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Parametritis following ectopic pregnancy

Last edited: 4/13/2026

Overview

Parametritis following ectopic pregnancy refers to inflammation of the parametrium, often resulting from spillage of ectopic contents during surgical intervention or spontaneous rupture. It can lead to significant morbidity if not promptly recognized and managed 25.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical signs include pelvic pain, fever, and signs of peritonitis post-surgery 25.
  • Imaging (transvaginal ultrasound) may show fluid collections or thickened parametrial tissues 1827.
  • Laboratory markers: Elevated white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and inflammatory cytokines 25.
  • Culdocentesis may reveal ectopic content spillage if performed 33.

    • Management

  • Surgical: Laparoscopic or open surgical drainage and debridement of infected tissue 25.
  • Antibiotics: Broad-spectrum coverage initially, tailored based on culture results 25.
  • Supportive Care: Fluid resuscitation, pain management, and close monitoring for sepsis 25.
  • Follow-up: Regular clinical assessments and imaging to ensure resolution of inflammation 25.

    • Special Populations

  • Comorbidities: Increased vigilance in managing sepsis and complications in patients with underlying conditions like renal disease 62 (Evidence: Moderate).

    • Key Recommendations

  • Prompt surgical intervention for suspected parametritis to prevent sepsis 25 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately post-surgery and adjust based on culture results 25 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Implement rigorous postoperative monitoring for signs of infection and sepsis 25 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Consider transvaginal ultrasound for early detection of complications like parametritis 1827 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • Tailor management in special populations with comorbidities, focusing on comprehensive supportive care 62 (Evidence: Moderate).

    • References

    1 Saxena M, Kass D, Choo E. Impact of Dobbs on Evaluation and Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy: National Survey of Emergency Physicians. The western journal of emergency medicine 2025. link 2 Jeffers K, Koyfman A, Long B. Updates in emergency medicine: Ectopic pregnancy. The American journal of emergency medicine 2024. link 3 Wang L, Cai C, Huang L, Shi D, Chen Q, Chen Y et al.. Safety profile of methotrexate used off-label in ectopic pregnancy: an active monitoring study based on a Chinese hospital pharmacovigilance system. Current medical research and opinion 2024. link 4 Munzar Z, Afridi KD, Amin F, Habib F. Retroperitoneal Ectopic Pregnancy Presenting as a Massive Retroperitoneal Hematoma. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2022. link 5 Po L, Thomas J, Mills K, Zakhari A, Tulandi T, Shuman M et al.. Guideline No. 414: Management of Pregnancy of Unknown Location and Tubal and Nontubal Ectopic Pregnancies. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2021. link 6 Barg M, Rotem R, Mor P, Rottenstreich M, Khatib F, Grisaru-Granovsky S et al.. Delayed presentation of ectopic pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study of a collateral effect. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2021. link 7 Rajadurai SM, Wong A, Brooks DM, Vance C. Combined interventional radiology and surgical management of a complex caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology 2021. link 8 Bárta J, Klát J. Bilateral simultaneous tubal pregnancy. Ceska gynekologie 2020. link 9 Acharya I, Thapa S. Surgical Emergencies among Gynecological Surgeries in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association 2020. link 10 Kemper JM, Wang HTY, Ong AGJ, Mol BW, Rolnik DL. The quality and utility of research in ectopic pregnancy in the last three decades: An analysis of the published literature. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2020. link 11 Mokhtari Zanjani P, Ahmadnia E, Kharaghani R. Ectopic pregnancy rate in Iranian midwifery clients and infertile patients treated by assisted reproductive technologies. Journal of evidence-based medicine 2019. link 12 Robertson JJ, Long B, Koyfman A. Emergency Medicine Myths: Ectopic Pregnancy Evaluation, Risk Factors, and Presentation. The Journal of emergency medicine 2017. link 13 Maurice P, Dhombres F, Blondiaux E, Friszer S, Guilbaud L, Lelong N et al.. Towards ontology-based decision support systems for complex ultrasound diagnosis in obstetrics and gynecology. Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction 2017. link 14 Fornazari VA, Szejnfeld D, Elito Júnior J, Goldman SM. Interventional radiology and endovascular surgery in the treatment of ectopic pregnancies. Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2015. link 15 Tan TL, Khoo CL, Sawant S. Impact of consultant-led care in early pregnancy unit. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2014. link 16 Christopoulos G, Kelly T, Lavery S, Trew G. Surgical skills of specialty trainees in emergency gynaecological laparoscopic procedures: a national UK survey. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2014. link 17 Taheri M, Bharathan R, Subramaniam A, Kelly T. A United Kingdom national survey of trends in ectopic pregnancy management. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2014. link 18 MacVane CZ, Irish CB, Strout TD, Owens WB. Implementation of transvaginal ultrasound in an emergency department residency program: an analysis of resident interpretation. The Journal of emergency medicine 2012. link 19 Blaivas M, Pawl R. Analysis of lawsuits filed against emergency physicians for point-of-care emergency ultrasound examination performance and interpretation over a 20-year period. The American journal of emergency medicine 2012. link 20 Stulberg DB, Dude AM, Dahlquist I, Curlin FA. Obstetrician-gynecologists, religious institutions, and conflicts regarding patient-care policies. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2012. link 21 Scholes D, Yu O, Raebel MA, Trabert B, Holt VL. Improving automated case finding for ectopic pregnancy using a classification algorithm. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 2011. link 22 Girzadas DV, Antonis MS, Zerth H, Lambert M, Clay L, Bose S et al.. Hybrid simulation combining a high fidelity scenario with a pelvic ultrasound task trainer enhances the training and evaluation of endovaginal ultrasound skills. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2009. link 23 Thia EW, Loi K, Wang JJ, Siow A. Methotrexate treatment for ectopic pregnancy at the KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. Singapore medical journal 2009. link 24 Das S, Kalyani R, Lakshmi V, Harendra Kumar ML. Ovarian pregnancy. Indian journal of pathology & microbiology 2008. link 25 Salman G, Irvine LM. Ectopic pregnancy, the need for standardisation of rate. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2008. link 26 Moore C, Todd WM, O'Brien E, Lin H. Free fluid in Morison's pouch on bedside ultrasound predicts need for operative intervention in suspected ectopic pregnancy. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2007. link 27 Adhikari S, Blaivas M, Lyon M. Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy using bedside transvaginal ultrasonography in the ED: a 2-year experience. The American journal of emergency medicine 2007. link 28 Abidi A, Gordon R, Harman MB, Pinto M. Ovarian pregnancy without definitive pathologic confirmation: a case report. The Journal of reproductive medicine 2007. link 29 O'Leary S, Diepenhorst L, Churley-Strom R, Magrane D. Educational games in an obstetrics and gynecology core curriculum. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2005. link 30 Dussoix P, Hagelberg T, Vermeulen B. An unusual case of syncope. European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine 2004. link 31 Kirk E, Condous G, Bourne T. Ectopic pregnancy deaths: what should we be doing?. Hospital medicine (London, England : 1998) 2004. link 32 Subair O, Omojole F, Mistry N, Morgan H. Trainees and the management of ectopic pregnancy. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2004. link 33 Nadarajah S, Sim LN, Loh SF. Laparoscopic management of an ovarian pregnancy. Singapore medical journal 2002. link 34 Jashnani KD, Walawalkar SJ, Naik LP, Dalal AR. Ectopic ovarian pregnancy--a case report. Indian journal of pathology & microbiology 2000. link 35 Moore L. Ectopic pregnancy. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) 1998. link 36 Ogunniyi SO, Makinde ON, Adeniyi AE, Sanusi YO, Lawal OO. Ectopic pregnancy involving the rectum. Tropical doctor 1998. link 37 Hambartsoumian E. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) production by human decidua and its relationship with pregnancy hormones. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 1998. link 38 Nadel E, Talbot-Stern J. Obstetric and gynecologic emergencies. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 1997. link70306-0) 39 Jongen VH. Autotransfusion and ectopic pregnancy: an experience from Tanzania. Tropical doctor 1997. link 40 Ander DS, Ward KR. Medical management of ectopic pregnancy--the role of methotrexate. The Journal of emergency medicine 1997. link00316-2) 41 Vu K, Gehlbach DL, Rosa C. Operative laparoscopy for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy in a residency program. The Journal of reproductive medicine 1996. link 42 Centini G, Rosignoli L, Severi FM. A case of cervical pregnancy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 1994. link90484-7) 43 Rolnick S, Madden J, Stukel J, Kopher R. Decrease in the rate of ruptured ectopic pregnancies: a successful team approach. HMO practice 1994. link 44 Singhal AM, Chin VP. Unilateral triplet ectopic pregnancy. A case report. The Journal of reproductive medicine 1992. link 45 Laskey J, Wood PB. Ectopic pregnancies and intraoperative autotransfusion. Tropical doctor 1991. link 46 Kullander S, Maltau JM. Treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy by an hysteroscopic procedure. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 1991. link 47 Mathelier AC. Fertility after bilateral tubal pregnancy--modern treatment considerations. International journal of fertility 1990. link 48 Nilsson BG, Gerdes U. Ovarian and intra-uterine pregnancy combined. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 1988. link 49 Creasy GW, Morgan J. Hemolytic uremic syndrome after ectopic pregnancy: postectopic nephrosclerosis. Obstetrics and gynecology 1987. link 50 Printer KD. Co-existent intrauterine and ectopic tubal pregnancy. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 1987. link 51 Russo JF, Filkins K, Nimmo R. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of unruptured interstitial pregnancy. A case report. The Journal of reproductive medicine 1986. link 52 Schwartz Z, Katz Z, Lancet M, Bernstein D. Tubal pregnancy with patent tube diagnosed by hysterosalpingography. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 1986. link90160-8) 53 Mittal S, Grover V, Dhall K, Dhall GI, Gupta AN. Culdocentesis in tubal pregnancy. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 1985. link 54 Glover DD, Scott-Conner C, Chaffin DL. Interstitial pregnancy. A case report. The Journal of reproductive medicine 1985. link 55 Grazi RV, Demopoulos RI. Ruptured tubal pregnancy with contralateral tubal infarction. A case report. The Journal of reproductive medicine 1984. link 56 Goldberger SB, Levy NB, Margolius K. Bilateral unruptured tubal pregnancies. A case report. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde 1984. link 57 Zakut H, Fiengold M, Lipnitzky W. Unilateral tubal pregnancy of twins. Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology 1983. link 58 McPherson S, Houlihan B. A case of cornual pregnancy. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 1979. link 59 Ringrose CA. The occurrence of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies in women with an intrauterine device. Journal of reproduction and fertility 1979. link 60 Luwuliza-Kirunda JM. Primary hepatic pregnancy. Case report. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 1978. link 61 Kasby C, Krins A. Primary peritoneal pregnancy in association with intrauterine contraceptive devices: two case reports. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 1978. link 62 Scott JR, Cruikshank DP, Corry RJ. Ectopic pregnancy in kidney transplant patients. A diagnostic challenge. Obstetrics and gynecology 1978. link 63 Mankodi RC, Sankari K, Bhatt SM. Primary splenic pregnancy. Case report. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 1977. link 64 Pasternak BM. Uteroenteric fistula due to advanced extrauterine pregnancy. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 1977. link 65 Timor-Tritsch I, Paldi E. Tubal pregnancy treated by salpingectomy using operative culdoscopy. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 1975. link 66 Roberts-Thomson K. Ectopic gestation in the Highlands. Papua and New Guinea medical journal 1974. link 67 Thomas M. An unexpected abdominal mass. Postgraduate medical journal 1973. link 68 Khan AA. Triplets--one ectopic, two intrauterine. Postgraduate medical journal 1973. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Impact of Dobbs on Evaluation and Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy: National Survey of Emergency Physicians. — Saxena M, Kass D, Choo E The western journal of emergency medicine (2025)
    2. [2]
      Updates in emergency medicine: Ectopic pregnancy. — Jeffers K, Koyfman A, Long B The American journal of emergency medicine (2024)
    3. [3]
      Safety profile of methotrexate used off-label in ectopic pregnancy: an active monitoring study based on a Chinese hospital pharmacovigilance system. — Wang L, Cai C, Huang L, Shi D, Chen Q, Chen Y et al. Current medical research and opinion (2024)
    4. [4]
      Retroperitoneal Ectopic Pregnancy Presenting as a Massive Retroperitoneal Hematoma. — Munzar Z, Afridi KD, Amin F, Habib F Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2022)
    5. [5]
      Guideline No. 414: Management of Pregnancy of Unknown Location and Tubal and Nontubal Ectopic Pregnancies. — Po L, Thomas J, Mills K, Zakhari A, Tulandi T, Shuman M et al. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC (2021)
    6. [6]
      Delayed presentation of ectopic pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study of a collateral effect. — Barg M, Rotem R, Mor P, Rottenstreich M, Khatib F, Grisaru-Granovsky S et al. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2021)
    7. [7]
      Combined interventional radiology and surgical management of a complex caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. — Rajadurai SM, Wong A, Brooks DM, Vance C Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology (2021)
    8. [8]
      Bilateral simultaneous tubal pregnancy. — Bárta J, Klát J Ceska gynekologie (2020)
    9. [9]
      Surgical Emergencies among Gynecological Surgeries in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. — Acharya I, Thapa S JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association (2020)
    10. [10]
      The quality and utility of research in ectopic pregnancy in the last three decades: An analysis of the published literature. — Kemper JM, Wang HTY, Ong AGJ, Mol BW, Rolnik DL European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology (2020)
    11. [11]
      Ectopic pregnancy rate in Iranian midwifery clients and infertile patients treated by assisted reproductive technologies. — Mokhtari Zanjani P, Ahmadnia E, Kharaghani R Journal of evidence-based medicine (2019)
    12. [12]
      Emergency Medicine Myths: Ectopic Pregnancy Evaluation, Risk Factors, and Presentation. — Robertson JJ, Long B, Koyfman A The Journal of emergency medicine (2017)
    13. [13]
      Towards ontology-based decision support systems for complex ultrasound diagnosis in obstetrics and gynecology. — Maurice P, Dhombres F, Blondiaux E, Friszer S, Guilbaud L, Lelong N et al. Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction (2017)
    14. [14]
      Interventional radiology and endovascular surgery in the treatment of ectopic pregnancies. — Fornazari VA, Szejnfeld D, Elito Júnior J, Goldman SM Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) (2015)
    15. [15]
      Impact of consultant-led care in early pregnancy unit. — Tan TL, Khoo CL, Sawant S Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2014)
    16. [16]
      Surgical skills of specialty trainees in emergency gynaecological laparoscopic procedures: a national UK survey. — Christopoulos G, Kelly T, Lavery S, Trew G Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2014)
    17. [17]
      A United Kingdom national survey of trends in ectopic pregnancy management. — Taheri M, Bharathan R, Subramaniam A, Kelly T Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2014)
    18. [18]
      Implementation of transvaginal ultrasound in an emergency department residency program: an analysis of resident interpretation. — MacVane CZ, Irish CB, Strout TD, Owens WB The Journal of emergency medicine (2012)
    19. [19]
      Analysis of lawsuits filed against emergency physicians for point-of-care emergency ultrasound examination performance and interpretation over a 20-year period. — Blaivas M, Pawl R The American journal of emergency medicine (2012)
    20. [20]
      Obstetrician-gynecologists, religious institutions, and conflicts regarding patient-care policies. — Stulberg DB, Dude AM, Dahlquist I, Curlin FA American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2012)
    21. [21]
      Improving automated case finding for ectopic pregnancy using a classification algorithm. — Scholes D, Yu O, Raebel MA, Trabert B, Holt VL Human reproduction (Oxford, England) (2011)
    22. [22]
      Hybrid simulation combining a high fidelity scenario with a pelvic ultrasound task trainer enhances the training and evaluation of endovaginal ultrasound skills. — Girzadas DV, Antonis MS, Zerth H, Lambert M, Clay L, Bose S et al. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (2009)
    23. [23]
      Methotrexate treatment for ectopic pregnancy at the KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. — Thia EW, Loi K, Wang JJ, Siow A Singapore medical journal (2009)
    24. [24]
      Ovarian pregnancy. — Das S, Kalyani R, Lakshmi V, Harendra Kumar ML Indian journal of pathology & microbiology (2008)
    25. [25]
      Ectopic pregnancy, the need for standardisation of rate. — Salman G, Irvine LM Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2008)
    26. [26]
      Free fluid in Morison's pouch on bedside ultrasound predicts need for operative intervention in suspected ectopic pregnancy. — Moore C, Todd WM, O'Brien E, Lin H Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (2007)
    27. [27]
      Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy using bedside transvaginal ultrasonography in the ED: a 2-year experience. — Adhikari S, Blaivas M, Lyon M The American journal of emergency medicine (2007)
    28. [28]
      Ovarian pregnancy without definitive pathologic confirmation: a case report. — Abidi A, Gordon R, Harman MB, Pinto M The Journal of reproductive medicine (2007)
    29. [29]
      Educational games in an obstetrics and gynecology core curriculum. — O'Leary S, Diepenhorst L, Churley-Strom R, Magrane D American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2005)
    30. [30]
      An unusual case of syncope. — Dussoix P, Hagelberg T, Vermeulen B European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine (2004)
    31. [31]
      Ectopic pregnancy deaths: what should we be doing? — Kirk E, Condous G, Bourne T Hospital medicine (London, England : 1998) (2004)
    32. [32]
      Trainees and the management of ectopic pregnancy. — Subair O, Omojole F, Mistry N, Morgan H Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2004)
    33. [33]
      Laparoscopic management of an ovarian pregnancy. — Nadarajah S, Sim LN, Loh SF Singapore medical journal (2002)
    34. [34]
      Ectopic ovarian pregnancy--a case report. — Jashnani KD, Walawalkar SJ, Naik LP, Dalal AR Indian journal of pathology & microbiology (2000)
    35. [35]
      Ectopic pregnancy. — Moore L Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) (1998)
    36. [36]
      Ectopic pregnancy involving the rectum. — Ogunniyi SO, Makinde ON, Adeniyi AE, Sanusi YO, Lawal OO Tropical doctor (1998)
    37. [37]
      Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) production by human decidua and its relationship with pregnancy hormones. — Hambartsoumian E Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology (1998)
    38. [38]
      Obstetric and gynecologic emergencies. — Nadel E, Talbot-Stern J Emergency medicine clinics of North America (1997)
    39. [39]
      Autotransfusion and ectopic pregnancy: an experience from Tanzania. — Jongen VH Tropical doctor (1997)
    40. [40]
      Medical management of ectopic pregnancy--the role of methotrexate. — Ander DS, Ward KR The Journal of emergency medicine (1997)
    41. [41]
      Operative laparoscopy for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy in a residency program. — Vu K, Gehlbach DL, Rosa C The Journal of reproductive medicine (1996)
    42. [42]
      A case of cervical pregnancy. — Centini G, Rosignoli L, Severi FM American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (1994)
    43. [43]
      Decrease in the rate of ruptured ectopic pregnancies: a successful team approach. — Rolnick S, Madden J, Stukel J, Kopher R HMO practice (1994)
    44. [44]
      Unilateral triplet ectopic pregnancy. A case report. — Singhal AM, Chin VP The Journal of reproductive medicine (1992)
    45. [45]
      Ectopic pregnancies and intraoperative autotransfusion. — Laskey J, Wood PB Tropical doctor (1991)
    46. [46]
      Treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy by an hysteroscopic procedure. — Kullander S, Maltau JM Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica (1991)
    47. [47]
      Fertility after bilateral tubal pregnancy--modern treatment considerations. — Mathelier AC International journal of fertility (1990)
    48. [48]
      Ovarian and intra-uterine pregnancy combined. — Nilsson BG, Gerdes U Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica (1988)
    49. [49]
      Hemolytic uremic syndrome after ectopic pregnancy: postectopic nephrosclerosis. — Creasy GW, Morgan J Obstetrics and gynecology (1987)
    50. [50]
      Co-existent intrauterine and ectopic tubal pregnancy. — Printer KD Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps (1987)
    51. [51]
      Ultrasonographic diagnosis of unruptured interstitial pregnancy. A case report. — Russo JF, Filkins K, Nimmo R The Journal of reproductive medicine (1986)
    52. [52]
      Tubal pregnancy with patent tube diagnosed by hysterosalpingography. — Schwartz Z, Katz Z, Lancet M, Bernstein D International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (1986)
    53. [53]
      Culdocentesis in tubal pregnancy. — Mittal S, Grover V, Dhall K, Dhall GI, Gupta AN The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology (1985)
    54. [54]
      Interstitial pregnancy. A case report. — Glover DD, Scott-Conner C, Chaffin DL The Journal of reproductive medicine (1985)
    55. [55]
      Ruptured tubal pregnancy with contralateral tubal infarction. A case report. — Grazi RV, Demopoulos RI The Journal of reproductive medicine (1984)
    56. [56]
      Bilateral unruptured tubal pregnancies. A case report. — Goldberger SB, Levy NB, Margolius K South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde (1984)
    57. [57]
      Unilateral tubal pregnancy of twins. — Zakut H, Fiengold M, Lipnitzky W Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology (1983)
    58. [58]
      A case of cornual pregnancy. — McPherson S, Houlihan B The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology (1979)
    59. [59]
      The occurrence of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies in women with an intrauterine device. — Ringrose CA Journal of reproduction and fertility (1979)
    60. [60]
      Primary hepatic pregnancy. Case report. — Luwuliza-Kirunda JM British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (1978)
    61. [61]
      Primary peritoneal pregnancy in association with intrauterine contraceptive devices: two case reports. — Kasby C, Krins A British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (1978)
    62. [62]
      Ectopic pregnancy in kidney transplant patients. A diagnostic challenge. — Scott JR, Cruikshank DP, Corry RJ Obstetrics and gynecology (1978)
    63. [63]
      Primary splenic pregnancy. Case report. — Mankodi RC, Sankari K, Bhatt SM British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (1977)
    64. [64]
      Uteroenteric fistula due to advanced extrauterine pregnancy. — Pasternak BM Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) (1977)
    65. [65]
      Tubal pregnancy treated by salpingectomy using operative culdoscopy. — Timor-Tritsch I, Paldi E Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica (1975)
    66. [66]
      Ectopic gestation in the Highlands. — Roberts-Thomson K Papua and New Guinea medical journal (1974)
    67. [67]
      An unexpected abdominal mass. — Thomas M Postgraduate medical journal (1973)
    68. [68]
      Triplets--one ectopic, two intrauterine. — Khan AA Postgraduate medical journal (1973)
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