← Back to guidelines
Cardiology1104 papers

Essential thrombocythemia

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by sustained elevation of platelet counts, driven primarily by JAK2 V617F, CALR, or MPL mutations 312. It increases the risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic events 812.

Diagnosis

  • Elevated platelet count (≥450 × 10^9/L) 19
  • Absence of other myeloproliferative neoplasms or reactive thrombocytosis 19
  • Presence of JAK2 V617F, CALR, or MPL mutations 312
  • Bone marrow biopsy showing hypercellularity with trilineage proliferation 12
  • WHO 2008/2016 criteria for classification 19
  • Risk stratification using IPSET-thrombosis (thrombotic risk assessment tool) 8
  • Management

  • First-line treatments:
  • - Anagrelide: reduces platelet count 1631 - Hydroxyurea: alternative for platelet reduction 1631
  • Adjunctive treatments:
  • - Aspirin: low-dose for primary thrombosis prevention 3148 - Interferon: for high-risk patients or those intolerant to other therapies 212
  • JAK inhibitors:
  • - Ruxolitinib: for symptomatic splenomegaly or high-risk thrombosis 122

    Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Limited data; close monitoring and individualized management required 212
  • Elderly: Increased risk of complications; tailored risk stratification and treatment 8
  • Comorbidities: Consider thrombotic risk stratification tools like IPSET-thrombosis 8
  • Key Recommendations

  • Use WHO 2008/2016 criteria for diagnosing ET 19 (Evidence: Strong)
  • Employ IPSET-thrombosis for risk stratification to guide treatment intensity 8 (Evidence: Strong)
  • Initiate first-line therapy with anagrelide or hydroxyurea for platelet control 1631 (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Consider low-dose aspirin for primary thrombosis prevention in high-risk patients 3148 (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Evaluate JAK inhibitors like ruxolitinib for symptomatic splenomegaly or high-risk thrombosis 122 (Evidence: Weak)
  • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 523 indexed papers.

    1 Ashida Y, Ota S, Ishidoya N, Murai Y, Amenomori K, Hasui K et al.. Ruxolitinib reverses systemic vasculitis driven by JAK2 V617F-mutated essential thrombocythemia: a case report. Frontiers in immunology 2026. link 2 Li P, Liao B, Yang Z, Zhang J, Chen K, Li Z. Relationship between blood pressure level and activity of renin-aldosterone axis in patients with essential hypertension-a retrospective study. PeerJ 2026. link 3 Liu Z, Xiang Y, Xie C, Yin X, Zhang M, Chen Z. Mechanisms of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis due to essential thrombocythemia: Current status and future perspectives. Thrombosis research 2026. link 4 Demirkıran A, Aydın C, Orta H, Uslu N, Öztürk D, Akpınar S et al.. Subclinical myocardial dysfunction in essential thrombocythemia: role of global longitudinal strain. Expert review of hematology 2026. link 5 Ripamonti A, Cavalca F, Montelisciani L, Antolini L, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Elli EM. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at diagnosis in essential thrombocythemia: A new promising predictor of thrombotic events. Cancer 2025. link 6 Zhang F, Han X, Mu Q, Zailani H, Liu WC, Do QL et al.. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in essential hypertension with secondary insomnia: Implications for Alzheimer's disease risk. Brain, behavior, and immunity 2025. link 7 Nakagami T, Kato Y, Watanabe K, Kimura R, Sato T, Hayashi T et al.. Repeated Ischemic Stroke due to in situ Thrombus at the Middle Cerebral Artery in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2025. link 8 Tosoni L, Liberi M, Morelli G, Zannier ME, Lazzarotto D, Filì C et al.. Correlation between IPSET-t risk at diagnosis and subsequent hemorrhage in patients with essential thrombocythemia; a single institution experience. Annals of hematology 2024. link 9 Abdulla MC. Splanchnic venous thrombosis and recurrent spontaneous abortion due to latent essential thrombocytosis revealed after 20 years: Case report. Indian journal of cancer 2024. link 10 Hada Y, Yamada A, Kobayashi T, Sugiyama T, Ishii K, Takase K et al.. Bilateral Adrenal Infarction That Developed in Latent Essential Thrombocythemia. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2024. link 11 Kato Y, Iijima S, Kohyama S, Maeda T, Sato T, Takahashi S et al.. Recurrent Stroke with Rapid Development of Intracranial Artery Stenosis and Subsequent Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy in Essential Thrombocythemia. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2024. link 12 Babakhanlou R, Masarova L, Verstovsek S. A review of essential thrombocythemia and its complications. Clinical advances in hematology & oncology : H&O 2023. link 13 Furuya C, Hashimoto Y, Morishita S, Inano T, Ochiai T, Shirane S et al.. Reevaluation of cardiovascular risk factors for thrombotic events in 580 Japanese patients with essential thrombocythemia. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 2023. link 14 Wei P, Liu L, Wang X, Zong B, Liu X, Zhang M et al.. Expression of soluble ST2 in patients with essential hypertension and its relationship with left ventricular hypertrophy. ESC heart failure 2023. link 15 Bhardwaj K, Verma N, Trivedi R, Bhardwaj S. Effect of essential fatty acid blend on circadian variations of ambulatory blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and coronary artery disease risk markers. Journal of human hypertension 2022. link 16 Sugawara M, Okada S, Kanda M, Iseki T, Sakaida E, Kobayashi Y. Anagrelide-associated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia: A Case Report and Literature Review. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2022. link 17 Kvernberg J, Grove EL, Ommen HB, Hvas AM. Platelet Function and Turnover in Essential Thrombocythemia: A Systematic Review. Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis 2021. link 18 Carrillo-Villaseñor F, Fowler Z, Moeller E, Roa L, Macias V, Koch R et al.. Access to Essential Surgical Care in Chiapas, Mexico: A System-Wide Geospatial Analysis. World journal of surgery 2021. link 19 Chiatamone Ranieri S, Arleo MA, Trasarti S, Bizzoni L, Carmosino I, De Luca ML et al.. Clinical and Prognostic Features of Essential Thrombocythemia: Comparison of 2001 WHO Versus 2008/2016 WHO Criteria in a Large Single-center Cohort. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 2021. link 20 Deng Y, Huang C, Su J, Pan CW, Ke C. Identification of biomarkers for essential hypertension based on metabolomics. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 2021. link 21 Pérez Encinas MM, Sobas M, Gómez-Casares MT, Abuin Blanco A, Noya Pereira MS, Raya JM et al.. The risk of thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia is associated with the type of CALR mutation: A multicentre collaborative study. European journal of haematology 2021. link 22 Gotic M, Egyed M, Gercheva L, Warzocha K, Kvasnicka HM, Achenbach H et al.. Cardiovascular Safety of Anagrelide Hydrochloride versus Hydroxyurea in Essential Thrombocythaemia. Cardiovascular toxicology 2021. link 23 Shen F, Guo C, Wang Y, Yu F, Zhang D, Liu X et al.. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may increase the detrimental effect of VDR variants on the risk of essential hypertension. European journal of clinical nutrition 2020. link 24 Enomoto M, Kinoshita T, Kondo Y, Suzuki T, Asai T. Cardiac Surgery Using Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in a Case of Essential Thrombocythemia. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia 2020. link 25 Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. The role of autoimmune reactivity induced by heat shock protein 70 in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. British journal of pharmacology 2019. link 26 Xu G, Wang C, Ying X, Kong F, Ji H, Zhao J et al.. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 promoter hypermethylation increases the risk of essential hypertension. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 2019. link 27 Yuzaki M, Honda K, Kaneko M, Nakai T, Kunimoto H, Nishimura Y. Aortic valve replacement with essential thrombocythemia. Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals 2019. link 28 Małecki R, Gacka M, Fiodorenko-Dumas Ż, Dumas I, Kwiatkowski J, Adamiec R et al.. Peripheral circulatory disorders in essential thrombocythemia. Microvascular research 2018. link 29 Chen YY, Zhang P, Zhou XM, Liu D, Zhong JC, Zhang CJ et al.. Relationship between genetic variants of ACE2 gene and circulating levels of ACE2 and its metabolites. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics 2018. link 30 Rendina D, Ippolito R, De Filippo G, Muscariello R, De Palma D, De Bonis S et al.. Risk factors for silent myocardial ischemia in patients with well-controlled essential hypertension. Internal and emergency medicine 2017. link 31 Dombi P, Illés Á, Demeter J, Homor L, Simon Z, Karadi E et al.. Anagrelide reduces thrombotic risk in essential thrombocythaemia vs. hydroxyurea plus aspirin. European journal of haematology 2017. link 32 Falchi L, Bose P, Newberry KJ, Verstovsek S. Approach to patients with essential thrombocythaemia and very high platelet counts: what is the evidence for treatment?. British journal of haematology 2017. link 33 Wang Z, Peng X, Li M, Jin F, Zhang B, Wang H et al.. Is human cytomegalovirus infection associated with essential hypertension? A meta-analysis of 11,878 participants. Journal of medical virology 2016. link 34 Lanzani C, Gatti G, Citterio L, Messaggio E, Delli Carpini S, Simonini M et al.. Lanosterol Synthase Gene Polymorphisms and Changes in Endogenous Ouabain in the Response to Low Sodium Intake. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2016. link 35 Worley B, Glassman SJ. Acral keratoses and leucocytoclastic vasculitis occurring during treatment of essential thrombocythaemia with hydroxyurea. Clinical and experimental dermatology 2016. link 36 Yang M, Zhao J, Xing L, Shi L. The association between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 polymorphisms and essential hypertension risk: A meta-analysis involving 14,122 patients. Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS 2015. link 37 Chow CL, Mutha V, Farouque O. Case report: radial artery occlusion post-radial angiogram in essential thrombocytosis. Heart, lung & circulation 2015. link 38 Zhang SY, Chan SW, Zhou X, Chen XL, Mok DK, Lin ZX et al.. Meta-analysis of association between ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and essential hypertension in Asian populations. Herz 2015. link 39 Patnaik M, Pati P, Swain SN, Mohapatra MK, Dwibedi B, Kar SK et al.. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in the population of Odisha, India. Annals of human biology 2014. link 40 Luo JQ, Wang LY, He FZ, Sun NL, Tang GF, Wen JG et al.. Effect of NR3C2 genetic polymorphisms on the blood pressure response to enalapril treatment. Pharmacogenomics 2014. link 41 Pósfai É, Marton I, Szőke A, Borbényi Z, Vécsei L, Csomor A et al.. Stroke in essential thrombocythemia. Journal of the neurological sciences 2014. link 42 Yang B, Liu X, Li M, Yang Y, Na X, Wang Y. Genetic association of rs1800780 (A→G) polymorphism of the eNOS gene with susceptibility to essential hypertension in a Chinese Han population. Biochemical genetics 2014. link 43 Rumi E, Pietra D, Ferretti V, Klampfl T, Harutyunyan AS, Milosevic JD et al.. JAK2 or CALR mutation status defines subtypes of essential thrombocythemia with substantially different clinical course and outcomes. Blood 2014. link 44 Zhu Q, Guo Z, Hu X, Wu M, Chen Q, Luo W et al.. Haplotype analysis of PPARγ C681G and intron CT variants. Positive association with essential hypertension. Herz 2014. link 45 Esen F, Ata N, Esen H. Comparative study of the upper and lower limb skin blood flow control mechanisms in patients with essential hypertension. Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology 2014. link 46 Hirose M, Tomoda F, Koike T, Yamazaki H, Ohara M, Liu H et al.. Imbalance of renal production between 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in patients with essential hypertension complicated by microalbuminuria. American journal of hypertension 2013. link 47 Wu Y, Yang H, Yang B, Yang K, Xiao C. Association of polymorphisms in prolylcarboxypeptidase and chymase genes with essential hypertension in the Chinese Han population. Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS 2013. link 48 Tefferi A. Overcoming "aspirin resistance" in MPN. Blood 2012. link 49 Lee HS, Park LC, Lee EM, Lee SJ, Shin SH, Im H et al.. Incidence rates and risk factors for vascular events in patients with essential thrombocythemia: a multicenter study from Korea. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 2012. link 50 Hamedian AA, Esteghamati A, Noshad S, Mozafari M, Moin-Tavakkoli H, Nakhjavani M et al.. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +405 C/G polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension in a population from Tehran of Iran. Molecular biology reports 2012. link 51 Oh VM, Chua BM, Heng CK, Yeo SB, Yim OS, Yap EP. Association of intronic single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the EMILIN1 gene with essential hypertension in a Chinese population. Journal of human hypertension 2012. link 52 Xi B, Shen Y, Yan Y, Mi J. Association of polymorphisms in the AGT gene with essential hypertension in the Chinese population. Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS 2012. link 53 Wang Z, Xu Y, Chen S, Wang L, Ding H, Lu G et al.. A common missense single nucleotide polymorphism in the E-selectin gene is significantly associated with essential hypertension in the Han population but only weakly associated in the Uygur population. Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 2012. link 54 Wu C, Ye P, Li S. Circulating immune complexes correlate with collagen carboxypropeptide in patients with essential hypertension. Blood pressure 2012. link 55 Salvi E, Kutalik Z, Glorioso N, Benaglio P, Frau F, Kuznetsova T et al.. Genomewide association study using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array and case-control design identifies a novel essential hypertension susceptibility locus in the promoter region of endothelial NO synthase. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2012. link 56 Christensen KL, Buus NH. Dissociation of blood pressure and resistance artery structure: potential clinical implications. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 2012. link 57 Weston H, Cowell V, Grimmett K, Saal R, Jones M, Mills T et al.. Prognostic utility of spontaneous erythroid colony formation and JAK2 mutational analysis for thrombotic events in essential thrombocythaemia. Internal medicine journal 2011. link 58 Bruno RM, Sudano I, Ghiadoni L, Masi L, Taddei S. Interactions between sympathetic nervous system and endogenous endothelin in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2011. link 59 Richard S, Perrin J, Baillot PA, Lacour JC, Ducrocq X. Ischaemic stroke and essential thrombocythemia: a series of 14 cases. European journal of neurology 2011. link 60 Hernández-Boluda JC, Alvarez-Larrán A, Gómez M, Angona A, Amat P, Bellosillo B et al.. Clinical evaluation of the European LeukaemiaNet criteria for clinicohaematological response and resistance/intolerance to hydroxycarbamide in essential thrombocythaemia. British journal of haematology 2011. link 61 Kushner AL, Cherian MN, Noel L, Spiegel DA, Groth S, Etienne C. Addressing the Millennium Development Goals from a surgical perspective: essential surgery and anesthesia in 8 low- and middle-income countries. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 2010. link 62 De Stefano V, Za T, Rossi E, Vannucchi AM, Ruggeri M, Elli E et al.. Increased risk of recurrent thrombosis in patients with essential thrombocythemia carrying the homozygous JAK2 V617F mutation. Annals of hematology 2010. link 63 Keleş T, Bayram NA, Durmaz T, Bozkurt E. Late stent thrombosis after paclitaxel-eluting stent placement in a patient with essential thrombocytosis. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir 2010. link 64 Mu Y, Qin C, Wang C, Huojiaabudula G. Two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging in evaluation of early changes in left ventricular diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2010. link 65 Sahu BS, Sonawane PJ, Mahapatra NR. Chromogranin A: a novel susceptibility gene for essential hypertension. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2010. link 66 Wang Z, Nakayama T, Sato N, Izumi Y, Kasamaki Y, Ohta M et al.. The purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 2 (P2RY2) gene associated with essential hypertension in Japanese men. Journal of human hypertension 2010. link 67 Naganuma T, Nakayama T, Sato N, Fu Z, Soma M, Yamaguchi M et al.. Haplotype-based case-control study on human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor-1 gene and essential hypertension. American journal of hypertension 2010. link 68 Teofili L, Giona F, Torti L, Cenci T, Ricerca BM, Rumi C et al.. Hereditary thrombocytosis caused by MPLSer505Asn is associated with a high thrombotic risk, splenomegaly and progression to bone marrow fibrosis. Haematologica 2010. link 69 Wang HL, Xu Q, Wang Z, Zhang YH, Si LY, Li XJ et al.. A potential regulatory single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the Klotho gene may be associated with essential hypertension in the Chinese Han population. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 2010. link 70 Davies E, Mackenzie SM, Freel EM, Alvarez-Madrazo S, Fraser R, Connell JM. Altered corticosteroid biosynthesis in essential hypertension: A digenic phenomenon. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2009. link 71 Kayrak M, Acar K, Yazici M, Kaya C, Ayhan SS, Gok H. Pericardial hemorrhage due to acetylsalicylic acid in a patient with essential thrombocythemia. Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 2009. link 72 Moreno-Domínguez A, Cidad P, Miguel-Velado E, López-López JR, Pérez-García MT. De novo expression of Kv6.3 contributes to changes in vascular smooth muscle cell excitability in a hypertensive mice strain. The Journal of physiology 2009. link 73 Stumpf C, Jukic J, Yilmaz A, Raaz D, Schmieder RE, Daniel WG et al.. Elevated VEGF-plasma levels in young patients with mild essential hypertension. European journal of clinical investigation 2009. link 74 Delić-Brkljacić D, Galesić K, Ivanac G, Manola S, Pintarić H, Stambuk K et al.. Influence of ATII blockers and calcium channel blockers on renal vascular resistance in patients with essential hypertension. Collegium antropologicum 2009. link 75 Cho YU, Chi HS, Lee EH, Jang S, Park CJ, Seo EJ. Comparison of clinicopathologic findings according to JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with essential thrombocythemia. International journal of hematology 2009. link 76 Afsar B, Ozdemir NF, Elsurer R, Sezer S. Renal resistive index and nocturnal non-dipping: is there an association in essential hypertension?. International urology and nephrology 2009. link 77 Gangat N, Wolanskyj AP, Schwager SM, Hanson CA, Tefferi A. Leukocytosis at diagnosis and the risk of subsequent thrombosis in patients with low-risk essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Cancer 2009. link 78 Jiang X, Sheng H, Li J, Xun P, Cheng Y, Huang J et al.. Association between renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphism and essential hypertension: a community-based study. Journal of human hypertension 2009. link 79 Hwang J, Lee W. A case of essential thrombocythemia in an 8-year-old boy. Pediatric hematology and oncology 2008. link 80 Wilkins BS, Erber WN, Bareford D, Buck G, Wheatley K, East CL et al.. Bone marrow pathology in essential thrombocythemia: interobserver reliability and utility for identifying disease subtypes. Blood 2008. link 81 Timasheva YR, Nasibullin TR, Zakirova AN, Mustafina OE. Association of interleukin-6, interleukin-12, and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in Tatars from Russia. Biochemical genetics 2008. link 82 Oki M, Moriuchi M, Kawada H, Ogawa Y, Ando K. A case of essential thrombocythemia presenting with aortic thrombosis. The Tokai journal of experimental and clinical medicine 2008. link 83 Perticone F, Maio R, Sciacqua A, Andreozzi F, Iemma G, Perticone M et al.. Endothelial dysfunction and C-reactive protein are risk factors for diabetes in essential hypertension. Diabetes 2008. link 84 Doesch C, Krämer B, Geisler T, May AE, Kroeber SM, Kandolf R et al.. Challenges in the treatment of patients with essential thrombocythemia and acute coronary syndrome. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 2008. link 85 Qin CC, Hui RT, Liu ZH. Aging-related cerebral microvascular degeneration is an important cause of essential hypertension. Medical hypotheses 2008. link 86 Esler M, Eikelis N, Schlaich M, Lambert G, Alvarenga M, Kaye D et al.. Human sympathetic nerve biology: parallel influences of stress and epigenetics in essential hypertension and panic disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2008. link 87 Ilhan N, Kucuksu M, Kaman D, Ilhan N, Ozbay Y. The 677 C/T MTHFR polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension, coronary artery disease, and higher homocysteine levels. Archives of medical research 2008. link 88 Nimbkar NV, Lateef F. Treatment of essential hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with vitamin C. Medical hypotheses 2007. link 89 Carobbio A, Finazzi G, Guerini V, Spinelli O, Delaini F, Marchioli R et al.. Leukocytosis is a risk factor for thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia: interaction with treatment, standard risk factors, and Jak2 mutation status. Blood 2007. link 90 Saigusa T, Kikuchi Y, Yamada M, Imakiire T, Hyodo T, Suzuki S et al.. A case of essential thrombocytosis developing nephrotic syndrome and severe endothelial damage. Journal of nephrology 2006. link 91 Nurkalem Z, Uslu N, Gorgulu S, Eren M. Left main coronary thrombosis with essential thrombocythemia. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 2006. link 92 Lechin F, van der Dijs B. Central nervous system circuitry and peripheral neural sympathetic activity responsible for essential hypertension. Current neurovascular research 2006. link 93 Zavaroni I, Ardigò D, Zuccarelli A, Pacetti E, Piatti PM, Monti L et al.. Insulin resistance/compensatory hyperinsulinemia predict carotid intimal medial thickness in patients with essential hypertension. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 2006. link 94 Michiels JJ, Berneman Z, Schroyens W, Koudstaal PJ, Lindemans J, Neumann HA et al.. Platelet-mediated erythromelalgic, cerebral, ocular and coronary microvascular ischemic and thrombotic manifestations in patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera: a distinct aspirin-responsive and coumadin-resistant arterial thrombophilia. Platelets 2006. link 95 Bidot CJ, Jy W, Horstman LL, Ahn ER, Bidot L, Fontana V et al.. Antiphospholipid antibodies and platelet activation as risk factors for thrombosis in thrombocythaemia. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2005. link 96 Sahin O, Sahin M, Turhan H. Essential thrombocytosis manifested as myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure: two case reports. Acta cardiologica 2005. link 97 Hur JW, Lee YY, Lee WS, Jun JB. Erythromelalgia as a presenting manifestation in a patient with essential thrombocythemia complicating renovascular hypertension due to unilateral renal artery stenosis. Rheumatology international 2005. link 98 Glorioso N, Filigheddu F, Parpaglia PP, Soro A, Troffa C, Argiolas G et al.. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity is associated with left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. European heart journal 2005. link 99 Coffee RE, Nicholas JS, Egan BM, Rumboldt Z, D'Agostino S, Patel SJ. Arterial compression of the retro-olivary sulcus of the medulla in essential hypertension: a multivariate analysis. Journal of hypertension 2005. link 100 Martín DN, Andreu EP, Ramírez Lorca R, García-Junco PS, Vallejo Maroto I, Santos RA et al.. G-protein beta-3 subunit gene C825 T polymorphism: influence on plasma sodium and potassium concentrations in essential hypertensive patients. Life sciences 2005. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Ruxolitinib reverses systemic vasculitis driven by JAK2 V617F-mutated essential thrombocythemia: a case report.Ashida Y, Ota S, Ishidoya N, Murai Y, Amenomori K, Hasui K et al. Frontiers in immunology (2026)
    2. [2]
    3. [3]
    4. [4]
      Subclinical myocardial dysfunction in essential thrombocythemia: role of global longitudinal strain.Demirkıran A, Aydın C, Orta H, Uslu N, Öztürk D, Akpınar S et al. Expert review of hematology (2026)
    5. [5]
      Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at diagnosis in essential thrombocythemia: A new promising predictor of thrombotic events.Ripamonti A, Cavalca F, Montelisciani L, Antolini L, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Elli EM Cancer (2025)
    6. [6]
    7. [7]
      Repeated Ischemic Stroke due to in situ Thrombus at the Middle Cerebral Artery in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia.Nakagami T, Kato Y, Watanabe K, Kimura R, Sato T, Hayashi T et al. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2025)
    8. [8]
      Correlation between IPSET-t risk at diagnosis and subsequent hemorrhage in patients with essential thrombocythemia; a single institution experience.Tosoni L, Liberi M, Morelli G, Zannier ME, Lazzarotto D, Filì C et al. Annals of hematology (2024)
    9. [9]
    10. [10]
      Bilateral Adrenal Infarction That Developed in Latent Essential Thrombocythemia.Hada Y, Yamada A, Kobayashi T, Sugiyama T, Ishii K, Takase K et al. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2024)
    11. [11]
      Recurrent Stroke with Rapid Development of Intracranial Artery Stenosis and Subsequent Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy in Essential Thrombocythemia.Kato Y, Iijima S, Kohyama S, Maeda T, Sato T, Takahashi S et al. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2024)
    12. [12]
      A review of essential thrombocythemia and its complications.Babakhanlou R, Masarova L, Verstovsek S Clinical advances in hematology & oncology : H&O (2023)
    13. [13]
      Reevaluation of cardiovascular risk factors for thrombotic events in 580 Japanese patients with essential thrombocythemia.Furuya C, Hashimoto Y, Morishita S, Inano T, Ochiai T, Shirane S et al. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis (2023)
    14. [14]
      Expression of soluble ST2 in patients with essential hypertension and its relationship with left ventricular hypertrophy.Wei P, Liu L, Wang X, Zong B, Liu X, Zhang M et al. ESC heart failure (2023)
    15. [15]
    16. [16]
      Anagrelide-associated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia: A Case Report and Literature Review.Sugawara M, Okada S, Kanda M, Iseki T, Sakaida E, Kobayashi Y Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2022)
    17. [17]
      Platelet Function and Turnover in Essential Thrombocythemia: A Systematic Review.Kvernberg J, Grove EL, Ommen HB, Hvas AM Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis (2021)
    18. [18]
      Access to Essential Surgical Care in Chiapas, Mexico: A System-Wide Geospatial Analysis.Carrillo-Villaseñor F, Fowler Z, Moeller E, Roa L, Macias V, Koch R et al. World journal of surgery (2021)
    19. [19]
      Clinical and Prognostic Features of Essential Thrombocythemia: Comparison of 2001 WHO Versus 2008/2016 WHO Criteria in a Large Single-center Cohort.Chiatamone Ranieri S, Arleo MA, Trasarti S, Bizzoni L, Carmosino I, De Luca ML et al. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia (2021)
    20. [20]
      Identification of biomarkers for essential hypertension based on metabolomics.Deng Y, Huang C, Su J, Pan CW, Ke C Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD (2021)
    21. [21]
      The risk of thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia is associated with the type of CALR mutation: A multicentre collaborative study.Pérez Encinas MM, Sobas M, Gómez-Casares MT, Abuin Blanco A, Noya Pereira MS, Raya JM et al. European journal of haematology (2021)
    22. [22]
      Cardiovascular Safety of Anagrelide Hydrochloride versus Hydroxyurea in Essential Thrombocythaemia.Gotic M, Egyed M, Gercheva L, Warzocha K, Kvasnicka HM, Achenbach H et al. Cardiovascular toxicology (2021)
    23. [23]
      Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may increase the detrimental effect of VDR variants on the risk of essential hypertension.Shen F, Guo C, Wang Y, Yu F, Zhang D, Liu X et al. European journal of clinical nutrition (2020)
    24. [24]
      Cardiac Surgery Using Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in a Case of Essential Thrombocythemia.Enomoto M, Kinoshita T, Kondo Y, Suzuki T, Asai T Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia (2020)
    25. [25]
      The role of autoimmune reactivity induced by heat shock protein 70 in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ British journal of pharmacology (2019)
    26. [26]
      Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 promoter hypermethylation increases the risk of essential hypertension.Xu G, Wang C, Ying X, Kong F, Ji H, Zhao J et al. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis (2019)
    27. [27]
      Aortic valve replacement with essential thrombocythemia.Yuzaki M, Honda K, Kaneko M, Nakai T, Kunimoto H, Nishimura Y Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals (2019)
    28. [28]
      Peripheral circulatory disorders in essential thrombocythemia.Małecki R, Gacka M, Fiodorenko-Dumas Ż, Dumas I, Kwiatkowski J, Adamiec R et al. Microvascular research (2018)
    29. [29]
      Relationship between genetic variants of ACE2 gene and circulating levels of ACE2 and its metabolites.Chen YY, Zhang P, Zhou XM, Liu D, Zhong JC, Zhang CJ et al. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics (2018)
    30. [30]
      Risk factors for silent myocardial ischemia in patients with well-controlled essential hypertension.Rendina D, Ippolito R, De Filippo G, Muscariello R, De Palma D, De Bonis S et al. Internal and emergency medicine (2017)
    31. [31]
      Anagrelide reduces thrombotic risk in essential thrombocythaemia vs. hydroxyurea plus aspirin.Dombi P, Illés Á, Demeter J, Homor L, Simon Z, Karadi E et al. European journal of haematology (2017)
    32. [32]
      Approach to patients with essential thrombocythaemia and very high platelet counts: what is the evidence for treatment?Falchi L, Bose P, Newberry KJ, Verstovsek S British journal of haematology (2017)
    33. [33]
      Is human cytomegalovirus infection associated with essential hypertension? A meta-analysis of 11,878 participants.Wang Z, Peng X, Li M, Jin F, Zhang B, Wang H et al. Journal of medical virology (2016)
    34. [34]
      Lanosterol Synthase Gene Polymorphisms and Changes in Endogenous Ouabain in the Response to Low Sodium Intake.Lanzani C, Gatti G, Citterio L, Messaggio E, Delli Carpini S, Simonini M et al. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) (2016)
    35. [35]
    36. [36]
      The association between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 polymorphisms and essential hypertension risk: A meta-analysis involving 14,122 patients.Yang M, Zhao J, Xing L, Shi L Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS (2015)
    37. [37]
      Case report: radial artery occlusion post-radial angiogram in essential thrombocytosis.Chow CL, Mutha V, Farouque O Heart, lung & circulation (2015)
    38. [38]
      Meta-analysis of association between ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and essential hypertension in Asian populations.Zhang SY, Chan SW, Zhou X, Chen XL, Mok DK, Lin ZX et al. Herz (2015)
    39. [39]
    40. [40]
      Effect of NR3C2 genetic polymorphisms on the blood pressure response to enalapril treatment.Luo JQ, Wang LY, He FZ, Sun NL, Tang GF, Wen JG et al. Pharmacogenomics (2014)
    41. [41]
      Stroke in essential thrombocythemia.Pósfai É, Marton I, Szőke A, Borbényi Z, Vécsei L, Csomor A et al. Journal of the neurological sciences (2014)
    42. [42]
    43. [43]
      JAK2 or CALR mutation status defines subtypes of essential thrombocythemia with substantially different clinical course and outcomes.Rumi E, Pietra D, Ferretti V, Klampfl T, Harutyunyan AS, Milosevic JD et al. Blood (2014)
    44. [44]
    45. [45]
      Comparative study of the upper and lower limb skin blood flow control mechanisms in patients with essential hypertension.Esen F, Ata N, Esen H Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology (2014)
    46. [46]
      Imbalance of renal production between 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in patients with essential hypertension complicated by microalbuminuria.Hirose M, Tomoda F, Koike T, Yamazaki H, Ohara M, Liu H et al. American journal of hypertension (2013)
    47. [47]
      Association of polymorphisms in prolylcarboxypeptidase and chymase genes with essential hypertension in the Chinese Han population.Wu Y, Yang H, Yang B, Yang K, Xiao C Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS (2013)
    48. [48]
      Overcoming "aspirin resistance" in MPN.Tefferi A Blood (2012)
    49. [49]
      Incidence rates and risk factors for vascular events in patients with essential thrombocythemia: a multicenter study from Korea.Lee HS, Park LC, Lee EM, Lee SJ, Shin SH, Im H et al. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia (2012)
    50. [50]
      Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +405 C/G polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension in a population from Tehran of Iran.Hamedian AA, Esteghamati A, Noshad S, Mozafari M, Moin-Tavakkoli H, Nakhjavani M et al. Molecular biology reports (2012)
    51. [51]
      Association of intronic single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the EMILIN1 gene with essential hypertension in a Chinese population.Oh VM, Chua BM, Heng CK, Yeo SB, Yim OS, Yap EP Journal of human hypertension (2012)
    52. [52]
      Association of polymorphisms in the AGT gene with essential hypertension in the Chinese population.Xi B, Shen Y, Yan Y, Mi J Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS (2012)
    53. [53]
      A common missense single nucleotide polymorphism in the E-selectin gene is significantly associated with essential hypertension in the Han population but only weakly associated in the Uygur population.Wang Z, Xu Y, Chen S, Wang L, Ding H, Lu G et al. Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension (2012)
    54. [54]
    55. [55]
    56. [56]
      Dissociation of blood pressure and resistance artery structure: potential clinical implications.Christensen KL, Buus NH Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology (2012)
    57. [57]
      Prognostic utility of spontaneous erythroid colony formation and JAK2 mutational analysis for thrombotic events in essential thrombocythaemia.Weston H, Cowell V, Grimmett K, Saal R, Jones M, Mills T et al. Internal medicine journal (2011)
    58. [58]
      Interactions between sympathetic nervous system and endogenous endothelin in patients with essential hypertension.Bruno RM, Sudano I, Ghiadoni L, Masi L, Taddei S Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) (2011)
    59. [59]
      Ischaemic stroke and essential thrombocythemia: a series of 14 cases.Richard S, Perrin J, Baillot PA, Lacour JC, Ducrocq X European journal of neurology (2011)
    60. [60]
      Clinical evaluation of the European LeukaemiaNet criteria for clinicohaematological response and resistance/intolerance to hydroxycarbamide in essential thrombocythaemia.Hernández-Boluda JC, Alvarez-Larrán A, Gómez M, Angona A, Amat P, Bellosillo B et al. British journal of haematology (2011)
    61. [61]
      Addressing the Millennium Development Goals from a surgical perspective: essential surgery and anesthesia in 8 low- and middle-income countries.Kushner AL, Cherian MN, Noel L, Spiegel DA, Groth S, Etienne C Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) (2010)
    62. [62]
      Increased risk of recurrent thrombosis in patients with essential thrombocythemia carrying the homozygous JAK2 V617F mutation.De Stefano V, Za T, Rossi E, Vannucchi AM, Ruggeri M, Elli E et al. Annals of hematology (2010)
    63. [63]
      Late stent thrombosis after paclitaxel-eluting stent placement in a patient with essential thrombocytosis.Keleş T, Bayram NA, Durmaz T, Bozkurt E Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir (2010)
    64. [64]
    65. [65]
      Chromogranin A: a novel susceptibility gene for essential hypertension.Sahu BS, Sonawane PJ, Mahapatra NR Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS (2010)
    66. [66]
      The purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 2 (P2RY2) gene associated with essential hypertension in Japanese men.Wang Z, Nakayama T, Sato N, Izumi Y, Kasamaki Y, Ohta M et al. Journal of human hypertension (2010)
    67. [67]
      Haplotype-based case-control study on human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor-1 gene and essential hypertension.Naganuma T, Nakayama T, Sato N, Fu Z, Soma M, Yamaguchi M et al. American journal of hypertension (2010)
    68. [68]
    69. [69]
      A potential regulatory single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the Klotho gene may be associated with essential hypertension in the Chinese Han population.Wang HL, Xu Q, Wang Z, Zhang YH, Si LY, Li XJ et al. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (2010)
    70. [70]
      Altered corticosteroid biosynthesis in essential hypertension: A digenic phenomenon.Davies E, Mackenzie SM, Freel EM, Alvarez-Madrazo S, Fraser R, Connell JM Molecular and cellular endocrinology (2009)
    71. [71]
      Pericardial hemorrhage due to acetylsalicylic acid in a patient with essential thrombocythemia.Kayrak M, Acar K, Yazici M, Kaya C, Ayhan SS, Gok H Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis (2009)
    72. [72]
      De novo expression of Kv6.3 contributes to changes in vascular smooth muscle cell excitability in a hypertensive mice strain.Moreno-Domínguez A, Cidad P, Miguel-Velado E, López-López JR, Pérez-García MT The Journal of physiology (2009)
    73. [73]
      Elevated VEGF-plasma levels in young patients with mild essential hypertension.Stumpf C, Jukic J, Yilmaz A, Raaz D, Schmieder RE, Daniel WG et al. European journal of clinical investigation (2009)
    74. [74]
      Influence of ATII blockers and calcium channel blockers on renal vascular resistance in patients with essential hypertension.Delić-Brkljacić D, Galesić K, Ivanac G, Manola S, Pintarić H, Stambuk K et al. Collegium antropologicum (2009)
    75. [75]
      Comparison of clinicopathologic findings according to JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with essential thrombocythemia.Cho YU, Chi HS, Lee EH, Jang S, Park CJ, Seo EJ International journal of hematology (2009)
    76. [76]
      Renal resistive index and nocturnal non-dipping: is there an association in essential hypertension?Afsar B, Ozdemir NF, Elsurer R, Sezer S International urology and nephrology (2009)
    77. [77]
    78. [78]
      Association between renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphism and essential hypertension: a community-based study.Jiang X, Sheng H, Li J, Xun P, Cheng Y, Huang J et al. Journal of human hypertension (2009)
    79. [79]
      A case of essential thrombocythemia in an 8-year-old boy.Hwang J, Lee W Pediatric hematology and oncology (2008)
    80. [80]
      Bone marrow pathology in essential thrombocythemia: interobserver reliability and utility for identifying disease subtypes.Wilkins BS, Erber WN, Bareford D, Buck G, Wheatley K, East CL et al. Blood (2008)
    81. [81]
    82. [82]
      A case of essential thrombocythemia presenting with aortic thrombosis.Oki M, Moriuchi M, Kawada H, Ogawa Y, Ando K The Tokai journal of experimental and clinical medicine (2008)
    83. [83]
      Endothelial dysfunction and C-reactive protein are risk factors for diabetes in essential hypertension.Perticone F, Maio R, Sciacqua A, Andreozzi F, Iemma G, Perticone M et al. Diabetes (2008)
    84. [84]
      Challenges in the treatment of patients with essential thrombocythemia and acute coronary syndrome.Doesch C, Krämer B, Geisler T, May AE, Kroeber SM, Kandolf R et al. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis (2008)
    85. [85]
    86. [86]
      Human sympathetic nerve biology: parallel influences of stress and epigenetics in essential hypertension and panic disorder.Esler M, Eikelis N, Schlaich M, Lambert G, Alvarenga M, Kaye D et al. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2008)
    87. [87]
    88. [88]
    89. [89]
    90. [90]
      A case of essential thrombocytosis developing nephrotic syndrome and severe endothelial damage.Saigusa T, Kikuchi Y, Yamada M, Imakiire T, Hyodo T, Suzuki S et al. Journal of nephrology (2006)
    91. [91]
      Left main coronary thrombosis with essential thrombocythemia.Nurkalem Z, Uslu N, Gorgulu S, Eren M Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis (2006)
    92. [92]
    93. [93]
      Insulin resistance/compensatory hyperinsulinemia predict carotid intimal medial thickness in patients with essential hypertension.Zavaroni I, Ardigò D, Zuccarelli A, Pacetti E, Piatti PM, Monti L et al. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD (2006)
    94. [94]
    95. [95]
      Antiphospholipid antibodies and platelet activation as risk factors for thrombosis in thrombocythaemia.Bidot CJ, Jy W, Horstman LL, Ahn ER, Bidot L, Fontana V et al. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2005)
    96. [96]
    97. [97]
    98. [98]
      11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity is associated with left ventricular mass in essential hypertension.Glorioso N, Filigheddu F, Parpaglia PP, Soro A, Troffa C, Argiolas G et al. European heart journal (2005)
    99. [99]
      Arterial compression of the retro-olivary sulcus of the medulla in essential hypertension: a multivariate analysis.Coffee RE, Nicholas JS, Egan BM, Rumboldt Z, D'Agostino S, Patel SJ Journal of hypertension (2005)
    100. [100]
      G-protein beta-3 subunit gene C825 T polymorphism: influence on plasma sodium and potassium concentrations in essential hypertensive patients.Martín DN, Andreu EP, Ramírez Lorca R, García-Junco PS, Vallejo Maroto I, Santos RA et al. Life sciences (2005)

    HemoChat

    by SPINAI

    Evidence-based clinical decision support powered by SNOMED-CT, Neo4j GraphRAG, and NASS/AO/NICE guidelines.

    ⚕ For clinical reference only. Not a substitute for professional judgment.

    © 2026 HemoChat. All rights reserved.
    Research·Pricing·Privacy & Terms·Refund·SNOMED-CT · NASS · AO Spine · NICE · GraphRAG