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Timothy syndrome

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Timothy syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a de novo Ca(V)1.2 missense mutation (G406R), leading to multiorgan dysfunction including lethal arrhythmias, syndactyly, congenital heart disease, immune deficiency, hypoglycemia, cognitive abnormalities, and autism 1.

Diagnosis

  • Genetic Testing: Identification of the G406R mutation in the Ca(V)1.2 gene 1.
  • Clinical Features: Presence of characteristic symptoms such as arrhythmias, webbing of fingers/toes, congenital heart defects, immune deficiencies, intermittent hypoglycemia, cognitive impairments, and autism spectrum disorder 1.
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): Often shows abnormalities indicative of prolonged Ca(2+) currents and repolarization issues 1.
  • Cardiac Imaging: Echocardiography or MRI to assess structural heart abnormalities 1.
  • Management

  • Arrhythmia Control: Beta-blockers and other antiarrhythmic drugs (specific dosing not detailed in abstracts) to manage cardiac arrhythmias 1.
  • Cardiac Monitoring: Frequent ECGs and Holter monitoring to detect and manage arrhythmias 1.
  • Immune Support: Immunoglobulin therapy for immune deficiencies 1.
  • Metabolic Management: Close monitoring and management of blood glucose levels to address hypoglycemia 1.
  • Developmental Support: Early intervention programs for cognitive and behavioral issues, including autism 1.
  • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary support crucial for managing developmental and cardiac issues 1.
  • Comorbidities: Focus on managing concurrent conditions like immune deficiencies alongside primary symptoms 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Genetic Testing for G406R Mutation: Essential for confirming diagnosis (Evidence: Strong 1).
  • Comprehensive Cardiac Monitoring: Regular ECGs and Holter monitoring to prevent and manage arrhythmias (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Multidisciplinary Care Approach: Include cardiology, immunology, endocrinology, and developmental specialists to address multifaceted symptoms (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).
  • References

    1 Splawski I, Timothy KW, Sharpe LM, Decher N, Kumar P, Bloise R et al.. Ca(V)1.2 calcium channel dysfunction causes a multisystem disorder including arrhythmia and autism. Cell 2004. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Ca(V)1.2 calcium channel dysfunction causes a multisystem disorder including arrhythmia and autism.Splawski I, Timothy KW, Sharpe LM, Decher N, Kumar P, Bloise R et al. Cell (2004)

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