Overview
Superficial perineal injuries, such as tears or episiotomies, can occur during childbirth 1. Infection is a potential complication of these injuries, although the provided abstracts do not detail its specific presentation or management.Diagnosis
No diagnostic criteria for superficial perineal injury with infection are provided in the abstracts.Management
Antenatal perineal massage (APM) is discussed as a method to potentially reduce the rate of perineal injuries during childbirth 1.
APM is typically performed from 34 weeks of pregnancy until delivery, with variations in technique, duration, and frequency reported 1.Special Populations
Pregnancy: Antenatal perineal massage is suggested to potentially lower the rate of perineal injuries and postpartum pain 1.Key Recommendations
Antenatal perineal massage may be beneficial for women during labor and the postpartum period, potentially leading to a lower rate of perineal injuries and reduced pain 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
The effectiveness and optimal protocol for antenatal perineal massage may vary due to differences in timing, duration, frequency, and patient instruction across studies 1. (Evidence: Weak)References
1 Milka W, Paradowska W, Kołomańska-Bogucka D, Mazur-Bialy AI. Antenatal perineal massage - risk of perineal injuries, pain, urinary incontinence and dyspereunia - a systematic review. Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction 2023. link