Overview
Nutritional anemia in pregnancy is a condition characterized by a deficiency in essential nutrients required for healthy maternal and fetal development. It can lead to various adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.Diagnosis
Management
Personalized nutrition guidance, incorporating standards from routine protocols, may improve nutritional status and pregnancy outcomes compared to routine guidance alone 2.
Supplementation with Vitamin D may potentially protect against gestational diabetes mellitus and increase infant birth weight 1.
L-Arginine supplementation has shown potential to reduce the development of pre-eclampsia, decrease blood pressure, and improve fetal growth and neonatal outcomes in specific conditions 5.
Olive oil consumption has been associated with a lower prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia, and improved fetal outcomes 6.
Interventions such as education-based strategies, consumption monitoring, SMS reminders, free provision of supplements, and multicomponent interventions may increase adherence to prenatal micronutrient supplementation 7.Special Populations
Pregnancy: Nutritional guidance and supplementation are crucial for meeting the needs of pregnant women and fetuses, improving pregnancy safety, and reducing complications 2.Key Recommendations
Personalized nutrition guidance during pregnancy can improve maternal and fetal nutritional status, reduce adverse birth outcomes, and enhance pregnancy safety 2. (Evidence: Moderate)
Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may offer protection against gestational diabetes mellitus and increase infant birth weight 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
L-Arginine supplementation may be beneficial in reducing pre-eclampsia, lowering blood pressure in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and improving fetal growth and neonatal outcomes 5. (Evidence: Moderate)
Olive oil consumption is associated with a reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and improved fetal outcomes 6. (Evidence: Moderate)
Interventions aimed at improving adherence to prenatal micronutrient supplementation, such as education and reminders, can be effective and may lead to beneficial pregnancy and birth outcomes 7. (Evidence: Moderate)References
1 Yang WC, Chitale R, O'Callaghan KM, Sudfeld CR, Smith ER. The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy on Maternal, Neonatal, and Infant Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews 2025. link
2 Yu M, Chen H, Li N. Influence of nutritional guidance during pregnancy on nutritional status and pregnancy outcome of pregnant women. African journal of reproductive health 2024. link
3 Palacios C, Kostiuk LL, Cuthbert A, Weeks J. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024. link
4 Ibrahim A, Khoo MI, Ismail EHE, Hussain NHN, Zin AAM, Noordin L et al.. Oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnancy: a systematic review. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 2024. link
5 Menichini D, Feliciello L, Neri I, Facchinetti F. L-Arginine supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review of maternal and fetal outcomes. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2023. link
6 Cortez-Ribeiro AC, Meireles M, Ferro-Lebres V, Almeida-de-Souza J. Olive oil consumption confers protective effects on maternal-fetal outcomes: A systematic review of the evidence. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) 2023. link
7 Gomes F, King SE, Dallmann D, Golan J, da Silva ACF, Hurley KM et al.. Interventions to increase adherence to micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy: a systematic review. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2021. link