Results from a cross sectional study among Sri Lankan practitioners. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2017. link 80 Hogan E, Woods C, Buttrose M, Abenthum L, Cheng HC, de Costa C. The changing birth suite experience for Australian medical students. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 2016. link 81 Roome S, Hartz D, Tracy S, Welsh AW. Why such differing stances? A review of position statements on home birth from professional colleges. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2016. link 82 . Committee Opinion No. 647 Summary: Limitations of Perineal Lacerations as an Obstetric Quality Measure. Obstetrics and gynecology 2016. link 83 Oakley A. The sociology of childbirth: an autobiographical journey through four decades of research. Sociology of health & illness 2016. link 84 Patel SJ, Bogaert K, Gachuno OW, Kibore MW, Unger J, Walker DM. Clinician attendance and delivery practices at hospital-based vaginal deliveries in Western Kenya. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2016. link 85 Leone J, Mostow J, Hackney D, Gokhale P, Janata J, Greenfield M. Obstetrician Attitudes, Experience, and Knowledge of Planned Home Birth: An Exploratory Study. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2016. link 86 Akileswaran CP, Hutchison MS. Making Room at the Table for Obstetrics, Midwifery, and a Culture of Normalcy Within Maternity Care. Obstetrics and gynecology 2016. link 87 Schrøder K, Larsen PV, Jørgensen JS, Hjelmborg JV, Lamont RF, Hvidt NC. Psychosocial health and well-being among obstetricians and midwives involved in traumatic childbirth. Midwifery 2016. link 88 Lim KM, Tong PS, Chong YS. A comparative study between the pioneer cohort of waterbirths and conventional vaginal deliveries in an obstetrician-led unit in Singapore. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology 2016. link 89 Bernitz S, Øian P, Sandvik L, Blix E. Evaluation of satisfaction with care in a midwifery unit and an obstetric unit: a randomized controlled trial of low-risk women. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2016. link 90 Stoll KH, Hauck YL, Hall WA. Home or hospital? Midwife or physician? Preferences for maternity care provider and place of birth among Western Australian students. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives 2016. link 91 Healy S, Humphreys E, Kennedy C. Midwives' and obstetricians' perceptions of risk and its impact on clinical practice and decision-making in labour: An integrative review. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives 2016. link 92 Li YP, Lin SY, Yeh CH, Hsu HC, Yang YL, Lee CN et al.. A proposed mother-friendly childbirth model for Taiwanese women and obstetricians' attitudes toward it. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology 2015. link 93 Nogueira Reis ZS, Gaspar JS, Oliveira IJ, de Souza AC, Maia TA. Standardization of Information about Birth in the Obstetric Discharge Summary. Studies in health technology and informatics 2015. link 94 Feldman DS, Bollman DL, Fridman M, Korst LM, El Haj Ibrahim S, Fink A et al.. Do laborists improve delivery outcomes for laboring women in California community hospitals?. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2015. link 95 . ACOG Committee Opinion No. 647: Limitations of Perineal Lacerations as an Obstetric Quality Measure. Obstetrics and gynecology 2015. link 96 Kabakian-Khasholian T, El-Nemer A, Bashour H. Perceptions about labor companionship at public teaching hospitals in three Arab countries. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2015. link 97 Korst LM, Feldman DS, Bollman DL, Fridman M, El Haj Ibrahim S, Fink A et al.. Variation in childbirth services in California: a cross-sectional survey of childbirth hospitals. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2015. link 98 . ACOG Committee Opinion No. 647 Summary: Limitations of Perineal Lacerations as an Obstetric Quality Measure. Obstetrics and gynecology 2015. link 99 Offerhaus PM, Otten W, Boxem-Tiemessen JC, de Jonge A, van der Pal-de Bruin KM, Scheepers PL et al.. Variation in intrapartum referral rates in primary midwifery care in the Netherlands: a discrete choice experiment. Midwifery 2015. link 100 . Dedicated and passionate. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) 2014. link

Original source

[1]
Communication, Teamwork, and Culture: Creating Winning Teams to Support Optimal Childbirth Outcomes. — Sinnott C, Campbell KH, Pettker CM Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2026)
[2]
Childbirth in Early Swedish Television: From Promotion to Criticism of the Welfare State. — Björklund E The Journal of medical humanities (2026)
[3]
Normalising Choice: An Observational Study of Australian Clinicians' Perspectives on Written Informed Consent for Vaginal Birth. — Ananthram H, Vangaveti V, Wooley T, Dawes A, Rane A The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology (2026)
[4]
Integrating Obstetricians into Childbirth Education and Its Association with Reduced Intrapartum Interventions. — Selman HŞ, Selman SB, Çoker H, Karabekir N Maternal and child health journal (2026)
[5]
Birth Outcomes for Obstetrician- or Midwife-Led Intrapartum Care. — Simon NT, Agarwal T, Lijewski V, Flores K, Anderson J, Smith D et al. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) (2026)
[6]
Effect of supportive educational intervention on childbirth self-efficacy amongst primipara mothers: A randomized controlled trial. — Kaur R, Madaan D, Pandher D The National medical journal of India (2025)
[7]
High-Tech Obstetrics, Colonialism, and Childbirth Choice in Late Twentieth-Century Canada. — Wood W, Cossey-Sutton D Bulletin of the history of medicine (2025)
[8]
The meanings attributed by obstetricians to planned home birth. — Viana LR, Rodrigues DP, Alves VH, Vieira BDG, Ferreira EA, Marchiori GRS et al. Revista brasileira de enfermagem (2025)
[9]
Family Medicine Presence on Labor and Delivery: Effect on Safety Culture and Cesarean Delivery. — VanGompel EW, Singh L, Carlock F, Rittenhouse C, Ryckman KK, Radke S Annals of family medicine (2024)
[10]
How does place impact intrapartum practice for midwives and obstetricians? — Mellor C, Hunter M, Smythe E Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives (2024)
[11]
Childbirth care by health professionals: conflicting practices in obstetrics. — Mattei GN, Lanzoni GMM, Higashi GDC, Schapko TR, Baggio MA Revista brasileira de enfermagem (2024)
[12]
Women's experiences with planned singleton upright breech birth - A phenomenological study. — Lindtveit T, Malin Skeie C, Oommen HL, Eline Ween-Velken M, Sandhaug Nygaard B, Røseth I Sexual & reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives (2024)
[13]
Personality traits and decision-making styles among obstetricians and gynecologists managing childbirth emergencies. — Raoust G, Kajonius P, Hansson S Scientific reports (2023)
[14]
How midwives facilitate informed decisions in the third stage of labour - an exploration through portraiture. — Kloester J, Brand G, Willey S Midwifery (2023)
[15]
A retrospective observational study of labour ward work Intensity: The challenge of maternity staffing. — Creswell L, Lindow BJ, Lindow SW, MacIntyre A, O'Gorman N, Hehir M et al. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology (2023)
[16]
Between "a lot of room for it" and "it doesn't exist"-Advancing and limiting factors of autonomy in birth as perceived by perinatal care practitioners: An interview study in Switzerland. — Rost M, Stuerner Z, Niles P, Arnold L Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) (2023)
[17]
The use of a novel sensorized simulation platform for real-time labor progression assessment. — Mannella P, Tognarelli S, Pancetti F, Morchi L, Menciassi A, Simoncini T International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2023)
[18]
Perceptions and attitudes of midwives on respectful maternity care during childbirth: a qualitative study in three district hospitals of Kigali City of Rwanda. — Uwamahoro V, Semasaka JPS, Ndagijimana A, Humuza J The Pan African medical journal (2023)
[19]
Expanding midwifery care in the United States: Implications for clinical outcomes and cost. — McLean KA, Souter VL, Nethery E Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) (2023)
[20]
Trends and motivations for freebirth: A scoping review. — Shorey S, Jarašiūnaitė-Fedosejeva G, Akik BK, Holopainen A, Isbir GG, Chua JS et al. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) (2023)
[21]
Women's decision-making autonomy in Dutch maternity care. — Vogels-Broeke M, Cellissen E, Daemers D, Budé L, de Vries R, Nieuwenhuijze M Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) (2023)
[22]
The social conception of space of birth narrated by women with negative and traumatic birth experiences. — Kuipers YJ, Thomson G, Goberna-Tricas J, Zurera A, Hresanová E, Temesgenová N et al. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives (2023)
[23]
Birth plans: A systematic, integrative review into their purpose, process, and impact. — Bell CH, Muggleton S, Davis DL Midwifery (2022)
[24]
Cesarean delivery on maternal request and common child health outcomes: A prospective cohort study in China. — Si KY, Li HT, Zhou YB, Li ZW, Zhang L, Zhang YL et al. Journal of global health (2022)
[25]
The relationality of maternity care: A diffractive analysis of maternity care experiences. — Kurz E, Davis D, Browne J Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives (2022)
[26]
Cultivating the ideal obstetrical patient: How physicians-in-training describe pain associated with childbirth. — Kroll C, Murphy J, Poston L, You W, Premkumar A Social science & medicine (1982) (2022)
[27]
OPTIMIZATION OF THE FREQUENCY AND STRUCTURE OF CESAREAN SECTIONS BASED ON ROBSON'S QUALIFICATION SYSTEM. — Bobik YY, Korsak VV, Packan IІ Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) (2022)
[28]
The association between mistreatment of women during childbirth and postnatal maternal and child health care: Findings from "Birth in Brazil". — Leite TH, Carvalho TDG, Marques ES, Pereira APE, da Silva AAM, Nakamura-Pereira M et al. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives (2022)
[29]
First-time fathers' experiences and needs during childbirth: A systematic review. — van Vulpen M, Heideveld-Gerritsen M, van Dillen J, Oude Maatman S, Ockhuijsen H, van den Hoogen A Midwifery (2021)
[30]
Three kinds of caesarean sections: the foetal/neonatal perspective. — Odent MRF Journal of perinatal medicine (2021)
[31]
Obstetricians' Attitude towards Childbirth. — González-Mesa E, Jiménez-López J, Blasco-Alonso M, Lubián-López D International journal of environmental research and public health (2021)
[32]
Changes in the Frequency of Cesarean Delivery in Nulliparous Women in Labor in a Canadian Population, 1992-2018. — Wood S, Tang S Obstetrics and gynecology (2021)
[33]
Shaping birth: variation in the birth canal and the importance of inclusive obstetric care. — Betti L Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences (2021)
[34]
Beliefs and Perspectives of Women and Obstetrical Providers in Northern Ontario on Water Births. — Orrantia E, Petrick C Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC (2021)
[35]
Operationalizing respectful maternity care at the healthcare provider level: a systematic scoping review. — Jolivet RR, Gausman J, Kapoor N, Langer A, Sharma J, Semrau KEA Reproductive health (2021)
[36]
Charles and Emma Darwin: Under the 'influence' of chloroform anaesthesia. — Paull JD, Cooper MG Anaesthesia and intensive care (2021)
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