← Back to guidelines
Oncology1198 papers

Carcinoma

Last edited: 4/17/2026

Overview

Carcinoma encompasses various malignant neoplasms originating from epithelial tissues, including but not limited to colorectal, prostatic, and bronchogenic carcinomas, each with distinct clinical presentations and management strategies. 936

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Variable, depending on the primary site (e.g., dysphagia for esophageal, hematuria for urethral).
  • Imaging: CT, MRI, PET scans for staging and detection of metastases. 48213159
  • Biopsy and Histopathology: Essential for definitive diagnosis; includes immunohistochemical markers like PAX8, PAX2 for Müllerian origin. 173368
  • Grading Systems: Gleason grading for prostate carcinoma; TNM staging for colorectal and other carcinomas. 6222836
  • Biomarker Testing: Reporting protocols for biomarker results standardized by CAP guidelines. 3
  • Management

  • Primary Treatment: Surgical resection (e.g., radical prostatectomy for prostate, resection for colorectal). 93644
  • Systemic Therapy: Chemotherapy (e.g., platinum-based for urothelial), targeted therapies (e.g., antiandrogens for prostate). 6678
  • Radiation Therapy: External beam radiation, radiosurgery for localized disease or palliation. 4059
  • Palliative Care: Endobronchial treatments (e.g., argon plasma coagulation) for symptom relief. 2930
  • Bone Metastases: Bisphosphonates (e.g., clodronate) and radionuclides (e.g., strontium-89) for pain management. 4677
  • Immunotherapy: Emerging role in specific carcinoma types, particularly advanced stages. 66
  • Special Populations

  • Elderly: Increased risk of keratinocyte carcinoma post-transplant; tailored surveillance recommended. 8
  • Comorbidities: Consideration of comorbidities (e.g., coronary artery disease) in treatment planning (e.g., preoperative laser therapy). 22
  • Pregnancy: Colorectal carcinoma management requires careful consideration of maternal and fetal outcomes; multidisciplinary approach advised. 61
  • Key Recommendations

  • Annual Dermatology Assessments for solid organ transplant recipients to improve keratinocyte carcinoma outcomes. (Evidence: Moderate) 8
  • Standardized Reporting of biomarker testing results in gynecologic carcinomas following CAP guidelines. (Evidence: Strong) 3
  • Multidisciplinary Approach for managing colorectal carcinoma, emphasizing radiological diagnosis and intervention. (Evidence: Moderate) 9
  • Gleason Grading should be performed by experienced pathologists to ensure reproducibility and accurate prognosis in prostate carcinoma. (Evidence: Moderate) 2228
  • Consideration of Palliative Measures early in advanced carcinoma management to improve quality of life. (Evidence: Expert opinion) 2930
  • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 119 indexed papers.

    1 Savage KT, Chen J, Schlenker K, Pugliano-Mauro M, Carroll BT. Geriatric dermatologic surgery part I: Frailty assessment and palliative treatments in the geriatric dermatology population. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2025. link 2 Sieborg J, Hædersdal M, Lei U, Sølvsten H, Olesen AB, Vinding GR et al.. Impact of socioeconomic status and distance to a dermatological clinic on the disease burden of keratinocyte carcinoma and its precursors in Danish office-based dermatological practice. Clinical and experimental dermatology 2025. link 3 Turashvili G, Karnezis AN, Hulkower KI, Hebert C, Harik L, Crothers B et al.. Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Carcinoma of Gynecologic Origin: The Updated College of American Pathologists Protocol. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2025. link 4 Anai M, Hamada S, Jodai T, Okabayashi H, Saruwatari K, Tomita Y et al.. Pulmonary Tumor Embolism due to Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosed by a Transbronchial Lung Biopsy. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2025. link 5 Cornejo CM, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Willenbrink TJ, Schmults CD, Arron ST, Ruiz ES. Field cancerization: Treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2020. link 6 van Leenders GJLH, van der Kwast TH, Grignon DJ, Evans AJ, Kristiansen G, Kweldam CF et al.. The 2019 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma. The American journal of surgical pathology 2020. link 7 Peloza K, Duszak R, Rosenkrantz AB, Blalock TW, Yeung H. Utilization and cost of electronic brachytherapy by dermatologists from 2012 to 2015. The Journal of dermatological treatment 2019. link 8 Chan AW, Fung K, Austin PC, Kim SJ, Singer LG, Baxter NN et al.. Improved keratinocyte carcinoma outcomes with annual dermatology assessment after solid organ transplantation: Population-based cohort study. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 2019. link 9 Vogl TJ, Pereira PL, Helmberger T, Schreyer AG, Schmiegel W, Fischer S et al.. Updated S3 Guidelines - Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Carcinoma: Relevance for Radiological Diagnosis and Intervention. RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin 2019. link 10 Shanks JH, Srigley JR, Brimo F, Comperat E, Delahunt B, Koch M et al.. Dataset for reporting of carcinoma of the urethra (in urethrectomy specimens): recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR). Histopathology 2019. link 11 Jones AD, Graff JP, Darrow M, Borowsky A, Olson KA, Gandour-Edwards R et al.. Impact of pre-analytical variables on deep learning accuracy in histopathology. Histopathology 2019. link 12 Breathnach CS. Evarts Ambrose Graham (1883-1957), doyen of pulmonary surgeons. Irish journal of medical science 2016. link 13 Conacher ID. The King's anaesthetic. Journal of medical biography 2015. link 14 Gakis G, Witjes JA, Compérat E, Cowan NC, De Santis M, Lebret T et al.. EAU guidelines on primary urethral carcinoma. European urology 2013. link 15 Hirose R, Miura T, Sha R, Shinkai Y, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Kumagai Y. A method for detecting covalent modification of sensor proteins associated with 1,4-naphthoquinone-induced activation of electrophilic signal transduction pathways. The Journal of toxicological sciences 2012. link 16 Young JK, Hall RL, O'Brien P, Strauss V, Vahle JL. Best practices for clinical pathology testing in carcinogenicity studies. Toxicologic pathology 2011. link 17 Wiseman W, Michael CW, Roh MH. Diagnostic utility of PAX8 and PAX2 immunohistochemistry in the identification of metastatic Müllerian carcinoma in effusions. Diagnostic cytopathology 2011. link 18 Kos S, Bilecen D, Baumhoer D, Guillaume N, Jacob AL. CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the inferior vena cava wall: a posterior coaxial approach. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2010. link 19 Liebler DC. Protein damage by reactive electrophiles: targets and consequences. Chemical research in toxicology 2008. link 20 Grbolar A, Qaradaghi L, Imren Y, Tasoglu I, Coskun E, Avci T. Bronchopericardial fistula, an unusual complication of oxytetracycline sclerosis therapy. Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery 2008. link 21 Eide MJ, Weinstock MA, Dufresne RG, Neelagaru S, Risica P, Burkholder GJ et al.. Relationship of treatment delay with surgical defect size from keratinocyte carcinoma (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin). The Journal of investigative dermatology 2005. link 22 Oyama T, Allsbrook WC, Kurokawa K, Matsuda H, Segawa A, Sano T et al.. A comparison of interobserver reproducibility of Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma in Japan and the United States. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2005. link 23 Helin H, Lundin M, Lundin J, Martikainen P, Tammela T, Helin H et al.. Web-based virtual microscopy in teaching and standardizing Gleason grading. Human pathology 2005. link 24 Skaria AM. Diagnostic and surgical accuracy and economic aspects of dermatological surgery - a pilot study. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2004. link 25 Marchenko ND, Marchenko GN, Weinreb RN, Lindsey JD, Kyshtoobayeva A, Crawford HC et al.. Beta-catenin regulates the gene of MMP-26, a novel metalloproteinase expressed both in carcinomas and normal epithelial cells. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2004. link 26 Goddard AJ, Lenthall RK, Bradley PJ. Endovascular management of infected carotid artery pseudoaneurysm complicating pharyngolaryngectomy: complete occlusion followed by early recurrence and rebleeding. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2004. link 27 Chandrasekhar HR, Shashikala P, Murthy BN, Vidyasagar B, Rao HL. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma mimicking miliary tuberculosis. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2001. link 28 Allsbrook WC, Mangold KA, Johnson MH, Lane RB, Lane CG, Amin MB et al.. Interobserver reproducibility of Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma: urologic pathologists. Human pathology 2001. link 29 Morice RC, Ece T, Ece F, Keus L. Endobronchial argon plasma coagulation for treatment of hemoptysis and neoplastic airway obstruction. Chest 2001. link 30 Golder M, Tekkis PP, Kennedy C, Lath S, Toye R, Steger AC. Chest pain following oesophageal stenting for malignant dysphagia. Clinical radiology 2001. link 31 Kariya N, Shindoh M, Nakatani K, Asada A, Nishi S, Kurita S. Echocardiographic diagnosis of extrapericardial tamponade due to dilated gastric roll following oesophagectomy. Anaesthesia and intensive care 2001. link 32 Patocka J, Strunecká A. The most important microtubule natural inhibitors. Acta medica (Hradec Kralove) 1999. link 33 Hogan DF, Dhaliwal RS, Sisson DD, Kitchell BE. Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis-induced systemic thromboembolism in a cat. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 1999. link 34 Sittel C, Eckel HE, Eschenburg C. Phonatory results after laser surgery for glottic carcinoma. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 1998. link70093-2) 35 Taal BG, Kooyman WM, Boot H. Expandable stents compared to conventional plastic endoprostheses in malignant oesophageal obstruction, especially in cardiac cancer and fistulas: the experience of the Netherlands Cancer Institute. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 1998. link 36 Renshaw AA. Prostatic carcinoma. Diagnostic pathology and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America 1996. link 37 Saenz MT, García MD, de la Puerta R. Cytostatic activity of some essential oils against HEp-2 cells. Farmaco (Societa chimica italiana : 1989) 1996. link 38 Chua CH, Westlake W, Rich W. Iris metastasis: an unusual cause of anterior uveitis. Postgraduate medical journal 1996. link 39 Sepulveda AR, Habib GM, Damjanov A, Matacic S, Damjanov I, Lebovitz RM et al.. Expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in midgestation mouse yolk sac and mouse visceral yolk sac carcinoma cells. Experimental cell research 1995. link 40 Hellman S, Weichselbaum RR. Radiation oncology. JAMA 1994. link 41 Houghton A, Marsh J, Sopher M, Stoker A, Vandal M. Don't forget prostatic carcinoma in abdominal carcinomatosis. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 1994. link 42 DeMatteo RP, Morris JB, Broderick G. Incidental laparoscopic repair of a spigelian hernia. Surgery 1994. link 43 Wiebe B, Warnøe H, Klarlund M, Jacobsen AK. Epididymal metastasis from prostatic carcinoma. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology 1993. link 44 Saito Y. Laboratory assessment of prostate status. Clinics in laboratory medicine 1993. link 45 Gianotti R, Grimalt R, Alessi E, Caputo R. Spiralled variant of syringomatous carcinoma. The American Journal of dermatopathology 1993. link 46 Vorreuther R. Biphosphonates as an adjunct to palliative therapy of bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma. A pilot study on clodronate. British journal of urology 1993. link 47 Mertens WC, Stitt L, Porter AT. Strontium 89 therapy and relief of pain in patients with prostatic carcinoma metastatic to bone: a dose response relationship?. American journal of clinical oncology 1993. link 48 Gauden SJ. Superior vena cava syndrome induced by bronchogenic carcinoma: is this an oncological emergency?. Australasian radiology 1993. link 49 Staalsen NH, Nielsen JS. Bronchogenic metastasis to the gingiva. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology 1992. link90343-o) 50 Tabenkin H, Shwarzman P, Steinmatz D, Katz Z. Acute renal failure in a patient with prostatic carcinoma. A case of benign uropathy. Postgraduate medicine 1992. link 51 Mehan VK, Deshpande J, Dalvi BV, Kale PA. Direct extension of bronchogenic carcinoma through pulmonary veins into the left atrium mimicking left atrial myxoma. Chest 1992. link 52 Powney J, Scott AD, George PJ, Feneck RO, Wright J, Barnes NC. Preoperative laser therapy in a patient with resectable bronchogenic carcinoma and severe coronary artery disease. Thorax 1992. link 53 Yachia D, Turani H. Colonic-type adenocarcinoma of male urethra. Urology 1991. link80326-3) 54 Lekili M, Ergen A, Celebi I. Zinc plasma levels in prostatic carcinoma and BPH. International urology and nephrology 1991. link 55 van Dam PA, Lowe DG, Watson JV, James M, Chard T, Hudson CN et al.. Multiparameter flow-cytometric quantitation of epidermal growth factor receptor and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in normal and neoplastic tissues of the female genital tract. Gynecologic oncology 1991. link90355-9) 56 Hauzeur C, Corbusier A, Vanden Bossche M, Schulman CC. Transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis and staging of prostatic carcinoma. European urology 1990. link 57 Shaikh N, Lai L, McLoughlin J, Clark D, Williams G. Quantitative analysis of epidermal growth factor in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma and its prognostic significance. Anticancer research 1990. link 58 Lee TL, Kumar A, Baratham G. Intraventricular morphine for intractable craniofacial pain. Singapore medical journal 1990. link 59 De Jong PM, Busscher DL, Bakker W. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma presenting as a thin walled cavity in a young man. Thorax 1989. link 60 Kenny JN, Smith WL, Brawer MK. Endobronchial metastases from prostatic carcinoma. The Annals of thoracic surgery 1988. link62445-9) 61 Armentano G. Colorectal carcinoma in pregnancy: a case report. European journal of gynaecological oncology 1988. link 62 Crockard HA, Barnard RO, Isaacson PG. Metastasis of carcinoma to hemangioblastoma cerebelli: case report. Neurosurgery 1988. link 63 Clements R, Griffiths GJ. Prostatic ultrasound. British journal of hospital medicine 1987. link 64 Carr BI, Rahbar S, Doroshow JH, Blayney D, Goldberg D, Leong L et al.. Fetal hemoglobin gene activation in a phase II study of 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine for bronchogenic carcinoma. Cancer research 1987. link 65 Pieslor PC, Hefter LG. Umbilical metastasis from prostatic carcinoma--Sister Joseph nodule. Urology 1986. link90346-8) 66 Neumann F, Töpert M. Pharmacology of antiandrogens. Journal of steroid biochemistry 1986. link90320-1) 67 Lin CT, Liu JW, Song GX, Wu JY, Lam KW, Yam LT et al.. Immunoultrastructural demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2 in prostatic carcinoma. The Journal of urology 1986. link44766-5) 68 Johnston WW, Szpak CA, Lottich SC, Thor A, Schlom J. Use of a monoclonal antibody (B72.3) as a novel immunohistochemical adjunct for the diagnosis of carcinomas in fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens. Human pathology 1986. link80041-7) 69 Okada G, Kaneko I, Koyama H. Purification and characterization of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A cells in culture. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1986. link90178-9) 70 Sato K, Ito A, Shiomi T, Hama-Inaba H, Ishikawa H, Yoshizumi T et al.. X-ray-sensitive mutants of mouse mammary carcinoma cells are hypersensitive to bleomycin and hydrogen peroxide. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann 1986. link 71 Van Schil P, Peeters P, Seghers K. Cardiac tamponade as the first manifestation of bronchogenic carcinoma. International surgery 1985. link 72 Cross AB. Bronchogenic carcinoma presenting as an injured thumb. Archives of emergency medicine 1985. link 73 Ochiai A, Yokozaki H, Kyo E, Hozumi T, Tahara E. A monoclonal antibody reacting with various human carcinomas and fetal colon and esophagus. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann 1985. link 74 Boonstra J, van Maurik P, Defize LH, de Laat SW, Leunissen JL, Verkley AJ. Visualization of epidermal growth factor receptor in cryosections of cultured A431 cells by immuno-gold labeling. European journal of cell biology 1985. link 75 Banjar ZM, Hnilica LS, Briggs RC, Dominguez E, Stein JL, Stein GS. cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum-mediated crosslinking of nuclear proteins to DNA is cell cycle specific. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 1985. link90270-x) 76 Danova M, Riccardi A, Girino M, Ucci G, Vadalà G. Severe pericarditis as a presenting sign of bronchogenic carcinoma. Tumori 1985. link 77 Wewer U. Induction of rat yolk sac carcinomas with consistent pattern of laminin, entactin, and type IV collagen biosynthesis. Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology 1984. link 78 Agardh CD, Nilsson-Ehle P, Lundgren R, Gustafson A. The influence of treatment with estrogens and estramustine phosphate on platelet aggregation and plasma lipoproteins in non-disseminated prostatic carcinoma. The Journal of urology 1984. link49991-5) 79 Willis RE. Gene control by phosphoproteins: a theoretical model for eukarotic DNA regulation. Medical hypotheses 1984. link90074-4) 80 Satz N, Münch R, Kuhlmann U, Pedio G, Gut D, Pei P et al.. High amylase content of neoplastic pleural and pericardial effusion probably secondary to amylase producing tumor cells: report of 2 cases. Klinische Wochenschrift 1983. link 81 Kabnick EM, Sobo S, Steinbaum S, Alexander LL, Nkongho A. Spontaneous pneumothorax from bronchogenic carcinoma. Journal of the National Medical Association 1982. link 82 Sheinman BD, Gawler J. Opsoclonus and polymyoclonia complicating oat-cell carcinoma of the bronchus. Postgraduate medical journal 1982. link 83 Ochshorn M, Ilie B, Blum I. Multiple telangiectases preceding the appearance of undifferentiated bronchogenic carcinoma. Dermatologica 1982. link 84 Feustel A, Wennrich R, Steiniger D, Klauss P. Zinc and cadmium concentration in prostatic carcinoma of different histological grading in comparison to normal prostate tissue and adenofibromyomatosis (BPH). Urological research 1982. link 85 Chisholm JC, Ireland CS, Scott RN. Bronchogenic carcinoma, leukemoid reaction, marantic endocarditis, and consumptive thrombocytopathy. Journal of the National Medical Association 1982. link 86 Marriott AE, Weisbrod G. Bronchogenic carcinoma associated with pulmonary infarction. Radiology 1982. link 87 Katims LM. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: methods and current status. Medical instrumentation 1982. link 88 Kohri K, Kaneko S, Akiyama T, Yachiku S, Kurita T. Ultrasonic evaluation of prostatic carcinoma. Urology 1981. link90246-6) 89 Shankar PS. Case report: intraoperative system tumor embolism. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians 1981. link 90 McIlhinney RA, Dinsdale E, Neville AM, Ormerod MG. A monoclonal antibody to the murine teratoma, F9: an immunocytochemical demonstration of tissue specificity. Diagnostic histopathology 1981. link 91 Joffe J, Gordon PH. Palliative resection for colorectal carcinoma. Diseases of the colon and rectum 1981. link 92 Sobin LH. Incidence of prostatic carcinoma. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum 1980. link 93 Director KL. Cancer presenting as the delusion of cancer. The Journal of clinical psychiatry 1980. link 94 Kim RY, Blackburn BE, Roth RE. Improved external radiation technique for the treatment of carcinoma involving lower rectovaginal areas. Radiology 1980. link 95 Menon M, Stefani SS. Evaluation of human chorionic gonadotropin-beta levels in prostatic carcinoma. Urologia internationalis 1980. link 96 Johnson DE, von Eschenbach AC. Prostatic carcinoma: a trilogy of clinical expressions. Southern medical journal 1980. link 97 Taryle DA, Braun TJ. Cavitary pulmonary metastases from vulvar carcinoma. Southern medical journal 1979. link 98 Lachand AT, Martin-Mondières C. Immune evaluation with skin tests in prostatic carcinoma. European urology 1979. link 99 LiVolsi VA. Prostatic carcinoma presenting as a primary parotid tumor. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology 1979. link90076-8) 100 Swenberg JA. Nonhormonal perinatal carcinogenesis. National Cancer Institute monograph 1979. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Geriatric dermatologic surgery part I: Frailty assessment and palliative treatments in the geriatric dermatology population.Savage KT, Chen J, Schlenker K, Pugliano-Mauro M, Carroll BT Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
    2. [2]
    3. [3]
      Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Carcinoma of Gynecologic Origin: The Updated College of American Pathologists Protocol.Turashvili G, Karnezis AN, Hulkower KI, Hebert C, Harik L, Crothers B et al. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (2025)
    4. [4]
      Pulmonary Tumor Embolism due to Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosed by a Transbronchial Lung Biopsy.Anai M, Hamada S, Jodai T, Okabayashi H, Saruwatari K, Tomita Y et al. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2025)
    5. [5]
      Field cancerization: Treatment.Cornejo CM, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Willenbrink TJ, Schmults CD, Arron ST, Ruiz ES Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
    6. [6]
      The 2019 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma.van Leenders GJLH, van der Kwast TH, Grignon DJ, Evans AJ, Kristiansen G, Kweldam CF et al. The American journal of surgical pathology (2020)
    7. [7]
      Utilization and cost of electronic brachytherapy by dermatologists from 2012 to 2015.Peloza K, Duszak R, Rosenkrantz AB, Blalock TW, Yeung H The Journal of dermatological treatment (2019)
    8. [8]
      Improved keratinocyte carcinoma outcomes with annual dermatology assessment after solid organ transplantation: Population-based cohort study.Chan AW, Fung K, Austin PC, Kim SJ, Singer LG, Baxter NN et al. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons (2019)
    9. [9]
      Updated S3 Guidelines - Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Carcinoma: Relevance for Radiological Diagnosis and Intervention.Vogl TJ, Pereira PL, Helmberger T, Schreyer AG, Schmiegel W, Fischer S et al. RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin (2019)
    10. [10]
    11. [11]
      Impact of pre-analytical variables on deep learning accuracy in histopathology.Jones AD, Graff JP, Darrow M, Borowsky A, Olson KA, Gandour-Edwards R et al. Histopathology (2019)
    12. [12]
      Evarts Ambrose Graham (1883-1957), doyen of pulmonary surgeons.Breathnach CS Irish journal of medical science (2016)
    13. [13]
      The King's anaesthetic.Conacher ID Journal of medical biography (2015)
    14. [14]
      EAU guidelines on primary urethral carcinoma.Gakis G, Witjes JA, Compérat E, Cowan NC, De Santis M, Lebret T et al. European urology (2013)
    15. [15]
      A method for detecting covalent modification of sensor proteins associated with 1,4-naphthoquinone-induced activation of electrophilic signal transduction pathways.Hirose R, Miura T, Sha R, Shinkai Y, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Kumagai Y The Journal of toxicological sciences (2012)
    16. [16]
      Best practices for clinical pathology testing in carcinogenicity studies.Young JK, Hall RL, O'Brien P, Strauss V, Vahle JL Toxicologic pathology (2011)
    17. [17]
    18. [18]
      CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the inferior vena cava wall: a posterior coaxial approach.Kos S, Bilecen D, Baumhoer D, Guillaume N, Jacob AL Cardiovascular and interventional radiology (2010)
    19. [19]
      Protein damage by reactive electrophiles: targets and consequences.Liebler DC Chemical research in toxicology (2008)
    20. [20]
      Bronchopericardial fistula, an unusual complication of oxytetracycline sclerosis therapy.Grbolar A, Qaradaghi L, Imren Y, Tasoglu I, Coskun E, Avci T Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery (2008)
    21. [21]
      Relationship of treatment delay with surgical defect size from keratinocyte carcinoma (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin).Eide MJ, Weinstock MA, Dufresne RG, Neelagaru S, Risica P, Burkholder GJ et al. The Journal of investigative dermatology (2005)
    22. [22]
      A comparison of interobserver reproducibility of Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma in Japan and the United States.Oyama T, Allsbrook WC, Kurokawa K, Matsuda H, Segawa A, Sano T et al. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (2005)
    23. [23]
      Web-based virtual microscopy in teaching and standardizing Gleason grading.Helin H, Lundin M, Lundin J, Martikainen P, Tammela T, Helin H et al. Human pathology (2005)
    24. [24]
    25. [25]
      Beta-catenin regulates the gene of MMP-26, a novel metalloproteinase expressed both in carcinomas and normal epithelial cells.Marchenko ND, Marchenko GN, Weinreb RN, Lindsey JD, Kyshtoobayeva A, Crawford HC et al. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology (2004)
    26. [26]
    27. [27]
      Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma mimicking miliary tuberculosis.Chandrasekhar HR, Shashikala P, Murthy BN, Vidyasagar B, Rao HL The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India (2001)
    28. [28]
      Interobserver reproducibility of Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma: urologic pathologists.Allsbrook WC, Mangold KA, Johnson MH, Lane RB, Lane CG, Amin MB et al. Human pathology (2001)
    29. [29]
    30. [30]
      Chest pain following oesophageal stenting for malignant dysphagia.Golder M, Tekkis PP, Kennedy C, Lath S, Toye R, Steger AC Clinical radiology (2001)
    31. [31]
      Echocardiographic diagnosis of extrapericardial tamponade due to dilated gastric roll following oesophagectomy.Kariya N, Shindoh M, Nakatani K, Asada A, Nishi S, Kurita S Anaesthesia and intensive care (2001)
    32. [32]
      The most important microtubule natural inhibitors.Patocka J, Strunecká A Acta medica (Hradec Kralove) (1999)
    33. [33]
      Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis-induced systemic thromboembolism in a cat.Hogan DF, Dhaliwal RS, Sisson DD, Kitchell BE Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association (1999)
    34. [34]
      Phonatory results after laser surgery for glottic carcinoma.Sittel C, Eckel HE, Eschenburg C Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (1998)
    35. [35]
    36. [36]
      Prostatic carcinoma. Diagnostic pathology and prognosis.Renshaw AA Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America (1996)
    37. [37]
      Cytostatic activity of some essential oils against HEp-2 cells.Saenz MT, García MD, de la Puerta R Farmaco (Societa chimica italiana : 1989) (1996)
    38. [38]
      Iris metastasis: an unusual cause of anterior uveitis.Chua CH, Westlake W, Rich W Postgraduate medical journal (1996)
    39. [39]
      Expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in midgestation mouse yolk sac and mouse visceral yolk sac carcinoma cells.Sepulveda AR, Habib GM, Damjanov A, Matacic S, Damjanov I, Lebovitz RM et al. Experimental cell research (1995)
    40. [40]
      Radiation oncology.Hellman S, Weichselbaum RR JAMA (1994)
    41. [41]
      Don't forget prostatic carcinoma in abdominal carcinomatosis.Houghton A, Marsh J, Sopher M, Stoker A, Vandal M Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (1994)
    42. [42]
      Incidental laparoscopic repair of a spigelian hernia.DeMatteo RP, Morris JB, Broderick G Surgery (1994)
    43. [43]
      Epididymal metastasis from prostatic carcinoma.Wiebe B, Warnøe H, Klarlund M, Jacobsen AK Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology (1993)
    44. [44]
      Laboratory assessment of prostate status.Saito Y Clinics in laboratory medicine (1993)
    45. [45]
      Spiralled variant of syringomatous carcinoma.Gianotti R, Grimalt R, Alessi E, Caputo R The American Journal of dermatopathology (1993)
    46. [46]
    47. [47]
    48. [48]
    49. [49]
      Bronchogenic metastasis to the gingiva.Staalsen NH, Nielsen JS Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology (1992)
    50. [50]
      Acute renal failure in a patient with prostatic carcinoma. A case of benign uropathy.Tabenkin H, Shwarzman P, Steinmatz D, Katz Z Postgraduate medicine (1992)
    51. [51]
    52. [52]
      Preoperative laser therapy in a patient with resectable bronchogenic carcinoma and severe coronary artery disease.Powney J, Scott AD, George PJ, Feneck RO, Wright J, Barnes NC Thorax (1992)
    53. [53]
      Colonic-type adenocarcinoma of male urethra.Yachia D, Turani H Urology (1991)
    54. [54]
      Zinc plasma levels in prostatic carcinoma and BPH.Lekili M, Ergen A, Celebi I International urology and nephrology (1991)
    55. [55]
    56. [56]
      Transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis and staging of prostatic carcinoma.Hauzeur C, Corbusier A, Vanden Bossche M, Schulman CC European urology (1990)
    57. [57]
    58. [58]
      Intraventricular morphine for intractable craniofacial pain.Lee TL, Kumar A, Baratham G Singapore medical journal (1990)
    59. [59]
    60. [60]
      Endobronchial metastases from prostatic carcinoma.Kenny JN, Smith WL, Brawer MK The Annals of thoracic surgery (1988)
    61. [61]
      Colorectal carcinoma in pregnancy: a case report.Armentano G European journal of gynaecological oncology (1988)
    62. [62]
      Metastasis of carcinoma to hemangioblastoma cerebelli: case report.Crockard HA, Barnard RO, Isaacson PG Neurosurgery (1988)
    63. [63]
      Prostatic ultrasound.Clements R, Griffiths GJ British journal of hospital medicine (1987)
    64. [64]
      Fetal hemoglobin gene activation in a phase II study of 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine for bronchogenic carcinoma.Carr BI, Rahbar S, Doroshow JH, Blayney D, Goldberg D, Leong L et al. Cancer research (1987)
    65. [65]
    66. [66]
      Pharmacology of antiandrogens.Neumann F, Töpert M Journal of steroid biochemistry (1986)
    67. [67]
      Immunoultrastructural demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2 in prostatic carcinoma.Lin CT, Liu JW, Song GX, Wu JY, Lam KW, Yam LT et al. The Journal of urology (1986)
    68. [68]
    69. [69]
    70. [70]
      X-ray-sensitive mutants of mouse mammary carcinoma cells are hypersensitive to bleomycin and hydrogen peroxide.Sato K, Ito A, Shiomi T, Hama-Inaba H, Ishikawa H, Yoshizumi T et al. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann (1986)
    71. [71]
      Cardiac tamponade as the first manifestation of bronchogenic carcinoma.Van Schil P, Peeters P, Seghers K International surgery (1985)
    72. [72]
      Bronchogenic carcinoma presenting as an injured thumb.Cross AB Archives of emergency medicine (1985)
    73. [73]
      A monoclonal antibody reacting with various human carcinomas and fetal colon and esophagus.Ochiai A, Yokozaki H, Kyo E, Hozumi T, Tahara E Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann (1985)
    74. [74]
      Visualization of epidermal growth factor receptor in cryosections of cultured A431 cells by immuno-gold labeling.Boonstra J, van Maurik P, Defize LH, de Laat SW, Leunissen JL, Verkley AJ European journal of cell biology (1985)
    75. [75]
      cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum-mediated crosslinking of nuclear proteins to DNA is cell cycle specific.Banjar ZM, Hnilica LS, Briggs RC, Dominguez E, Stein JL, Stein GS Archives of biochemistry and biophysics (1985)
    76. [76]
      Severe pericarditis as a presenting sign of bronchogenic carcinoma.Danova M, Riccardi A, Girino M, Ucci G, Vadalà G Tumori (1985)
    77. [77]
      Induction of rat yolk sac carcinomas with consistent pattern of laminin, entactin, and type IV collagen biosynthesis.Wewer U Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology (1984)
    78. [78]
    79. [79]
    80. [80]
      High amylase content of neoplastic pleural and pericardial effusion probably secondary to amylase producing tumor cells: report of 2 cases.Satz N, Münch R, Kuhlmann U, Pedio G, Gut D, Pei P et al. Klinische Wochenschrift (1983)
    81. [81]
      Spontaneous pneumothorax from bronchogenic carcinoma.Kabnick EM, Sobo S, Steinbaum S, Alexander LL, Nkongho A Journal of the National Medical Association (1982)
    82. [82]
      Opsoclonus and polymyoclonia complicating oat-cell carcinoma of the bronchus.Sheinman BD, Gawler J Postgraduate medical journal (1982)
    83. [83]
    84. [84]
    85. [85]
      Bronchogenic carcinoma, leukemoid reaction, marantic endocarditis, and consumptive thrombocytopathy.Chisholm JC, Ireland CS, Scott RN Journal of the National Medical Association (1982)
    86. [86]
      Bronchogenic carcinoma associated with pulmonary infarction.Marriott AE, Weisbrod G Radiology (1982)
    87. [87]
      Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: methods and current status.Katims LM Medical instrumentation (1982)
    88. [88]
      Ultrasonic evaluation of prostatic carcinoma.Kohri K, Kaneko S, Akiyama T, Yachiku S, Kurita T Urology (1981)
    89. [89]
      Case report: intraoperative system tumor embolism.Shankar PS CA: a cancer journal for clinicians (1981)
    90. [90]
      A monoclonal antibody to the murine teratoma, F9: an immunocytochemical demonstration of tissue specificity.McIlhinney RA, Dinsdale E, Neville AM, Ormerod MG Diagnostic histopathology (1981)
    91. [91]
      Palliative resection for colorectal carcinoma.Joffe J, Gordon PH Diseases of the colon and rectum (1981)
    92. [92]
      Incidence of prostatic carcinoma.Sobin LH Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum (1980)
    93. [93]
      Cancer presenting as the delusion of cancer.Director KL The Journal of clinical psychiatry (1980)
    94. [94]
    95. [95]
      Evaluation of human chorionic gonadotropin-beta levels in prostatic carcinoma.Menon M, Stefani SS Urologia internationalis (1980)
    96. [96]
      Prostatic carcinoma: a trilogy of clinical expressions.Johnson DE, von Eschenbach AC Southern medical journal (1980)
    97. [97]
      Cavitary pulmonary metastases from vulvar carcinoma.Taryle DA, Braun TJ Southern medical journal (1979)
    98. [98]
      Immune evaluation with skin tests in prostatic carcinoma.Lachand AT, Martin-Mondières C European urology (1979)
    99. [99]
      Prostatic carcinoma presenting as a primary parotid tumor.LiVolsi VA Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology (1979)
    100. [100]
      Nonhormonal perinatal carcinogenesis.Swenberg JA National Cancer Institute monograph (1979)

    HemoChat

    by SPINAI

    Evidence-based clinical decision support powered by SNOMED-CT, Neo4j GraphRAG, and NASS/AO/NICE guidelines.

    ⚕ For clinical reference only. Not a substitute for professional judgment.

    © 2026 HemoChat. All rights reserved.
    Research·Pricing·Privacy & Terms·Refund·SNOMED-CT · NASS · AO Spine · NICE · GraphRAG