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Childhood bronchiectasis

Last edited: 4/16/2026

Overview

Bronchiectasis in children is a chronic condition characterized by irreversible dilation of parts of the airways of the lung, leading to recurrent respiratory infections and impaired lung function. It often results from early childhood infections, genetic factors, or environmental exposures 2636.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Chronic cough, recurrent respiratory infections, hemoptysis, and breathlessness 26.
  • Imaging: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest is crucial for diagnosis, showing characteristic bronchial dilation and wall thickening 26.
  • Pulmonary Function Tests: Demonstrate airflow obstruction and impaired gas exchange 26.
  • Sputum Analysis: To identify pathogens and assess for chronic infection 26.
  • Bronchoscopy: May be necessary in complex cases to obtain samples and assess airway pathology 26.

    • Management

  • Antibiotics: For acute exacerbations, typically targeting common pathogens like Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae 26.
  • Airway Clearance Techniques: Including physiotherapy and devices to help clear secretions 26.
  • Inhaled Medications: Bronchodilators and corticosteroids to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation 26.
  • Immunizations: Ensuring up-to-date vaccinations, particularly against pneumococcus and influenza 26.
  • Nutritional Support: Ensuring adequate nutrition to support overall health and recovery 26.
  • Regular Monitoring: Periodic follow-ups with pulmonology to assess disease progression and adjust management 26.

    • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to prevent long-term complications 26.
  • Comorbidities: Management must consider coexisting conditions like asthma or immunodeficiency, which can complicate bronchiectasis 26.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Utilize HRCT for definitive diagnosis of bronchiectasis in children (Evidence: Strong 26).
  • Implement airway clearance techniques as part of routine management to improve respiratory outcomes (Evidence: Moderate 26).
  • Ensure comprehensive immunization against common respiratory pathogens to reduce exacerbation frequency (Evidence: Moderate 26).
  • Regular pulmonary function testing to monitor disease progression and response to treatment (Evidence: Moderate 26).
  • Provide nutritional support tailored to individual needs to enhance overall health status (Evidence: Moderate 26).
  • Screen for and manage comorbid conditions that may impact bronchiectasis severity and management (Evidence: Moderate 26).

    • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 109 indexed papers.

    1 Xu H, Hu J. Research on children's health prediction based on Improved Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm-Random Forest model. Medicine 2026. link 2 Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lu R, Zhao A, Ning Z, Wang D et al.. The impact of maternal sleep during pregnancy on childhood health: A systematic review. Sleep medicine reviews 2025. link 3 Hossain R, Faruk MO, Begum N. Determinants of child physical health development in Bangladesh: a study of key socioeconomic and cultural influences. BMC public health 2025. link 4 Tian G, He S, Cui Y, Zhou F, Ma Y, Yang W et al.. Disability weights measurement for 148 childhood health statuses in Hunan, China: a study based on face-to-face surveys. Population health metrics 2025. link 5 Acheampong PR, Mohammed A, Twumasi-Ankrah S, Sylverken AA, Owusu M, Adjei TK et al.. Effect of a mobile phone-based interactive voice response on common childhood illnesses in Ghana: a quasi-experimental study. Reproductive health 2025. link 6 Matsumoto N, Suzuki E, Takao S, Nakaya T, Kawachi I, Yorifuji T. Area Deprivation and Health Outcomes in Preschool Children in Japan: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Journal of epidemiology 2025. link 7 Lê-Scherban F, Coleman SM, Fusfeld Z, Frank DA, Poblacion A, Black MM et al.. Maternal adverse childhood experiences and lifetime experiences of racial discrimination: Associations with current household hardships and intergenerational health. Social science & medicine (1982) 2025. link 8 Lorentzen JC, Georgellis A, Albin M, Jonsson M. Residential overcrowding in relation to children's health, environment and schooling - a qualitative study. Scandinavian journal of public health 2024. link 9 Sanglard G, Cosati LCM. [Fernandes Figueira and children's health in Rio de Janeiro, 1880-1930]. Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos 2024. link 10 Lyons K, Schmid KK, Ratnapradipa KL, Tibbits M, Watanabe-Galloway S. Comparing bullying to ACEs in the national survey of children's health: Examining 2016-2019 prevalence trends among children and adolescents. Child abuse & neglect 2024. link 11 Mokin ED, Achkasov EE, Nikitin MV, Mokina NA, Yashkov AV, Gil'mutdinova LT. [Historical aspects of the formation and development of children's health resort medicine in the Samara region]. Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury 2024. link 12 Ngere S, Maixenchs M, Khagayi S, Otieno P, Ochola K, Akoth K et al.. Health care-seeking behavior for childhood illnesses in western Kenya: Qualitative findings from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Study. Gates open research 2024. link 13 Crouch E, Radcliff E, Probst J. Changes in Positive Childhood Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Academic pediatrics 2024. link 14 Calik A, Liu HM, Montgomery A, Honisett S, Van Munster KA, Morris T et al.. Moving from idea to reality: The barriers and enablers to implementing Child and Family Hubs policy into practice in NSW, Australia. Health research policy and systems 2024. link 15 Dadi AF, Ahmed KY, Berhane Y, Bizuayehu HM, Tesema GA, Hassen TA et al.. Intimate partner violence and childhood health outcomes in 37 sub-Saharan African countries: an analysis of demographic health survey data from 2011 to 2022. The Lancet. Global health 2024. link00313-9) 16 Ding G, Gao Y, Kan H, Zeng Q, Yan C, Li F et al.. Environmental exposure and child health in China. Environment international 2024. link 17 Stacy C, Amélie C, Blanche W, Audrey R, Margaux S, Simon P et al.. A plausibility database summarizing the level of evidence regarding the hazards induced by the exposome on children health. International journal of hygiene and environmental health 2024. link 18 Hock ES, Blank L, Fairbrother H, Clowes M, Cuevas DC, Booth A et al.. Exploring the impact of housing insecurity on the health and wellbeing of children and young people in the United Kingdom: a qualitative systematic review. BMC public health 2024. link 19 Eismann EA, Zhang B, Fenchel M, Folger AT, Huynh J, Bailey JM et al.. Impact of Screening and Co-located Parent Coaching Within Pediatric Primary Care on Child Health Care Use: A Stepped Wedge Design. Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research 2023. link 20 Fueta PO. The paucity of pediatric emergency medicine fellowship training programs in Africa. Annals of African medicine 2023. link 21 Eze JN, Edelu BO, Ndu IK, Oguonu T. Paediatric emergency medicine practice in Nigeria: a narrative review. BMC emergency medicine 2023. link 22 Jones MS, Hoffmann JP. Measuring adverse childhood experiences with latent class trajectories. Child abuse & neglect 2023. link 23 Obasohan PE, Walters SJ, Jacques R, Khatab K. Risk Factors Associated with Multimorbidity among Children Aged Under-Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Scoping Review. International journal of environmental research and public health 2023. link 24 Hughes PM, Graaf G, deJong NA, Thomas KC. Emotional Support Among Parents of Children With Adverse Childhood Experiences. Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners 2023. link 25 Elenwo C, Hendrix-Dicken A, Lin V, Gatewood A, Chesher T, Escala M et al.. Racial discrimination among children in the United States from 2016 to 2020: an analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health. Journal of osteopathic medicine 2023. link 26 Long D, Hessler D, Koita K, Bucci M, Benson M, Gilgoff R et al.. Screening for adverse childhood experiences in pediatrics: A randomized trial of aggregate-level versus item-level response screening formats. PloS one 2022. link 27 O' Brien N, Quinn N, Joyce B, Hayes AM, Bedford H, Crushell E. Parental Perceptions Regarding the Impact of Housing on Child Health. Irish medical journal 2022. link 28 Tette EMA, Intiful FD, Asare AA, Enos JY. Pregnancy as a Fundamental Determinant of Child Health: a Review. Current nutrition reports 2022. link 29 Anyigbo C, Jimenez ME, Sosnowski DW. Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences at Age 5 Years and Healthcare Utilization at Age 9 Years. The Journal of pediatrics 2022. link 30 Buysse CA, Bentley B, Baer LG, Feldman HM. Community ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) Project Promotes Cross-Sector Collaboration and Evidence-Based Trauma-Informed Care. Maternal and child health journal 2022. link 31 Shonkoff JP, Boyce WT, Bush NR, Gunnar MR, Hensch TK, Levitt P et al.. Translating the Biology of Adversity and Resilience Into New Measures for Pediatric Practice. Pediatrics 2022. link 32 Folkers C, Gunter LP. Radioactive releases from the nuclear power sector and implications for child health. BMJ paediatrics open 2022. link 33 Ngere SH, Akelo V, Ondeng'e K, Ridzon R, Otieno P, Nyanjom M et al.. Traditional Medicine Beliefs and Practices among Caregivers of Children under Five Years-The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS), Western Kenya: A qualitative study. PloS one 2022. link 34 Forkey H, Szilagyi M, Kelly ET, Duffee J. Trauma-Informed Care. Pediatrics 2021. link 35 Schacter HL. Effects of Peer Victimization on Child and Adolescent Physical Health. Pediatrics 2021. link 36 Lloyd MC, Ratner J, La Charite J, Ortiz R, Tackett S, Feldman L et al.. Addressing Trauma and Building Resilience in Children and Families: Standardized Patient Cases for Pediatric Residents. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources 2021. link 37 Baiden P, LaBrenz CA, Thrasher S, Asiedua-Baiden G, Harerimana B. Adverse childhood experiences and household food insecurity among children aged 0-5 years in the USA. Public health nutrition 2021. link 38 Jiang M, Ma Y, Li M, Meng R, Ma A, Chen P. A comparison of self-reported and proxy-reported health utilities in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health and quality of life outcomes 2021. link 39 Du C, Li B, Yu W, Cai J, Wang L, Li X et al.. Evaluating the effect of building construction periods on household dampness/mold and childhood diseases corresponding to different energy efficiency design requirements. Indoor air 2021. link 40 Omer K, Joga A, Dutse U, Hasan K, Aziz A, Ansari U et al.. Impact of universal home visits on child health in Bauchi State, Nigeria: a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC health services research 2021. link 41 Calthorpe LM, Pantell MS. Differences in the prevalence of childhood adversity by geography in the 2017-18 National Survey of Children's Health. Child abuse & neglect 2021. link 42 Noel-London K, Ortiz K, BeLue R. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) & youth sports participation: Does a gradient exist?. Child abuse & neglect 2021. link 43 Kim JH, Lee SW, Lee JE, Ha EK, Han MY, Lee E. Breastmilk Feeding during the First 4 to 6 Months of Age and Childhood Disease Burden until 10 Years of Age. Nutrients 2021. link 44 Jackson DB, Testa A, Fox B. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Digital Media Use Among U.S. Children. American journal of preventive medicine 2021. link 45 Schweer-Collins M, Lanier P. Health Care Access and Quality Among Children Exposed to Adversity: Implications for Universal Screening of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Maternal and child health journal 2021. link 46 Crouch E, Radcliff E, Merrell MA, Brown MJ, Ingram LA, Probst J. Racial/ethnic differences in positive childhood experiences across a national sample. Child abuse & neglect 2021. link 47 Anyigbo C, Tarini BA, Wang J, Lanier P. Clusters of adverse childhood experiences and unmet need for care coordination. Child abuse & neglect 2021. link 48 Fleming M, McLay JS, Clark D, King A, Mackay DF, Minnis H et al.. Educational and health outcomes of schoolchildren in local authority care in Scotland: A retrospective record linkage study. PLoS medicine 2021. link 49 Lorentz KO, Lemmers SAM, Chrysostomou C, Dirks W, Zaruri RM, Foruzanfar F et al.. First permanent molars with accentuated line patterns: Assessment of childhood health in an urban complex of the fifth millennium before the present. Archives of oral biology 2021. link 50 Allik M, Brown D, Taylor Browne Lūka C, Macintyre C, Leyland AH, Henderson M. Cohort profile: The 'Children's Health in Care in Scotland' (CHiCS) study-a longitudinal dataset to compare health outcomes for care experienced children and general population children. BMJ open 2021. link 51 Shackleton N, Li E, Gibb S, Kvalsvig A, Baker M, Sporle A et al.. The relationship between income poverty and child hospitalisations in New Zealand: Evidence from longitudinal household panel data and Census data. PloS one 2021. link 52 Mao L, Guo J, Hu L, Li L, Bennett S, Xu J et al.. Circular RNAs in childhood-related diseases and cancers: A review. Cell biochemistry and function 2021. link 53 Darivemula SB, Nagoor K, John KR, Kahn PS, Chittooru CS. Morbidity profile of children from birth to 18 years of age referred for intervention to the district early intervention centre in a District Hospital, Andhra Pradesh. Indian journal of public health 2020. link 54 Smith-Greenaway E. Does Parents' Union Instability Disrupt Intergenerational Advantage? An Analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa. Demography 2020. link 55 Ribeiro AI, Fraga S, Correia-Costa L, McCrory C, Barros H. Socioeconomic disadvantage and health in early childhood: a population-based birth cohort study from Portugal. Pediatric research 2020. link 56 Thompson LA, Filipp SL, Mack JA, Mercado RE, Barnes A, Bright M et al.. Specific adverse childhood experiences and their association with other adverse childhood experiences, asthma and emotional, developmental and behavioral problems in childhood. Pediatric research 2020. link 57 Kunwar R, Vajdic CM, Muscatello DJ. Parental international migration is not associated with improved health care seeking for common childhood illnesses and nutritional status of young children left-behind in Nepal. Public health 2020. link 58 García Sierra AM, Ocampo Cañas JA. Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses implementation-related factors at 18 Colombian cities. BMC public health 2020. link 59 Haryanto B. Indonesia: country report on children's environmental health. Reviews on environmental health 2020. link 60 Nakphong MK, von Ehrenstein OS. Intimate partner violence and childhood illnesses in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study. Archives of disease in childhood 2020. link 61 Kananura RM, Leone T, Nareeba T, Kajungu D, Waiswa P, Gjonca A. Under 10 mortality patterns, risk factors, and mechanisms in low resource settings of Eastern Uganda: An analysis of event history demographic and verbal social autopsy data. PloS one 2020. link 62 Orr C, Fisher CM, Preen DB, Glauert RA, O'Donnell M. Exposure to family and domestic violence is associated with increased childhood hospitalisations. PloS one 2020. link 63 Dowd MD. The Relevance of Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences in Pediatric Practice. Pediatric annals 2019. link 64 Gentner MB, Leppert MLO. Environmental influences on health and development: nutrition, substance exposure, and adverse childhood experiences. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2019. link 65 Blair A, Marryat L, Frank J. How community resources mitigate the association between household poverty and the incidence of adverse childhood experiences. International journal of public health 2019. link 66 Goga A, Feucht U, Zar HJ, Vanker A, Wiysonge CS, McKerrow N et al.. Neonatal, infant and child health in South Africa: Reflecting on the past towards a better future. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde 2019. link 67 Moncayo AL, Granizo G, Grijalva MJ, Rasella D. Strong effect of Ecuador's conditional cash transfer program on childhood mortality from poverty-related diseases: a nationwide analysis. BMC public health 2019. link 68 Cooper DM. Exercise Science and Child Health: A Tale of Many Journeys. Pediatric exercise science 2019. link 69 Jackson DB, Chilton M, Johnson KR, Vaughn MG. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Household Food Insecurity: Findings From the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health. American journal of preventive medicine 2019. link 70 Salzberg NT, Sivalogan K, Bassat Q, Taylor AW, Adedini S, El Arifeen S et al.. Mortality Surveillance Methods to Identify and Characterize Deaths in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network Sites. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2019. link 71 Walsh M, Joyce S, Maloney T, Vaithianathan R. Adverse childhood experiences and school readiness outcomes: results from the Growing Up in New Zealand study. The New Zealand medical journal 2019. link 72 Alene M, Yismaw L, Berelie Y, Kassie B. Health care utilization for common childhood illnesses in rural parts of Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. BMC public health 2019. link 73 Helldén D, Källander K, Peterson S, Alfvén T. [Integrated Community Case Management - one piece of the puzzle to achieve the ambitious global goals for child health]. Lakartidningen 2019. link 74 Bloom BE, Alcalá HE, Delva J. Early life adversity, use of specialist care and unmet specialist care need among children. Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community 2019. link 75 Arregoces L, Hughes R, Milner KM, Ponce Hardy V, Tann C, Upadhyay A et al.. Accountability for funds for Nurturing Care: what can we measure?. Archives of disease in childhood 2019. link 76 Šumilo D, Nirantharakumar K, Willis BH, Rudge G, Martin J, Gokhale K et al.. Long-term impact of giving antibiotics before skin incision versus after cord clamping on children born by caesarean section: protocol for a longitudinal study based on UK electronic health records. BMJ open 2019. link 77 Zhuang L, Chen H, Zhang S, Zhuang J, Li Q, Feng Z. Intestinal Microbiota in Early Life and Its Implications on Childhood Health. Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics 2019. link 78 Murphy RA. How Medicaid and Managed Care Can Support Evidence-Based Treatment in North Carolina That is Informed by Adverse Childhood Experiences. North Carolina medical journal 2018. link 79 Kimple KS, Kansagra SM. Responding to Adverse Childhood Experiences: It Takes a Village. North Carolina medical journal 2018. link 80 Koss KJ, Gunnar MR. Annual Research Review: Early adversity, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and child psychopathology. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines 2018. link 81 Murray JS. Toxic stress and child refugees. Journal for specialists in pediatric nursing : JSPN 2018. link 82 Lasseter G, Al-Janabi H, Trotter CL, Carroll FE, Christensen H. The views of the general public on prioritising vaccination programmes against childhood diseases: A qualitative study. PloS one 2018. link 83 Thurston H, Bell JF, Induni M. Community-level Adverse Experiences and Emotional Regulation in Children and Adolescents. Journal of pediatric nursing 2018. link 84 Tahsina T, Ali NB, Siddique MAB, Ahmed S, Rahman M, Islam S et al.. Determinants of hardship financing in coping with out of pocket payment for care seeking of under five children in selected rural areas of Bangladesh. PloS one 2018. link 85 Ogundele OA, Ogundele T. Analysis of the Effect of Health Education Activities on Selected Child Health Determinants in Two Communities of Ile Ife, Nigeria. Ethiopian journal of health sciences 2018. link 86 Lê-Scherban F, Wang X, Boyle-Steed KH, Pachter LM. Intergenerational Associations of Parent Adverse Childhood Experiences and Child Health Outcomes. Pediatrics 2018. link 87 Gaufin T, Tobin NH, Aldrovandi GM. The importance of the microbiome in pediatrics and pediatric infectious diseases. Current opinion in pediatrics 2018. link 88 Jung EM, Jagals P, Brereton C, Sly PD, Kim R, Kim EM et al.. Children's Environmental Health Indicators in Context of the Sustainable Development Goals for Small Island Developing States. International journal of environmental research and public health 2018. link 89 Koulidiati JL, Nesbitt RC, Ouedraogo N, Hien H, Robyn PJ, Compaoré P et al.. Measuring effective coverage of curative child health services in rural Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open 2018. link 90 Chen YJ, Liu M, Mao CY, Zhang SH. An Investigation of Vitamin Levels Status in the Serum of Children in China. BioMed research international 2018. link 91 Kettner LO, Henriksen TB, Bay B, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Kesmodel US. Assisted reproductive technology and somatic morbidity in childhood: a systematic review. Fertility and sterility 2015. link 92 Caffarelli C, Santamaria F, Vottero A, Dascola CP, Mirra V, Sperli F et al.. Progress in pediatrics in 2013: choices in allergology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hypertension, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition and respiratory tract illnesses. Italian journal of pediatrics 2014. link 93 Bellis JR, Kirkham JJ, Nunn AJ, Pirmohamed M. Adverse drug reactions and off-label and unlicensed medicines in children: a prospective cohort study of unplanned admissions to a paediatric hospital. British journal of clinical pharmacology 2014. link 94 Morrongiello BA, Zdzieborski D, Stewart J. Supervision of children in agricultural settings: implications for injury risk and prevention. Journal of agromedicine 2012. link 95 Mason J, Pirmohamed M, Nunn T. Off-label and unlicensed medicine use and adverse drug reactions in children: a narrative review of the literature. European journal of clinical pharmacology 2012. link 96 Fiks AG. Designing computerized decision support that works for clinicians and families. Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care 2011. link 97 Schaller JG, Lie SO, Hoppu K. Symposium on Better Medicines for Children: report from the 25th International Congress of Pediatrics, Athens, Greece. Paediatric drugs 2007. link 98 Sharieff GQ, Benjamin L, Mace S, Sacchetti A. 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    Original source

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