← Back to guidelines
Dermatology39 papers

Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma, also known as dissecting cellulitis of the scalp or perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (PCAS), is a rare, severe neutrophilic cicatricial alopecia characterized by deep inflammatory infiltrates, abscess formation, and destruction of polysebaceous follicles 3.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Features: Multiple interconnected alopecic nodules, particularly on the vertex scalp, with relapsed inflammatory nodular lesions and follicular pustules 32.
  • Histopathology: Deep inflammatory infiltrate in the reticular dermis or subcutis, formation of abscesses, and destruction of polysebaceous follicles with lymphoplasmacytic granulomas 3.
  • Comorbidities: Often associated with acne conglobata and hidradenitis suppurativa 123.
  • Radiographic Findings: Asymptomatic radiographic sacroiliitis may be present in some cases 1.
  • Management

  • First-Line Treatments:
  • - Systemic Antibiotics: Azithromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin (specific doses not detailed) 3.
  • Adjunctive Treatments:
  • - Topical Agents: Not specifically detailed in provided abstracts. - Surgical Interventions: May be considered for severe cases with extensive scarring 2.

    Special Populations

  • Comorbid Conditions: Patients with acne conglobata and hidradenitis suppurativa may have an increased risk 123.
  • No Specific Data: Limited information on management in pregnancy, pediatrics, or elderly populations 123.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Histopathologic Confirmation is Essential for Diagnosis (Evidence: Moderate 3).
  • Consider Systemic Antibiotics for Treatment, especially in cases with significant inflammatory activity (Evidence: Weak 3).
  • Monitor for Associated Spondyloarthropathies, particularly in patients with chronic scalp lesions (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • References

    1 Zagelbaum Ward NK, Jun JA, Vecerek N, Donaldson M, Quismorio FP. Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp associated with peripheral and axial spondyloarthritis: report of a case and review of the literature. Clinical rheumatology 2022. link 2 Lee CN, Chen W, Hsu CK, Weng TT, Lee JY, Yang CC. Dissecting folliculitis (dissecting cellulitis) of the scalp: a 66-patient case series and proposal of classification. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG 2018. link 3 Brănişteanu DE, Molodoi A, Ciobanu D, Bădescu A, Stoica LE, Brănişteanu D et al.. The importance of histopathologic aspects in the diagnosis of dissecting cellulitis of the scalp. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie 2009. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp associated with peripheral and axial spondyloarthritis: report of a case and review of the literature.Zagelbaum Ward NK, Jun JA, Vecerek N, Donaldson M, Quismorio FP Clinical rheumatology (2022)
    2. [2]
      Dissecting folliculitis (dissecting cellulitis) of the scalp: a 66-patient case series and proposal of classification.Lee CN, Chen W, Hsu CK, Weng TT, Lee JY, Yang CC Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG (2018)
    3. [3]
      The importance of histopathologic aspects in the diagnosis of dissecting cellulitis of the scalp.Brănişteanu DE, Molodoi A, Ciobanu D, Bădescu A, Stoica LE, Brănişteanu D et al. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie (2009)

    HemoChat

    by SPINAI

    Evidence-based clinical decision support powered by SNOMED-CT, Neo4j GraphRAG, and NASS/AO/NICE guidelines.

    ⚕ For clinical reference only. Not a substitute for professional judgment.

    © 2026 HemoChat. All rights reserved.
    Research·Pricing·Privacy & Terms·Refund·SNOMED-CT · NASS · AO Spine · NICE · GraphRAG