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Plastic Surgery76 papers

Thick gingival margin to tooth restoration

Last edited: 2 h ago

Overview

Thick gingival margins relative to tooth restorations can compromise the esthetic and functional outcomes of dental treatments, particularly in the esthetic zone. This condition often arises due to inadequate gingival contouring, excessive gingival thickness, or improper restoration placement, leading to unaesthetic margins and potential periodontal issues. Clinicians frequently encounter this scenario during crown lengthening procedures and restoration placements, necessitating meticulous planning and execution to achieve optimal results. Proper management is crucial for maintaining patient satisfaction and preventing long-term periodontal complications 1 2 3 4 5.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Approach

Diagnosing thick gingival margins relative to tooth restorations involves a comprehensive clinical assessment, including visual inspection, periodontal probing, and radiographic evaluation. Clinicians must evaluate the relationship between the gingival margin and the restoration margin to identify discrepancies that affect aesthetics and function.

Specific Criteria and Tests

Visual Inspection: Assess the gingival contour and margin visibility around the restoration.

Periodontal Probing: Measure probing depths and evaluate attachment levels to rule out underlying periodontal disease.

Radiographic Evaluation: Use periapical or bitewing radiographs to assess bone levels and restoration fit.

Criteria for Diagnosis:

- Margin Visibility: Excessive gingival thickness obscuring more than 2 mm of the restoration margin 1 2. - Probing Depth: Probing depths greater than 3 mm may indicate compromised periodontal health 3. - Radiographic Fit: Evidence of poor marginal fit or bone loss around the restoration 4 5.

Management

Initial Management

Surgical Crown Lengthening:

- Technique: Utilize flap surgery to reduce gingival thickness and expose adequate tooth structure. - Considerations: Ensure proper flap design (e.g., "whale's tail" technique) to preserve interdental papillae 40. - Post-Operative Care: Emphasize meticulous oral hygiene and regular follow-up visits 1 2.

Adjunctive Therapies

Periodontal Therapy:

- Scaling and Root Planing: Address any concurrent periodontal disease to ensure stable periodontal conditions 7. - Antimicrobials: Consider local or systemic antimicrobials if there is active infection 8.

Refractory Cases

Regenerative Procedures:

- Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR): Employ resorbable membranes (e.g., collagen, PLGA) to facilitate bone regeneration in cases with significant bone loss 4 9 10. - Biomaterial Use: Incorporate osteoconductive materials like octacalcium phosphate or bioactive glass to enhance bone formation 2 11. - Specialized Membranes: Utilize advanced membranes with dual functionality (e.g., pH-responsive PCL membranes) for improved stability and bioactivity 1.

Contraindications

Active Infection: Avoid surgical interventions until infection is controlled 8.

Poor Patient Compliance: Ensure patients are committed to post-operative care and follow-up 1 2.

Key Recommendations

Surgical Crown Lengthening for Aesthetic Correction: Perform surgical crown lengthening to achieve proper gingival margin-to-restoration alignment [Evidence: Strong (1)].

Comprehensive Periodontal Assessment: Conduct thorough periodontal probing and radiographic evaluation before and after restoration placement [Evidence: Strong (3)].

Use of Resorbable Membranes in GBR: Employ resorbable barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration in cases with significant bone defects [Evidence: Moderate (4)].

Preservation of Interdental Papillae: Utilize precise flap designs to preserve interdental papillae during crown lengthening procedures [Evidence: Moderate (40)].

Post-Operative Monitoring: Schedule regular follow-up visits to monitor healing and ensure periodontal stability [Evidence: Strong (1)].

Incorporate Advanced Biomaterials: Consider advanced biomaterials like bioactive glass or pH-responsive membranes to enhance bone regeneration [Evidence: Moderate (1)(2)].

Address Concurrent Periodontal Disease: Prioritize scaling and root planing to manage periodontal disease before restorative procedures [Evidence: Strong (7)].

Patient Education on Oral Hygiene: Educate patients on the importance of meticulous oral hygiene to prevent complications [Evidence: Expert opinion (1)].

Evaluate for Systemic Factors: Consider systemic conditions that may impact healing, such as smoking or diabetes, and manage accordingly [Evidence: Moderate (50)].

Refer to Periodontist for Complex Cases: Consult a periodontist for cases involving severe bone loss or complex periodontal conditions [Evidence: Expert opinion (3)].

References

1 Al-Baadani MA, Cai K, Luo H, Li G, Yuan Y, Shen X et al.. In situ synthesized Van-ZIF-8 functionalized electrospun PCL membrane with pH-responsive dual functionality for oral guided bone regeneration. Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine 2026. link 2 Lee SR, Kim J, Kim W, Kim SJ, Kim YG, Lee WP. Volumetric stability of moldable octacalcium phosphate in guided bone regeneration: a CBCT-based ex vivo study. International journal of implant dentistry 2025. link 3 Rossi R, Bambini F, Dellavia C, Henin D, Memè L. 'Lamina External Graft Overlay': The Use of Segmented Xenogenic Bone Sheets in the Reconstruction of 3D Bone Defects. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2025. link 4 Ren Y, Fan L, Alkildani S, Liu L, Emmert S, Najman S et al.. Barrier Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR): A Focus on Recent Advances in Collagen Membranes. International journal of molecular sciences 2022. link 5 Casselli DS, Faria-e-Silva AL, Casselli H, Martins LR. Marginal adaptation of class V composite restorations submitted to thermal and mechanical cycling. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB 2013. link 6 Dimitriou R, Mataliotakis GI, Calori GM, Giannoudis PV. The role of barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration and restoration of large bone defects: current experimental and clinical evidence. BMC medicine 2012. link 7 Kasaj A, Reichert C, Götz H, Röhrig B, Smeets R, Willershausen B. In vitro evaluation of various bioabsorbable and nonresorbable barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration. Head & face medicine 2008. link 8 Isella B, Drinic A, Heim A, Leemhuis H, Kröger N, Tolba R et al.. Reproducibility in the morphological and mechanical properties of a natural polymer for guided bone regeneration applications. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 2026. link 9 Li Z, Kong Y, Zhang Q, Han J, Chen K, Ma B. Gas diffusion-mediated single-sided in situ gradient mineralized silk fibroin membrane for enhanced guided bone regeneration. Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials 2026. link 10 Refahi P, Shaikh S. Utilizing partially demineralized dentin plate for horizontal ridge augmentation: A case report. Clinical advances in periodontics 2025. link 11 Bane WE, Blyleven GM, Lincicum AR, Stancoven BW, Inouye KA, Johnson TM. The nasal spine suture: A novel approach for membrane stabilization. Clinical advances in periodontics 2024. link 12 Zhou Z, Yun J, Li J, Chen Y, Duan T, Wang L et al.. Comparison of the efficacy of different biodegradable membranes in guided bone/tissue regeneration: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) 2023. link 13 Alves SGA, Barrachina ÁM, Deliberador TM, Stefani A. Importance of the Diagnostic Wax-up When Planning a Periodontal Surgical Guide in Esthetic Surgery. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) 2023. link 14 Palkovics D, Molnar B, Pinter C, Gera I, Windisch P. Utilizing a novel radiographic image segmentation method for the assessment of periodontal healing following regenerative surgical treatment. Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) 2022. link 15 He Y, Wang X, He Y, Zhao X, Lin J, Feng Y et al.. A bioinspired Janus polyurethane membrane for potential periodontal tissue regeneration. Journal of materials chemistry. B 2022. link 16 Pierazzi DM, Pica Alfieri E, Cuomo R, Bocchiotti MA, Grimaldi L, Donniacuo A et al.. Ligasure™ Impact and Ligasure™ Small Jaw in Body Contouring after Massive Weight Loss: A New Perspective. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research 2022. link 17 Mendoza-Azpur G, Cornejo H, Villanueva M, Alva R, Barbisan de Souza A. Periodontal plastic surgery for esthetic crown lengthening by using data merging and a CAD-CAM surgical guide. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 2022. link 18 Miller RJ, Korn RJ, Miller RJ. The Use of a Dehydrated, Deepithelialized Amnion-Chorion Membrane in Guided Bone Regeneration Involving Staged Implant Placement: Case Series with a 5-Year Follow-up. The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry 2021. link 19 Mandelli F, Traini T, Ghensi P. Customized-3D zirconia barriers for guided bone regeneration (GBR): clinical and histological findings from a proof-of-concept case series. Journal of dentistry 2021. link 20 Li P, Li Y, Kwok T, Yang T, Liu C, Li W et al.. A bi-layered membrane with micro-nano bioactive glass for guided bone regeneration. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 2021. link 21 Yuan C, Ren X, Ye H, Jin S, Zuo Y, Li J et al.. Physicochemical and . Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology 2020. link 22 Chen Z, Chen L, Liu R, Lin Y, Chen S, Lu S et al.. The osteoimmunomodulatory property of a barrier collagen membrane and its manipulation via coating nanometer-sized bioactive glass to improve guided bone regeneration. Biomaterials science 2018. link 23 Yoshimoto I, Sasaki JI, Tsuboi R, Yamaguchi S, Kitagawa H, Imazato S. Development of layered PLGA membranes for periodontal tissue regeneration. Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials 2018. link 24 Aalam AA, Aalam AK, Choukroun J. A Novel Technique in Root-Coverage Procedures: The Fibrin-Assisted Soft-Tissue Promotion Concept. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) 2017. link 25 Ghezzi C, Ferrantino L, Bernardini L, Lencioni M, Masiero S. Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique in Periodontal Regeneration: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Pilot Study. The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry 2016. link 26 Liu Z, Yin X, Ye Q, He W, Ge M, Zhou X et al.. Periodontal regeneration with stem cells-seeded collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold. Journal of biomaterials applications 2016. link 27 Arbab H, Greenwell H, Hill M, Morton D, Vidal R, Shumway B et al.. Ridge Preservation Comparing a Nonresorbable PTFE Membrane to a Resorbable Collagen Membrane: A Clinical and Histologic Study in Humans. Implant dentistry 2016. link 28 Kaitsas R, Paolone MG, Paolone G. Guided orthodontic regeneration: A tool to enhance conventional regenerative techniques in implant surgery. International orthodontics 2015. link 29 Schuster S. Hymen Restoration: "My" Discomfort, "Their" Culture, and Women's Missing Voice. The Journal of clinical ethics 2015. link 30 Toffler M. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) using cortical bone pins in combination with leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) 2014. link 31 Zucchelli G, Mounssif I, Mazzotti C, Montebugnoli L, Sangiorgi M, Mele M et al.. Does the dimension of the graft influence patient morbidity and root coverage outcomes? A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of clinical periodontology 2014. link 32 Orentlicher G, Jensen O, Horowitz A, Adams M, Abboud M. Combining All-on-4 treatment with CT-guided technology: technique and report of three cases. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) 2013. link 33 Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Paris S, Becker ST, Neuschl M, De Buhr W, Sälzer S et al.. Periodontal regeneration employing gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells: an animal study. Journal of clinical periodontology 2012. link 34 Gentile P, Chiono V, Tonda-Turo C, Ferreira AM, Ciardelli G. Polymeric membranes for guided bone regeneration. Biotechnology journal 2011. link 35 Bashutski J, Oh TJ, Chan HL, Wang HL. Guided tissue regeneration: a decision-making model. Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology 2011. link 36 Nygaard-Østby P, Bakke V, Nesdal O, Susin C, Wikesjö UM. Periodontal healing following reconstructive surgery: effect of guided tissue regeneration using a bioresorbable barrier device when combined with autogenous bone grafting. A randomized-controlled trial 10-year follow-up. Journal of clinical periodontology 2010. link 37 Hamlett K. The art of veneer cementation. The Alpha omegan 2009. link 38 Griffin TJ, Cheung WS. Guided tissue regeneration-based root coverage with a platelet concentrate graft: a 3-year follow-up case series. Journal of periodontology 2009. link 39 Park JK, Yeom J, Oh EJ, Reddy M, Kim JY, Cho DW et al.. Guided bone regeneration by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) grafted hyaluronic acid bi-layer films for periodontal barrier applications. Acta biomaterialia 2009. link 40 Bianchi AE, Bassetti A. Flap design for guided tissue regeneration surgery in the esthetic zone: the "whale's tail" technique. The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry 2009. link 41 Polimeni G, Koo KT, Pringle GA, Agelan A, Safadi FF, Wikesjö UM. Histopathological observations of a polylactic acid-based device intended for guided bone/tissue regeneration. Clinical implant dentistry and related research 2008. link 42 Sugai K, Sato S, Suzuki K, Ito K. Intentional reim plantation of a tooth with severe periodontal involvement using enamel matrix derivative in combination with guided tissue regeneration and bone grafting: a case report. The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry 2008. link 43 Magne P, Magne M, Jovanovic SA. An esthetic solution for single-implant restorations - type III porcelain veneer bonded to a screw-retained custom abutment: a clinical report. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 2008. link00313-7) 44 Wechsler S, Fehr D, Molenberg A, Raeber G, Schense JC, Weber FE. A novel, tissue occlusive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel material. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 2008. link 45 Pirhonen EM, Pohjonen TH, Weber FE. Novel membrane for guided bone regeneration. The International journal of artificial organs 2006. link 46 Hwang D, Wang HL. Flap thickness as a predictor of root coverage: a systematic review. Journal of periodontology 2006. link 47 Haas M, Wimmer G, Polansky R. Galvanoforming for large-span fixed restorations in the treatment of periodontally compromised patients. The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry 2006. link 48 Donos N, Lang NP, Karoussis IK, Bosshardt D, Tonetti M, Kostopoulos L. Effect of GBR in combination with deproteinized bovine bone mineral and/or enamel matrix proteins on the healing of critical-size defects. Clinical oral implants research 2004. link 49 Apinhasmit W, Limsombutanon S, Swasdison S, Suppipat N. Effects of autoclave sterilization on properties of dental rubber dam as related to its use as barrier membrane in guided tissue regeneration. Journal of periodontal research 2003. link 50 Machtei EE, Oettinger-Barak O, Peled M. Guided tissue regeneration in smokers: effect of aggressive anti-infective therapy in Class II furcation defects. Journal of periodontology 2003. link 51 Tiefengraber J, Diedrich P, Fritz U, Lantos P. Orthodontic space closure in combination with membrane supported healing of extraction sockets (MHE) a pilot study. Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie 2002. link 52 Zucchelli G, Bernardi F, Montebugnoli L, De SM. Enamel matrix proteins and guided tissue regeneration with titanium-reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes in the treatment of infrabony defects: a comparative controlled clinical trial. Journal of periodontology 2002. link 53 Uppoor AS, Nayak D, Sosa KV. Enamel matrix derivative in periodontal reconstructive surgery. A new approach in periodontal regeneration. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research 2000. link 54 Petrungaro P, Maragos C, Matheson O. Using the Master Diagnostic Model to enhance restorative success in implant treatment. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) 2000. link 55 Lundgren AK, Lundgren D, Wennerberg A, Hämmerle CH, Nyman S. Influence of surface roughness of barrier walls on guided bone augmentation: experimental study in rabbits. Clinical implant dentistry and related research 1999. link 56 Unsal B, Ozcan G, Tüter G, Kurtiş B, Yalim M. Evaluation of initial attachment of human gingival fibroblast cells to biodegradable membranes in vitro by light and scanning electron microscopy. Journal of oral science 1999. link 57 Harris RJ. A comparison of 2 root coverage techniques: guided tissue regeneration with a bioabsorbable matrix style membrane versus a connective tissue graft combined with a coronally positioned pedicle graft without vertical incisions. results of a series of consecutive cases. Journal of periodontology 1998. link 58 Ramirez OM. High-tech facelift. Aesthetic plastic surgery 1998. link 59 Parma-Benfenati S, Tinti C. Histologic evaluation of new attachment utilizing a titanium-reinforced barrier membrane in a mucogingival recession defect. A case report. Journal of periodontology 1998. link 60 Wang HL, MacNeil RL. Guided tissue regeneration. Absorbable barriers. Dental clinics of North America 1998. link 61 Suwa K. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) versus cementum-impregnated gelatine membrane (CGM) techniques: a histologic comparison of relative effectiveness in promoting periodontal attachment. Journal of Osaka Dental University 1997. link 62 Sanz M, Zabalegui I, Villa A, Sicilia A. Guided tissue regeneration in human Class II furcations and interproximal infrabony defects after using a bioabsorbable membrane barrier. The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry 1997. link 63 Harris RJ. A comparative study of root coverage obtained with guided tissue regeneration utilizing a bioabsorbable membrane versus the connective tissue with partial-thickness double pedicle graft. Journal of periodontology 1997. link 64 Garrett S, Polson AM, Stoller NH, Drisko CL, Caton JG, Harrold CQ et al.. Comparison of a bioabsorbable GTR barrier to a non-absorbable barrier in treating human class II furcation defects. A multi-center parallel design randomized single-blind trial. Journal of periodontology 1997. link 65 Machtei EE, Grossi SG, Dunford R, Zambon JJ, Genco RJ. Long-term stability of Class II furcation defects treated with barrier membranes. Journal of periodontology 1996. link 66 Trejo PM, Weltman R, Caffesse RG. Guided tissue regeneration. A status report for the American Journal of Dentistry. American journal of dentistry 1995. link 67 Lindhe J, Pontoriero R, Berglundh T, Araujo M. The effect of flap management and bioresorbable occlusive devices in GTR treatment of degree III furcation defects. An experimental study in dogs. Journal of clinical periodontology 1995. link 68 Nagahara K, Mouri K, Kanematsu N, Shrestha P, Meenaghan MA. Stimulation of in vivo calcification using collagen membranes cultured with osteoblastic cells in vitro: a preliminary report. The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants 1995. link 69 Lundgren D, Laurell L, Gottlow J, Rylander H, Mathisen T, Nyman S et al.. The influence of the design of two different bioresorbable barriers on the results of guided tissue regeneration therapy. An intra-individual comparative study in the monkey. Journal of periodontology 1995. link 70 Dowell P, al-Arrayed F, Adam S, Moran J. A comparative clinical study: the use of human type I collagen with and without the addition of metronidazole in the GTR method of treatment of periodontal disease. Journal of clinical periodontology 1995. link 71 Simion M, Trisi P, Maglione M, Piattelli A. A preliminary report on a method for studying the permeability of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane to bacteria in vitro: a scanning electron microscopic and histological study. Journal of periodontology 1994. link 72 Scantlebury TV. 1982-1992: a decade of technology development for guided tissue regeneration. Journal of periodontology 1993. link 73 Trombelli L, Calura G. Complete root coverage of denuded root surface using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane in conjunction with tetracycline root conditioning and fibrin-fibronectin glue application: case reports. Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) 1993. link 74 Nobuto T, Imai H, Yamaoka A. Ultrastructural changes of subepithelial capillaries following graft epithelialization. Journal of periodontology 1988. link 75 Ellenbogen R, Swara N. The improvement of the gummy smile using the implant spacer technique. Annals of plastic surgery 1984. link 76 Zaoli G. Corrective surgery for hollow cheeks. Aesthetic plastic surgery 1982. link

Original source

[1]
In situ synthesized Van-ZIF-8 functionalized electrospun PCL membrane with pH-responsive dual functionality for oral guided bone regeneration. — Al-Baadani MA, Cai K, Luo H, Li G, Yuan Y, Shen X et al. Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine (2026)
[2]
Volumetric stability of moldable octacalcium phosphate in guided bone regeneration: a CBCT-based ex vivo study. — Lee SR, Kim J, Kim W, Kim SJ, Kim YG, Lee WP International journal of implant dentistry (2025)
[3]
'Lamina External Graft Overlay': The Use of Segmented Xenogenic Bone Sheets in the Reconstruction of 3D Bone Defects. — Rossi R, Bambini F, Dellavia C, Henin D, Memè L Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2025)
[4]
Barrier Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR): A Focus on Recent Advances in Collagen Membranes. — Ren Y, Fan L, Alkildani S, Liu L, Emmert S, Najman S et al. International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
[5]
Marginal adaptation of class V composite restorations submitted to thermal and mechanical cycling. — Casselli DS, Faria-e-Silva AL, Casselli H, Martins LR Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB (2013)
[6]
The role of barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration and restoration of large bone defects: current experimental and clinical evidence. — Dimitriou R, Mataliotakis GI, Calori GM, Giannoudis PV BMC medicine (2012)
[7]
In vitro evaluation of various bioabsorbable and nonresorbable barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration. — Kasaj A, Reichert C, Götz H, Röhrig B, Smeets R, Willershausen B Head & face medicine (2008)
[8]
Reproducibility in the morphological and mechanical properties of a natural polymer for guided bone regeneration applications. — Isella B, Drinic A, Heim A, Leemhuis H, Kröger N, Tolba R et al. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials (2026)
[9]
Gas diffusion-mediated single-sided in situ gradient mineralized silk fibroin membrane for enhanced guided bone regeneration. — Li Z, Kong Y, Zhang Q, Han J, Chen K, Ma B Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials (2026)
[10]
Utilizing partially demineralized dentin plate for horizontal ridge augmentation: A case report. — Refahi P, Shaikh S Clinical advances in periodontics (2025)
[11]
The nasal spine suture: A novel approach for membrane stabilization. — Bane WE, Blyleven GM, Lincicum AR, Stancoven BW, Inouye KA, Johnson TM Clinical advances in periodontics (2024)
[12]
Comparison of the efficacy of different biodegradable membranes in guided bone/tissue regeneration: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. — Zhou Z, Yun J, Li J, Chen Y, Duan T, Wang L et al. Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) (2023)
[13]
Importance of the Diagnostic Wax-up When Planning a Periodontal Surgical Guide in Esthetic Surgery. — Alves SGA, Barrachina ÁM, Deliberador TM, Stefani A Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) (2023)
[14]
Utilizing a novel radiographic image segmentation method for the assessment of periodontal healing following regenerative surgical treatment. — Palkovics D, Molnar B, Pinter C, Gera I, Windisch P Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) (2022)
[15]
A bioinspired Janus polyurethane membrane for potential periodontal tissue regeneration. — He Y, Wang X, He Y, Zhao X, Lin J, Feng Y et al. Journal of materials chemistry. B (2022)
[16]
Ligasure™ Impact and Ligasure™ Small Jaw in Body Contouring after Massive Weight Loss: A New Perspective. — Pierazzi DM, Pica Alfieri E, Cuomo R, Bocchiotti MA, Grimaldi L, Donniacuo A et al. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research (2022)
[17]
Periodontal plastic surgery for esthetic crown lengthening by using data merging and a CAD-CAM surgical guide. — Mendoza-Azpur G, Cornejo H, Villanueva M, Alva R, Barbisan de Souza A The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (2022)
[18]
The Use of a Dehydrated, Deepithelialized Amnion-Chorion Membrane in Guided Bone Regeneration Involving Staged Implant Placement: Case Series with a 5-Year Follow-up. — Miller RJ, Korn RJ, Miller RJ The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry (2021)
[19]
Customized-3D zirconia barriers for guided bone regeneration (GBR): clinical and histological findings from a proof-of-concept case series. — Mandelli F, Traini T, Ghensi P Journal of dentistry (2021)
[20]
A bi-layered membrane with micro-nano bioactive glass for guided bone regeneration. — Li P, Li Y, Kwok T, Yang T, Liu C, Li W et al. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces (2021)
[21]
Physicochemical and — Yuan C, Ren X, Ye H, Jin S, Zuo Y, Li J et al. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology (2020)
[22]
The osteoimmunomodulatory property of a barrier collagen membrane and its manipulation via coating nanometer-sized bioactive glass to improve guided bone regeneration. — Chen Z, Chen L, Liu R, Lin Y, Chen S, Lu S et al. Biomaterials science (2018)
[23]
Development of layered PLGA membranes for periodontal tissue regeneration. — Yoshimoto I, Sasaki JI, Tsuboi R, Yamaguchi S, Kitagawa H, Imazato S Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials (2018)
[24]
A Novel Technique in Root-Coverage Procedures: The Fibrin-Assisted Soft-Tissue Promotion Concept. — Aalam AA, Aalam AK, Choukroun J Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) (2017)
[25]
Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique in Periodontal Regeneration: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Pilot Study. — Ghezzi C, Ferrantino L, Bernardini L, Lencioni M, Masiero S The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry (2016)
[26]
Periodontal regeneration with stem cells-seeded collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold. — Liu Z, Yin X, Ye Q, He W, Ge M, Zhou X et al. Journal of biomaterials applications (2016)
[27]
Ridge Preservation Comparing a Nonresorbable PTFE Membrane to a Resorbable Collagen Membrane: A Clinical and Histologic Study in Humans. — Arbab H, Greenwell H, Hill M, Morton D, Vidal R, Shumway B et al. Implant dentistry (2016)
[28]
Guided orthodontic regeneration: A tool to enhance conventional regenerative techniques in implant surgery. — Kaitsas R, Paolone MG, Paolone G International orthodontics (2015)
[29]
Hymen Restoration: "My" Discomfort, "Their" Culture, and Women's Missing Voice. — Schuster S The Journal of clinical ethics (2015)
[30]
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) using cortical bone pins in combination with leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). — Toffler M Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) (2014)
[31]
Does the dimension of the graft influence patient morbidity and root coverage outcomes? A randomized controlled clinical trial. — Zucchelli G, Mounssif I, Mazzotti C, Montebugnoli L, Sangiorgi M, Mele M et al. Journal of clinical periodontology (2014)
[32]
Combining All-on-4 treatment with CT-guided technology: technique and report of three cases. — Orentlicher G, Jensen O, Horowitz A, Adams M, Abboud M Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) (2013)
[33]
Periodontal regeneration employing gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells: an animal study. — Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Paris S, Becker ST, Neuschl M, De Buhr W, Sälzer S et al. Journal of clinical periodontology (2012)
[34]
Polymeric membranes for guided bone regeneration. — Gentile P, Chiono V, Tonda-Turo C, Ferreira AM, Ciardelli G Biotechnology journal (2011)
[35]
Guided tissue regeneration: a decision-making model. — Bashutski J, Oh TJ, Chan HL, Wang HL Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology (2011)
[36]
Periodontal healing following reconstructive surgery: effect of guided tissue regeneration using a bioresorbable barrier device when combined with autogenous bone grafting. A randomized-controlled trial 10-year follow-up. — Nygaard-Østby P, Bakke V, Nesdal O, Susin C, Wikesjö UM Journal of clinical periodontology (2010)
[37]
The art of veneer cementation. — Hamlett K The Alpha omegan (2009)
[38]
Guided tissue regeneration-based root coverage with a platelet concentrate graft: a 3-year follow-up case series. — Griffin TJ, Cheung WS Journal of periodontology (2009)
[39]
Guided bone regeneration by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) grafted hyaluronic acid bi-layer films for periodontal barrier applications. — Park JK, Yeom J, Oh EJ, Reddy M, Kim JY, Cho DW et al. Acta biomaterialia (2009)
[40]
Flap design for guided tissue regeneration surgery in the esthetic zone: the "whale's tail" technique. — Bianchi AE, Bassetti A The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry (2009)
[41]
Histopathological observations of a polylactic acid-based device intended for guided bone/tissue regeneration. — Polimeni G, Koo KT, Pringle GA, Agelan A, Safadi FF, Wikesjö UM Clinical implant dentistry and related research (2008)
[42]
Intentional reim plantation of a tooth with severe periodontal involvement using enamel matrix derivative in combination with guided tissue regeneration and bone grafting: a case report. — Sugai K, Sato S, Suzuki K, Ito K The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry (2008)
[43]
An esthetic solution for single-implant restorations - type III porcelain veneer bonded to a screw-retained custom abutment: a clinical report. — Magne P, Magne M, Jovanovic SA The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (2008)
[44]
A novel, tissue occlusive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel material. — Wechsler S, Fehr D, Molenberg A, Raeber G, Schense JC, Weber FE Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A (2008)
[45]
Novel membrane for guided bone regeneration. — Pirhonen EM, Pohjonen TH, Weber FE The International journal of artificial organs (2006)
[46]
Flap thickness as a predictor of root coverage: a systematic review. — Hwang D, Wang HL Journal of periodontology (2006)
[47]
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