Overview
Familial colorectal cancer type X refers to hereditary syndromes predisposing individuals to colorectal neoplasia, often characterized by specific genetic mutations and clinical features distinct from more common hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 130 indexed papers.
1 van Bokhorst QNE, Houwen BBSL, Hazewinkel Y, van der Vlugt M, Beaumont H, Grootjans J et al.. Polyp size measurement during colonoscopy using a virtual scale: variability and systematic differences. Endoscopy 2025. link 2 Patel SG, Muething L, Kaltenbach T, Nguyen-Vu T, Malvar C, Keswani RN et al.. Concordance Between Trainee Self-Assessment and Expert Assessment of Cold Snare Polypectomy Competence: Results From a Randomized Clinical Study. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2025. link 3 Byrd T, Boland S, Klem ML, Silver D, Lu L, Neal MD et al.. Health Equity and Emergency Colorectal Surgery in the United States: A Scoping Review. The Journal of surgical research 2025. link 4 Bellato V, Blackwell S, Elhadi M, Grove T, Massey L, Vieira B et al.. Colorectal and emergency surgical patients in the literature supporting EHS and AHS guidelines on abdominal wound closure: a granular analysis. Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery 2025. link 5 Bunjo Z, Traeger L, Murshed I, Bedrikovetski S, Dudi-Venkata NN, Dobbins C et al.. Impact of Surgeon Specialization on Outcomes in Emergency Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Diseases of the colon and rectum 2025. link 6 Sun K, Wang CC, Geiger TM, Smith MC, Lee H, Younan SA et al.. Increasing Differences in Surgical Site Infections After Emergency and Elective Colorectal Surgery. The Journal of surgical research 2025. link 7 Coco D, Leanza S. Robotic surgery in acute colorectal emergencies: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of robotic surgery 2025. link 8 Ferlitsch M, Hassan C, Bisschops R, Bhandari P, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Risio M et al.. Colorectal polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline - Update 2024. Endoscopy 2024. link 9 Zhang X, Jiang X, Shi L. Risk factors for delayed colorectal postpolypectomy bleeding: a meta-analysis. BMC gastroenterology 2024. link 10 Copland AP, Kahi CJ, Ko CW, Ginsberg GG. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Appropriate and Tailored Polypectomy: Expert Review. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2024. link 11 Djinbachian R, Popescu Crainic I, Pioche M, Saito Y, Sethi A, Chiu P et al.. Accuracy in Polyp Size Measurement Among Surgeons, Gastroenterologists, Trainees, and Experts: A Prospective Video-Based Study. The American journal of gastroenterology 2024. link 12 Tanioka N, Kuwahara M, Maeda H, Edo N, Nokubo Y, Shimizu S et al.. Usefulness of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal perforation: a single-center retrospective cohort study. Surgery today 2024. link 13 Afzal A, Aranan YS, Roberts T, Covington J, Vidal L, Ahmed S et al.. Diagnostic accuracy of the faecal immunochemical test and volatile organic compound analysis in detecting colorectal polyps: meta-analysis. BJS open 2024. link 14 Antoniou SA, Huo B, Tzanis AA, Koutsiouroumpa O, Mavridis D, Balla A et al.. EAES, SAGES, and ESCP rapid guideline: bowel preparation for minimally invasive colorectal resection. Surgical endoscopy 2023. link 15 Liu J, Li G, Chen Z, Jiang H. A meta-analysis of the effect of different body mass index on surgical wound infection after colorectal surgery. International wound journal 2023. link 16 Eskelinen M, Meklin J, Guimarães DP, Selander T, Syrjänen K, Eskelinen M. Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) in Triage of Bleed-positive (Crab+) and Bleed-negative Colorectal Adenoma (Crab-) Patients in Colorectal Neoplasia Screening. Anticancer research 2023. link 17 Chiang CH, Chang YJ, He SR, Chao JN, Yang CH, Liu YT. Association of 25(OH)-Vitamin D and metabolic factors with colorectal polyps. PloS one 2023. link 18 Duffy MJ, Mullooly M, Bennett K, Crown J. Vitamin D Supplementation: Does It Have a Preventative or Therapeutic Role in Cancer?. Nutrition and cancer 2023. link 19 Rotermund C, Djinbachian R, Taghiakbari M, Enderle MD, Eickhoff A, von Renteln D. Recurrence rates after endoscopic resection of large colorectal polyps: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World journal of gastroenterology 2022. link 20 Woodfield JC, Clifford K, Schmidt B, Turner GA, Amer MA, McCall JL. Strategies for Antibiotic Administration for Bowel Preparation Among Patients Undergoing Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Network Meta-analysis. JAMA surgery 2022. link 21 Uraoka T, Takizawa K, Tanaka S, Kashida H, Saito Y, Yahagi N et al.. Guidelines for Colorectal Cold Polypectomy (supplement to "Guidelines for Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection/Endoscopic Mucosal Resection"). Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society 2022. link 22 Linderman GC, Lin W, Sanghvi MR, Becher RD, Maung AA, Bhattacharya B et al.. Improved outcomes using laparoscopy for emergency colectomy after mitigating bias by negative control exposure analysis. Surgery 2022. link 23 Aggarwal A, Lang A, Krigman HR, Dehner LP. Vascular Malformation and CAP Polyposis: A New Insight into Pathophysiology or Fortuitous Association?. Fetal and pediatric pathology 2022. link 24 Matsumoto H, Ishimaru K, Kikuchi S, Akita S, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida M et al.. Perioperative coagulofibrinolytic responses in colorectal surgery patients without chemical thromboprophylaxis: a retrospective observational study. Surgery today 2022. link 25 Liang PS, Shaukat A, Crockett SD. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Chemoprevention for Colorectal Neoplasia: Expert Review. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2021. link 26 Alverdy JC. Bowel preparation in colorectal surgery: the day of reckoning is here. The British journal of surgery 2021. link 27 Yang D, Perbtani YB, Wang Y, Rumman A, Wang AY, Kumta NA et al.. Evaluating learning curves and competence in colorectal EMR among advanced endoscopy fellows: a pilot multicenter prospective trial using cumulative sum analysis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2021. link 28 Fischer CP, Knapp L, Cohen ME, Ko CY, Reinke CE, Wick EC. Feasibility of Enhanced Recovery in Emergency Colorectal Operation. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2021. link 29 Lee JY, Jeong J, Song EM, Ha C, Lee HJ, Koo JE et al.. Real-time detection of colon polyps during colonoscopy using deep learning: systematic validation with four independent datasets. Scientific reports 2020. link 30 Shamsi N, Shaukat A, Halperin-Goldstein S, Colton J. Sizing of Polyp Illustrations Differs by Endoscopists' Gender and Improves With a Measurement Reference. Evaluation & the health professions 2020. link 31 El Hechi MW, Lee JM, Naar L, El Moheb M, Kokoroskos N, Velmahos GC et al.. The Effect of Immunosuppression on Emergency Colectomy Outcomes: A Nationwide Retrospective Analysis. World journal of surgery 2020. link 32 Gala T, Shahzad N, Edhi AI, Chawla TU. Perioperative hypothermia in colorectal surgeries: are we doing enough to prevent it?. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2020. link 33 Simon HL, Reif de Paula T, Profeta da Luz MM, Nemeth SK, Moug SJ, Keller DS. Frailty in older patients undergoing emergency colorectal surgery: USA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis. The British journal of surgery 2020. link 34 Abraham NS. Antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and colonoscopic polypectomy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2020. link 35 Mulder T, Kluytmans JAJW. Oral antibiotics prior to colorectal surgery: Do they have to be combined with mechanical bowel preparation?. Infection control and hospital epidemiology 2019. link 36 Smith SCL, Saltzman J, Shivaji UN, Lethebe BC, Cannatelli R, Ghosh S et al.. Randomized controlled study of the prediction of diminutive/small colorectal polyp histology using didactic versus computer-based self-learning module in gastroenterology trainees. Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society 2019. link 37 Lohsiriwat V. Enhanced recovery after surgery for emergency colorectal surgery: Are there any differences between intra-abdominal infection and other indications?. Journal of visceral surgery 2019. link 38 Ban KA, Gibbons MM, Ko CY, Wick EC, Cannesson M, Scott MJ et al.. Evidence Review Conducted for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Improving Surgical Care and Recovery: Focus on Anesthesiology for Colorectal Surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia 2019. link 39 Arrick L, Mayson K, Hong T, Warnock G. Enhanced recovery after surgery in colorectal surgery: Impact of protocol adherence on patient outcomes. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2019. link 40 Madani A, Kuijpers CCHJ, Sluijter CE, Von der Thüsen JH, Grünberg K, Lemmens VEPP et al.. Decrease of variation in the grading of dysplasia in colorectal adenomas with a national e-learning module. Histopathology 2019. link 41 Bozorg SR, Song M, Emilsson L, Ludvigsson JF. Validation of serrated polyps (SPs) in Swedish pathology registers. BMC gastroenterology 2019. link 42 Park CH, Jung YS, Kim NH, Lee MY, Park JH, Park DI et al.. Impact of temperature and humidity on performance of the fecal immunochemical test for advanced colorectal neoplasia. Scientific reports 2019. link 43 Bitar H, Zia H, Bashir M, Parava P, Hanafi M, Tierney W et al.. Impact of fellowship training level on colonoscopy quality and efficiency metrics. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2018. link 44 Iacucci M, Trovato C, Daperno M, Akinola O, Greenwald D, Gross SA et al.. Development and validation of the SIMPLE endoscopic classification of diminutive and small colorectal polyps. Endoscopy 2018. link 45 Allen JE, Vennalaganti P, Gupta N, Hornung B, Choudhary A, Titi M et al.. Randomized Controlled Trial of Self-directed Versus In-Classroom Education of Narrow Band Imaging in Diagnosing Colorectal Polyps Using the NICE Criteria. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2018. link 46 Jung YS, Park CH, Kim NH, Park JH, Park DI, Sohn CI. A combination of clinical risk stratification and fecal immunochemical test is useful for identifying persons with high priority of early colonoscopy. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2018. link 47 Chattree A, Barbour JA, Thomas-Gibson S, Bhandari P, Saunders BP, Veitch AM et al.. Report of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland/British Society of Gastroenterology Colorectal Polyp Working Group: the development of a complex colorectal polyp minimum dataset. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2017. link 48 Le ST, Lash BR, Schroy PC, Calderwood AH. Physician Perceptions of Surveillance Follow-up Colonoscopy in Older Adults. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM 2017. link 49 Lubitz AL, Chan E, Zarif D, Ross H, Philp M, Goldberg AJ et al.. American College of Surgeons NSQIP Risk Calculator Accuracy for Emergent and Elective Colorectal Operations. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2017. link 50 Belderbos TD, van Oijen MG, Moons LM, Siersema PD. The "golden retriever" study: improving polyp retrieval rates by providing education and competitive feedback. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2016. link 51 Petz W, Spinoglio G, Choi GS, Parvaiz A, Santiago C, Marecik S et al.. Structured training and competence assessment in colorectal robotic surgery. Results of a consensus experts round table. The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS 2016. link 52 Kolb JM, Morales SJ, Rouse NA, Desai J, Friedman K, Makris L et al.. Does Better Specimen Orientation and a Simplified Grading System Promote More Reliable Histologic Interpretation of Serrated Colon Polyps in the Community Practice Setting? Results of a Nationwide Study. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2016. link 53 Schachschal G, Sehner S, Choschzick M, Aust D, Brandl L, Vieth M et al.. Impact of reassessment of colonic hyperplastic polyps by expert GI pathologists. International journal of colorectal disease 2016. link 54 Chia CL, Mantoo SK, Tan KY. 'Start to finish trans-institutional transdisciplinary care': a novel approach improves colorectal surgical results in frail elderly patients. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2016. link 55 O'Reilly SL, McGlynn AP, McNulty H, Reynolds J, Wasson GR, Molloy AM et al.. Folic Acid Supplementation in Postpolypectomy Patients in a Randomized Controlled Trial Increases Tissue Folate Concentrations and Reduces Aberrant DNA Biomarkers in Colonic Tissues Adjacent to the Former Polyp Site. The Journal of nutrition 2016. link 56 Moons LM, Gralnek IM, Siersema PD. Techniques and technologies to maximize mucosal exposure. Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America 2015. link 57 Vu HT, Sayuk GS, Hollander TG, Clebanoff J, Edmundowicz SA, Gyawali CP et al.. Resect and discard approach to colon polyps: real-world applicability among academic and community gastroenterologists. Digestive diseases and sciences 2015. link 58 Marcondes FO, Dean KM, Schoen RE, Leffler DA, Rose S, Morris M et al.. The impact of exclusion criteria on a physician's adenoma detection rate. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2015. link 59 Baldini G, Fawcett WJ. Anesthesia for colorectal surgery. Anesthesiology clinics 2015. link 60 Wu CL, Benson AR, Hobson DB, Roda CP, Demski R, Galante DJ et al.. Initiating an Enhanced Recovery Pathway Program: An Anesthesiology Department's Perspective. Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety 2015. link41058-x) 61 Vu HT, Sayuk GS, Gupta N, Hollander T, Kim A, Early DS. Patient preferences of a resect and discard paradigm. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2015. link 62 Chukmaitov A, Bradley CJ, Dahman B, Siangphoe U, BouHaidar D, Warren JL. Polypectomy techniques, endoscopist characteristics, and serious gastrointestinal adverse events. Journal of surgical oncology 2014. link 63 Aziz Aadam A, Wani S, Kahi C, Kaltenbach T, Oh Y, Edmundowicz S et al.. Physician assessment and management of complex colon polyps: a multicenter video-based survey study. The American journal of gastroenterology 2014. link 64 Higgs S, Henry R, Glackin M. Acute pain services following surgery for colorectal cancer. British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing) 2014. link 65 Horiuchi A, Nakayama Y, Kajiyama M, Tanaka N, Sano K, Graham DY. Removal of small colorectal polyps in anticoagulated patients: a prospective randomized comparison of cold snare and conventional polypectomy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2014. link 66 Kumar S, Fioritto A, Mitani A, Desai M, Gunaratnam N, Ladabaum U. Optical biopsy of sessile serrated adenomas: do these lesions resemble hyperplastic polyps under narrow-band imaging?. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2013. link 67 Patel SG, Rastogi A, Austin G, Hall M, Siller BA, Berman K et al.. Gastroenterology trainees can easily learn histologic characterization of diminutive colorectal polyps with narrow band imaging. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2013. link 68 Bouwens MW, de Ridder R, Masclee AA, Driessen A, Riedl RG, Winkens B et al.. Optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps using high-definition i-scan: an educational experience. World journal of gastroenterology 2013. link 69 Ladabaum U, Fioritto A, Mitani A, Desai M, Kim JP, Rex DK et al.. Real-time optical biopsy of colon polyps with narrow band imaging in community practice does not yet meet key thresholds for clinical decisions. Gastroenterology 2013. link 70 Gellad ZF, Voils CI, Lin L, Provenzale D. Clinical practice variation in the management of diminutive colorectal polyps: results of a national survey of gastroenterologists. The American journal of gastroenterology 2013. link 71 Turner JK, Williams GT, Morgan M, Wright M, Dolwani S. Interobserver agreement in the reporting of colorectal polyp pathology among bowel cancer screening pathologists in Wales. Histopathology 2013. link 72 Lasisi F, Mouchli A, Riddell R, Goldblum JR, Cummings OW, Ulbright TM et al.. Agreement in interpreting villous elements and dysplasia in adenomas less than one centimetre in size. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2013. link 73 Kiran RP, Turina M, Hammel J, Fazio V. The clinical significance of an elevated postoperative glucose value in nondiabetic patients after colorectal surgery: evidence for the need for tight glucose control?. Annals of surgery 2013. link 74 Zapatier JA, Kumar AR, Perez A, Guevara R, Schneider A. Preferences for ethnicity and sex of endoscopists in a Hispanic population in the United States. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2011. link 75 Ignjatovic A, Thomas-Gibson S, East JE, Haycock A, Bassett P, Bhandari P et al.. Development and validation of a training module on the use of narrow-band imaging in differentiation of small adenomas from hyperplastic colorectal polyps. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2011. link 76 Paspatis GA, Tribonias G, Manolaraki MM, Konstantinidis K, Chainaki I, Theodoropoulou A et al.. Deep sedation compared with moderate sedation in polyp detection during colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2011. link 77 Sajid MS, Shakir AJ, Khatri K, Baig MK. Lithotomy-related neurovascular complications in the lower limbs after colorectal surgery. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2011. link 78 Spier BJ, Benson M, Pfau PR, Nelligan G, Lucey MR, Gaumnitz EA. Colonoscopy training in gastroenterology fellowships: determining competence. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2010. link 79 Lorenzo-Zúñiga V, Moreno de Vega V, Doménech E, Mañosa M, Planas R, Boix J. Endoscopist experience as a risk factor for colonoscopic complications. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2010. link 80 LeBlanc F, Champagne BJ, Augestad KM, Neary PC, Senagore AJ, Ellis CN et al.. A comparison of human cadaver and augmented reality simulator models for straight laparoscopic colorectal skills acquisition training. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2010. link 81 Raghavendra M, Hewett DG, Rex DK. Differentiating adenomas from hyperplastic colorectal polyps: narrow-band imaging can be learned in 20 minutes. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2010. link 82 Higashi R, Uraoka T, Kato J, Kuwaki K, Ishikawa S, Saito Y et al.. Diagnostic accuracy of narrow-band imaging and pit pattern analysis significantly improved for less-experienced endoscopists after an expanded training program. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2010. link 83 Kikuchi T, Fu KI, Saito Y, Uraoka T, Fukuzawa M, Fukunaga S et al.. Transcutaneous monitoring of partial pressure of carbon dioxide during endoscopic submucosal dissection of early colorectal neoplasia with carbon dioxide insufflation: a prospective study. Surgical endoscopy 2010. link 84 Milanchi S, Nasseri Y, Westhout F, Murrell ZA, Fleshner PR. Does prophylactic subcutaneous heparin increase the risk of wound infection after colorectal surgery?. The American surgeon 2010. link 85 Jiwa M, Arnet H, Bulsara M, Ee HC, Harwood A. What is the importance of the referral letter in the patient journey? A pilot survey in Western Australia. Quality in primary care 2009. link 86 Böttger TC, Hermeneit S, Müller M, Terzic A, Rodehorst A, Elad L et al.. Modifiable surgical and anesthesiologic risk factors for the development of cardiac and pulmonary complications after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Surgical endoscopy 2009. link 87 Cohen ME, Bilimoria KY, Ko CY, Richards K, Hall BL. Effect of subjective preoperative variables on risk-adjusted assessment of hospital morbidity and mortality. Annals of surgery 2009. link 88 Fry DE. Preventive systemic antibiotics in colorectal surgery. Surgical infections 2008. link 89 Kim DH, Pickhardt PJ, Taylor AJ, Menias CO. Imaging evaluation of complications at optical colonoscopy. Current problems in diagnostic radiology 2008. link 90 Gravante G, Caruso R, Andreani SM, Giordano P. Mechanical bowel preparation for colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis on abdominal and systemic complications on almost 5,000 patients. International journal of colorectal disease 2008. link 91 Rovera F, Dionigi G, Boni L, Alberio MG, Coglitore A, Carcano G et al.. Antibiotic prophylaxis and preoperative colorectal cleansing: are they useful?. Surgical oncology 2007. link 92 Charron P, Campbell R, Dejesus S, Gallagher J, Williamson P, Ferrara A. The gap in laparoscopic colorectal experience between colon and rectal and general surgery residency training programs. Diseases of the colon and rectum 2007. link 93 Levi Z, Rozen P, Hazazi R, Vilkin A, Waked A, Maoz E et al.. A quantitative immunochemical fecal occult blood test for colorectal neoplasia. Annals of internal medicine 2007. link 94 Kirk JA. How can we best detect hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer?. The Medical journal of Australia 2006. link 95 Goodfellow PB. Flexible sigmoidoscopy performed by nurses. Endoscopy 2006. link 96 Eisen GM. Chromoendoscopy of the colon. Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America 2004. link 97 Singh N, Harrison M, Rex DK. A survey of colonoscopic polypectomy practices among clinical gastroenterologists. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2004. link01808-5) 98 Vironen J, Kellokumpu S, Andersson LC, Kellokumpu I. Comparison of a peanut agglutinin test and an immunochemical faecal occult blood test in detecting colorectal neoplasia in symptomatic patients. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation 2004. link 99 Carlo JT, Lamont JP, McCarty TM, Livingston S, Kuhn JA. A prospective randomized trial demonstrating valved implantable ports have fewer complications and lower overall cost than nonvalved implantable ports. American journal of surgery 2004. link 100 Wong WM, Lam SK, Cheung KL, Tong TS, Rozen P, Young GP et al.. Evaluation of an automated immunochemical fecal occult blood test for colorectal neoplasia detection in a Chinese population. Cancer 2003. link