Overview
Persistent gestational proteinuria is a condition characterized by the presence of protein in the urine during pregnancy. It can be a sign of underlying hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia.Diagnosis
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE), are key considerations when proteinuria is present 1.
Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were found to be significantly higher in women with preeclampsia compared to those without 2.
Soluble tyrosine protein kinase receptor (sTIE2) and soluble c-Met (sMet) were significantly lower in women with preeclampsia 2.Management
No specific management strategies for persistent gestational proteinuria were detailed in the provided abstracts.Special Populations
Prenatal exposure to certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), and perfluoroenanthic acid (PFHpA), has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) 1.Key Recommendations
Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.07-1.94) 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
Prenatal exposure to perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) may be associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.00-1.36) 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
Serum creatine kinase (CK) is significantly higher in women with preeclampsia 2. (Evidence: Moderate)
Soluble tyrosine protein kinase receptor (sTIE2) and soluble c-Met (sMet) are significantly lower in women with preeclampsia 2. (Evidence: Moderate)References
1 Pang L, Li M, Dukureh A, Li Y, Ma J, Tang Q et al.. Association between prenatal perfluorinated compounds exposure and risk of pregnancy complications: A meta-analysis. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2024. link
2 Marrufo-Gallegos KC, Villafán-Bernal JR, Espino-Y-Sosa S, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Martinez-Portilla RJ et al.. Influential Serum Kinases (Non-sFlt-1) and Phosphatases in Preeclampsia-Systemic Review and Metanalysis. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link