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Occupational Medicine27 papers

Malocclusion, Angle class II, division 1

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion is characterized by an excessive overjet and an anterior open bite, often accompanied by maxillary protrusion and mandibular retrusion, leading to aesthetic concerns and potential functional issues 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Examination: Assessment of dental arch relationships, overjet, overbite, and facial profile 1.
  • Radiographic Evaluation: Use of panoramic and cephalometric radiographs to evaluate skeletal discrepancies and dental alignment 1.
  • Grading: Utilization of the ANB angle and Wits appraisal for skeletal discrepancies 1.

    • Management

  • Orthodontic Treatment: Comprehensive orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances (e.g., brackets and archwires) to correct malocclusion 1.
  • Functional Appliances: Consideration of functional appliances in growing patients to influence jaw growth and alignment 1.
  • Surgical Intervention: Orthognathic surgery may be required in severe cases to correct skeletal discrepancies 1.

    • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Early intervention with functional appliances can be effective in guiding jaw growth 1.
  • Elderly: Management focuses on functional improvements and aesthetic outcomes, often with a multidisciplinary approach 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Initiate comprehensive orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances as the first-line approach for correcting Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion (Evidence: Strong 1).
  • Consider functional appliances in growing patients to modify jaw relationships and reduce the need for surgery (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Evaluate the necessity of orthognathic surgery based on skeletal discrepancies identified through cephalometric analysis (Evidence: Moderate 1).

    • References

    1 Redmond WH. Marketing fundamentals. Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2001. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Marketing fundamentals. — Redmond WH Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) (2001)
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