Gingival amyloidosis

Overview

Diagnosis

Management

Special Populations

Key Recommendations

References

Showing 100 most recent of 473 indexed papers.

1 Topcu U, Esen BH, Bektas SN, Selçukbiricik F, Kanbay M. AA amyloidosis as an adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: evidence from the FDA adverse event reporting system and a systematic review. Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis 2026. link 2 Ng D, Wu S, Ma H, Lee S, Luna CG, Sanchez J et al.. Echocardiographic Markers of Cardiac Response to Therapy in Patients with Light Chain Amyloidosis. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2026. link 3 Wang WT, Wang JP, Chen JY. Amyloidosis in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and 1-Year Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2026. link 4 Patras R, Georgiopoulos G, Theodorakakou F, Petropoulos I, Delialis D, Angelidakis L et al.. Cold pressor test and paradoxical blood pressure reduction in light chain amyloidosis. Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis 2026. link 5 Briasoulis A, Lama N, Soranidis A, Georgiopoulos G, Patras R, Theodorakakou F et al.. Improvement in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Parameters in Patients With Cardiac Light-Chain Amyloidosis Receiving Anticlonal Cell Therapy. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 2026. link 6 Sonaglioni A, Torretta P, Nicolosi GL, Lombardo M. Left ventricular mechanics assessment in amyloidosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva cardiology and angiology 2026. link 7 Kinoshita M, Takaoka H, Ota J, Ikeda JI, Noguchi Y, Nishikawa Y et al.. Four-dimensional computed tomography is useful for detection of apical sparing of cardiac amyloidosis. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2026. link 8 Kwek XYR, Yan L, Tan WA, Anbalakan K, Tang HC, Khoo CY et al.. Cardiac amyloidosis presenting as right ventricular failure: a case report. QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians 2026. link 9 Morikawa K, Izumiya Y, Takashio S, Kawano Y, Oguni T, Kuyama N et al.. Early experience with daratumumab-containing regimens in patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis. Journal of cardiology 2025. link 10 Zhao M, Calabretta R, Binder P, Yu J, Jiang Z, Nitsche C et al.. Clinical significance of quantitative assessment of right ventricular amyloid burden with . European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 2025. [link 11 Morgan GJ, Nau AN, Wong S, Spencer BH, Shen Y, Hua A et al.. An updated AL-base reveals ranked enrichment of immunoglobulin light chain variable genes in AL amyloidosis. Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis 2025. link 12 Kalfoutzou A, Mylonakis A, Tsantopoulos M, Chaleplidis N, Piperis C, Dimitrakoudi M et al.. Echoes of a hidden killer: a case of oral and cardiac amyloidosis. Folia medica 2025. link 13 Lu X, Fu W, Xie D, Li F, Zhang J, Wang D et al.. Primary Systemic Amyloidosis Characterized by Multiple Keratinous Cysts: A Case Report. Journal of cutaneous pathology 2025. link 14 Li X, Guo Y, Shen K, Huang S, Gao Y, Lin L et al.. Comprehensive prognosis assessment of cardiovascular magnetic resonance parametric mapping in light chain amyloidosis. Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2025. link 15 Shubietah A, Owda D, Rakab MS, Dawoud Y, Khraiwesh A, Elgendy MS et al.. Nationwide patterns of cardiac-related mortality in amyloidosis cases: an epidemiologic study. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2025. link 16 Laires PA, Li X, Uday AM, Quarta CC, Silva AM. Prevalence and incidence of amyloid transthyretin amyloidosis in the USA: insights from claims databases and electronic health records. Open heart 2025. link 17 Augusto SN, Issa R, Vanhentenrijk S, Kaelber D, Tang WHW. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Amyloidosis With or Without Heart Failure. The American journal of medicine 2025. link 18 Cheng R, Kittleson MM, Wechalekar AD, Alvarez-Cardona J, Mitchell JD, Scarlatelli Macedo AV et al.. Moving towards establishing centres of excellence in cardiac amyloidosis: an International Cardio-Oncology Society statement. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2024. link 19 Charalampous C, Dasari S, McPhail E, Theis JD, Vrana JA, Dispenzieri A et al.. A proteomic atlas of kidney amyloidosis provides insights into disease pathogenesis. Kidney international 2024. link 20 Bulut Bingöl G, Tok Ö, Özmen E, Avcı Demir F, Ökçün B. Supporting Role of Adequate Affected Tissue Biopsy in the Diagnostic Algorithm for Cardiac Amyloidosis. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir 2024. link 21 De Michieli L, Stoppa G, Sinigiani G, Previato L, Lorenzoni G, Salvalaggio A et al.. Hospitalization-based epidemiology of systemic and cardiac amyloidosis in the Veneto Region, Italy. International journal of cardiology 2024. link 22 Nicol M, Kitzinger C, Baudet M, Faradji A, Pezel T, Lavergne D et al.. Prognostic value of CMR-derived extracellular volume in AL amyloidosis: a multicenter study. Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis 2024. link 23 Cass K, Luna L, Kivlin W, Fechter B, Paudel H. Concurrent Acute Heart Failure and Renal Failure in Amyloid Light Chain Amyloidosis. WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin 2024. link 24 Clerc OF, Datar Y, Cuddy SAM, Bianchi G, Taylor A, Benz DC et al.. Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular . JACC. Cardiovascular imaging 2024. link 25 Yilmaz F, Acikalin MF, Kasifoglu T. Amyloid A amyloidosis on medullary sponge kidney in a 28-year-old male with gout: A case report and literature review. International journal of rheumatic diseases 2023. link 26 Prokaeva T, Klimtchuk ES, Feschenko P, Spencer B, Cui H, Burks EJ et al.. An additive destabilising effect of compound T60I and V122I substitutions in ATTRv amyloidosis. Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis 2023. link 27 Ioannou A, Patel RK, Razvi Y, Porcari A, Knight D, Martinez-Naharro A et al.. Multi-Imaging Characterization of Cardiac Phenotype in Different Types of Amyloidosis. JACC. Cardiovascular imaging 2023. link 28 Uehara M, Kuraishi S, Ikegami S, Oba H, Takizawa T, Munakata R et al.. Cervical myelopathy due to amyloid deposition with accompanying cardiac abnormalities. The journal of spinal cord medicine 2023. link 29 Axentiev A, Rozik M, Slama E, Setya V. Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis Presenting as Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis. The American surgeon 2023. link 30 Ikeda K, Yamamoto D, Usui K, Takeuchi H, Oka N, Katoh N et al.. Transthyretin Variant Amyloidosis with a TTR A97D (p.A117D) Mutation Manifesting Remarkable Asymmetric Neuropathy. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2023. link 31 Mellqvist UH, Cai Q, Hester LL, Grövdal M, Börsum J, Rahman I et al.. Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of light-chain amyloidosis in Sweden: A nationwide population-based study. European journal of haematology 2023. link 32 Wu B, Shi J, Yu F, Wu Y, Tao X, Xuan T et al.. Association of Cancer Antigen 125 with Long-Term Prognosis in Light-Chain Cardiorenal Amyloidosis. Cardiorenal medicine 2023. link 33 Gaultier S, Puscas T, Pastre J, Gibault L, Arlet JB, Cauquil C et al.. Transbronchial cryobiopsy proven amyloid diffuse cystic lung disease complicating a transthyretin mutated (ATTRm) amyloidosis: a case report. Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease 2023. link 34 Rapezzi C, Emdin M, Aimo A. Unravelling the role of sex in the pathophysiology, phenotypic expression and diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. European journal of heart failure 2022. link 35 Fernandes F, Alencar Neto AC, Bueno BVK, Cafezeiro CRF, Rissato JH, Szor RS et al.. Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Profile in Patients with Systemic Amyloidosis in a Brazilian Cardiology Referral Center. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 2022. link 36 Muchtar E, Drake MT, Leung N, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, Buadi FK et al.. Hypovitaminosis D Is Prevalent in Patients With Renal AL Amyloidosis and Associated With Renal Outcome. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022. link 37 Sperry BW, Khoury JA, Raza S, Rosenthal JL. Comprehensive approach to cardiac amyloidosis care: considerations in starting an amyloidosis program. Heart failure reviews 2022. link 38 Álvarez Rubio J, Manovel Sánchez AJ, González-Costello J, García-Pavía P, Limeres Freire J, García-Pinilla JM et al.. Characterization of hereditary transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in Spain. Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.) 2022. link 39 Chandrashekar P, Desai AK, Trachtenberg BH. Targeted treatments of AL and ATTR amyloidosis. Heart failure reviews 2022. link 40 Briasoulis A, Stamatelopoulos K, Petropoulos I, Patras R, Theodorakakou F, Gavriatopoulou M et al.. Utilization and tolerance of beta-blockers among patients with AL amyloidosis. Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis 2022. link 41 Fuchida SI, Kawamura K, Sunami K, Tsukada N, Fujii S, Ohkawara H et al.. Retrospective Analysis of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for AL Amyloidosis: A Study from the Multiple Myeloma Working Group of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Transplantation and cellular therapy 2022. link 42 Goyal A, Lahan S, Dalia T, Ranka S, Bhattad VB, Patel RR et al.. Clinical comparison of V122I genotypic variant of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy with wild-type and other hereditary variants: a systematic review. Heart failure reviews 2022. link 43 Maurer MS, Dunnmon P, Fontana M, Quarta CC, Prasad K, Witteles RM et al.. Proposed Cardiac End Points for Clinical Trials in Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis: Report From the Amyloidosis Forum Cardiac Working Group. Circulation. Heart failure 2022. link 44 Sood RF, Lipira AB. Risk of Amyloidosis and Heart Failure Among Patients Undergoing Surgery for Trigger Digit or Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study With Implications for Screening. The Journal of hand surgery 2022. link 45 Taylor MS, Sidiqi H, Hare J, Kwok F, Choi B, Lee D et al.. Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of amyloidosis. Internal medicine journal 2022. link 46 Pour-Ghaz I, Bath A, Kayali S, Alkhatib D, Yedlapati N, Rhea I et al.. A Review of Cardiac Amyloidosis: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Current problems in cardiology 2022. link 47 Kumar S, Li D, Joseph D, Trachtenberg B. State-of-the-art review on management of end-stage heart failure in amyloidosis: transplant and beyond. Heart failure reviews 2022. link 48 Riva M, Berno T, Cipriani A, Altinier S, Fedrigo M, Noventa F et al.. Dealing With High-Risk AL Amyloidosis Patients: A Single Hematologic Center Experience. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 2021. link 49 Silva ACD, Bonato FOB, Bastos MG. Conventional physical examination extended by bedside ultrasound: a new paradigm in nephrological practice. Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia 2021. link 50 Persia-Paulino YR, Cuevas-Perez J, Fernandez-Asensio R, Junco-Vicente A, Rozado-Castano J, Colunga S et al.. Unusual high 99mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (99mTc-DPD) tracer deposition on a heart scintigraphy in a patient with AL amyloidosis: A case report. Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology 2021. link 51 Spoladore R, Falasconi G, Marcatti M, Di Maio S, Fiore G, Slavich M et al.. Advances in pharmacotherapy for cardiac amyloidosis. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2021. link 52 Van De Ginste L, Dendooven A, Van Dorpe J, Delanghe JR, Vanmassenhove J, Speeckaert MM. A rare presentation of kidney failure in a patient with giant cell arteritis: case report and review of literature. Acta clinica Belgica 2021. link 53 Sobue Y, Takemura G, Kawamura S, Yano T, Kanamori H, Morimoto SI et al.. Coexistence of amyloidosis and light chain deposition disease in the heart. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2021. link 54 Nakayama S, Kinugasa S, Hirose T, Miyake Y, Ota K, Onzo-Toyama M et al.. A case of light chain (AL) amyloidosis with heart failure, renal dysfunction, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia successfully treated with peritoneal dialysis. CEN case reports 2021. link 55 Papathanasiou M, Carpinteiro A, Kersting D, Jakstaite AM, Hagenacker T, Schlosser TW et al.. Rare variant (p.Ser43Asn) of familial transthyretin amyloidosis associated with isolated cardiac phenotype: A case series with literature review. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 2021. link 56 Abulizi M, Sifaoui I, Wuliya-Gariepy M, Kharoubi M, Israël JM, Emsen B et al.. (no title). Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology 2021. link 57 Huang X, Ren G, Chen W, Guo J, Zhao L, Zeng C et al.. The role of induction therapy before autologous stem cell transplantation in low disease burden AL amyloidosis patients. Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis 2021. link 58 Otagiri S, Nakajima S, Katsurada T, Sakurai K, Yamanashi K, Ara T et al.. Chronic Diarrhea as the Presenting Feature of Amyloidosis with Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report Diagnosed by a Myocardial Biopsy. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2021. link 59 Oubari S, Naser E, Papathanasiou M, Luedike P, Hagenacker T, Thimm A et al.. Impact of time to diagnosis on Mayo stages, treatment outcome, and survival in patients with AL amyloidosis and cardiac involvement. European journal of haematology 2021. link 60 Almasri H, Almeer A, Awouda S, Hamid O, Sardar S, Anwer Z et al.. Cardiac Amyloidosis Presenting with Pre-Excitation Syndrome, Heart Failure, and Severe Factor X Deficiency as Part of Systemic Amyloid Light-Chain (AL) Amyloidosis - A Fatal Combination. The American journal of case reports 2021. link 61 Law S, Fontana M, Gillmore JD. Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac and Renal Amyloidosis. Cardiology clinics 2021. link 62 Tew YY, Scott A. Cardiac amyloidosis masquerading as acute coronary syndrome. BMJ case reports 2021. link 63 Parker MM, Damrauer SM, Tcheandjieu C, Erbe D, Aldinc E, Hawkins PN et al.. Association of the transthyretin variant V122I with polyneuropathy among individuals of African ancestry. Scientific reports 2021. link 64 Tattoli L, Dell'Erba A, Di Vella G, Maselli E. Occult cardiac amyloidosis: the last chapter of a 2-year long story. Forensic science, medicine, and pathology 2020. link 65 Awaya T, Minamimoto R, Iwama K, Kubota S, Hotta M, Hirai R et al.. Performance of . Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology 2020. link 66 Davis MK, Fine NM. An Urgent Need for Data to Drive Decision Making: Rationale for the Canadian Registry for Amyloidosis Research. The Canadian journal of cardiology 2020. link 67 Nagano N, Yano T, Fujita Y, Kouzu H, Koyama M, Ikeda H et al.. Assessment of prognosis in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis patients with severe heart failure: a predictive value of right ventricular function. Heart and vessels 2020. link 68 Rakheja G, Handa U, Tahlan A, Lehl SS. Cytological diagnosis of amyloidosis presenting as a supraclavicular swelling. Diagnostic cytopathology 2020. link 69 Itagaki H, Yamamoto T, Uto K, Hiroi A, Onizuka H, Arashi H et al.. Recurrent pericardial effusion with pericardial amyloid deposition: a case report and literature review. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2020. link 70 Oiwa H, Katoh N, Kojo S, Yoshinaga T, Taniguchi K, Shiote Y. Temporal artery involvement in AL amyloidosis: an important differential diagnosis for giant cell arteritis. A case report and literature review. Modern rheumatology case reports 2020. link 71 Lai HJ, Huang KC, Liang YC, Chien KL, Lee MJ, Hsieh ST et al.. Cardiac manifestations and prognostic implications of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis associated with transthyretin Ala97Ser. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 2020. link 72 Abdallah AA, Alapat D, Kaur V, Atrash S. Outcomes of autologous stem cell transplant for cardiac AL-amyloidosis and cardiac light chain deposition disease. Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners 2020. link 73 Fayyaz AU, Bois MC, Dasari S, Padmanabhan D, Vrana JA, Stulak JM et al.. Amyloidosis in surgically resected atrial appendages: a study of 345 consecutive cases with clinical implications. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 2020. link 74 Gospodinova M, Sarafov S, Chamova T, Kirov A, Todorov T, Nakov R et al.. Cardiac involvement, morbidity and mortality in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis because of p.Glu89Gln mutation. Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) 2020. link 75 Itzhaki Ben Zadok O, Abelow A, Vaxman I, Eisen A, Iakobishvili Z, Sagie A et al.. Prior Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Early Concomitant Echocardiographic Findings Among Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis. Journal of cardiac failure 2020. link 76 Gertz MA, Dispenzieri A. Systemic Amyloidosis Recognition, Prognosis, and Therapy: A Systematic Review. JAMA 2020. link 77 Andrei M, Wang JC. Cutaneous light chain amyloidosis with multiple myeloma: A concise review. Hematology/oncology and stem cell therapy 2019. link 78 Hirakawa K, Takashio S, Marume K, Yamamoto M, Hanatani S, Yamamoto E et al.. Non-Val30Met mutation, septal hypertrophy, and cardiac denervation in patients with mutant transthyretin amyloidosis. ESC heart failure 2019. link 79 Tang CX, Petersen SE, Sanghvi MM, Lu GM, Zhang LJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for amyloidosis: The state-of-the-art. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2019. link 80 Sidiqi MH, Buadi FK, Dispenzieri A, Warsame R, Lacy MQ, Dingli D et al.. Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for IgM-Associated Amyloid Light-Chain Amyloidosis. Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2019. link 81 Tei M, Maruko I, Uchimura E, Iida T. Retinal and choroidal circulation determined by optical coherence tomography angiography in patient with amyloidosis. BMJ case reports 2019. link 82 Tomita E, Matsuo S, Tsukamoto Y, Fukuhara K, Akashi A. Diffuse Alveolar Septal Amyloidosis With Wild-Type Transthyretin With Spontaneous Lung Hematoma. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2019. link 83 Dowd RS, Nail TJ, Arkun K, Kryzanski J, Soto O, Fogaren T et al.. Where Neurosurgery Meets Heart Failure: A Case Report of a Patient with Amyloid Transthyretin Wild Type in the Ligamentum Flavum and Cardiac Tissue with Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. World neurosurgery 2019. link 84 Sperry BW, Saeed IM, Raza S, Kennedy KF, Hanna M, Spertus JA. Increasing Rate of Hospital Admissions in Patients With Amyloidosis (from the National Inpatient Sample). The American journal of cardiology 2019. link 85 Fosbøl EL, Rørth R, Leicht BP, Schou M, Maurer MS, Kristensen SL et al.. Association of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome With Amyloidosis, Heart Failure, and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2019. link 86 Otaka Y, Nakazato Y, Tsutsui T, Tamura J. Cardiac involvement in heavy and light chain amyloidosis: A case report and literature review. Medicine 2019. link 87 España Fuente L, Mella Pérez G, Laserna Cocina B, González González JL. Can videolaryngoscopy be a first option in a patient with laryngeal amyloidosis?. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion 2018. link 88 Gonzalez J, Wahab A, Kesari K. Dysphagia unveiling systemic immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis with multiple myeloma. BMJ case reports 2018. link 89 Garcia Y, Collins AB, Stone JR. Abdominal fat pad excisional biopsy for the diagnosis and typing of systemic amyloidosis. Human pathology 2018. link 90 Finsterer J, Stöllberger C, Rauschka H, Gatterer E. Coronary ectasia in amyloid cardiomyopathy and neuropathy due to the transthyretin mutation c.323A>G. Heart & lung : the journal of critical care 2018. link 91 Siegismund CS, Escher F, Lassner D, Kühl U, Gross U, Fruhwald F et al.. Intramyocardial inflammation predicts adverse outcome in patients with cardiac AL amyloidosis. European journal of heart failure 2018. link 92 Sato S, Tamai Y, Okada S, Kannbe E, Takeda K, Tanaka E. Atraumatic Splenic Rupture Due to Ectopic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with AL Amyloidosis. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2018. link 93 Uzan C, Lairez O, Raud-Raynier P, Garcia R, Degand B, Christiaens LP et al.. Right ventricular longitudinal strain: a tool for diagnosis and prognosis in light-chain amyloidosis. Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis 2018. link 94 Java AP, Greason KL, Dispenzieri A, Grogan M, King KS, Maleszewski JJ et al.. Aortic valve replacement in patients with amyloidosis. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2018. link 95 Wan K, Sun J, Han Y, Luo Y, Liu H, Yang D et al.. Right ventricular involvement evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging predicts mortality in patients with light chain amyloidosis. Heart and vessels 2018. link 96 Muchtar E, Gertz MA, Kumar SK, Lin G, Boilson B, Clavell A et al.. Digoxin use in systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis: contra-indicated or cautious use?. Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis 2018. link 97 Sara JDS, Khodadadi R, Barth D, Burton MC. Amyloidosis: a unifying diagnosis for nephrotic syndrome and congestive cardiac failure. BMJ case reports 2018. link 98 Domingues K, Saraiva M, Marta L, Monteiro I, Leal M. Light chain cardiac amyloidosis - a rare cause of heart failure in a young adult. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) 2018. link 99 Gagliardi C, Perfetto F, Lorenzini M, Ferlini A, Salvi F, Milandri A et al.. Phenotypic profile of Ile68Leu transthyretin amyloidosis: an underdiagnosed cause of heart failure. European journal of heart failure 2018. link 100 Hanson JLS, Arvanitis M, Koch CM, Berk JL, Ruberg FL, Prokaeva T et al.. Use of Serum Transthyretin as a Prognostic Indicator and Predictor of Outcome in Cardiac Amyloid Disease Associated With Wild-Type Transthyretin. Circulation. Heart failure 2018. link