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Cardiology22 papers

Injury of mesenteric artery

Last edited: 4/22/2026

Overview

Mesenteric artery injury leading to ischemia/reperfusion (IS/R) results in significant gastrointestinal and systemic complications, including intestinal and lung damage.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Abdominal pain, signs of shock, and gastrointestinal bleeding 1.
  • Diagnostic Imaging: CT angiography or MRI to identify arterial occlusion and perfusion deficits 1.
  • Laboratory Tests: Elevated lactate levels, white blood cell count, and inflammatory markers (e.g., CRP, IL-6) 13.
  • Histopathology: Biopsy or surgical findings showing mucosal injury, neutrophil infiltration, and tissue necrosis 3.
  • Management

  • First-Line Treatments:
  • - Reperfusion: Early restoration of blood flow through surgical or endovascular techniques 1. - Anti-inflammatory Agents: Cilostazol (0.1 g/kg orally) may mitigate lung and intestinal injury by modulating PPAR-γ, NF-κB, and STAT3 pathways 1.
  • Adjunctive Therapies:
  • - Immune-Enhancing Enteral Agents: Glutamine supplementation to preserve gut barrier function and reduce mucosal injury 3. - Avoid Arginine: Use with caution or avoid due to potential worsening of mucosal injury and increased permeability 3.

    Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Anti-phospholipid antibodies may play a role in reconstituting injury in complement receptor 2-deficient models, suggesting potential implications in pregnancy-related IS/R 2.
  • Comorbidities: No specific recommendations provided for pediatrics or elderly populations in the abstracts; management should focus on addressing underlying conditions and tailored reperfusion strategies 132.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Early Reperfusion Therapy: Initiate prompt restoration of blood flow to mitigate organ damage (Evidence: Strong 1).
  • Consider Cilostazol for Multi-Organ Protection: Use cilostazol preemptively to reduce IS/R-induced lung and intestinal injury (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Supplement with Glutamine: Administer glutamine enterally to support gut barrier function and reduce mucosal injury (Evidence: Moderate 3).
  • Avoid Arginine in IS/R Management: Given arginine's potential to exacerbate mucosal injury, consider alternatives or cautious use (Evidence: Weak 3).
  • Monitor Anti-Phospholipid Status in Pregnancy: Evaluate the role of anti-phospholipid antibodies in managing IS/R in pregnant women with complement deficiencies (Evidence: Expert opinion 2).
  • References

    1 Gendy AM, Amin MM, Al-Mokaddem AK, Abd Ellah MF. Cilostazol mitigates mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung lesion: Contribution of PPAR-γ, NF-κB, and STAT3 crosstalk. Life sciences 2021. link 2 Fleming SD, Egan RP, Chai C, Girardi G, Holers VM, Salmon J et al.. Anti-phospholipid antibodies restore mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in complement receptor 2/complement receptor 1-deficient mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2004. link 3 Kozar RA, Verner-Cole E, Schultz SG, Sato N, Bick RJ, Desoignie R et al.. The immune-enhancing enteral agents arginine and glutamine differentially modulate gut barrier function following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. The Journal of trauma 2004. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
    2. [2]
      Anti-phospholipid antibodies restore mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in complement receptor 2/complement receptor 1-deficient mice.Fleming SD, Egan RP, Chai C, Girardi G, Holers VM, Salmon J et al. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) (2004)
    3. [3]
      The immune-enhancing enteral agents arginine and glutamine differentially modulate gut barrier function following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion.Kozar RA, Verner-Cole E, Schultz SG, Sato N, Bick RJ, Desoignie R et al. The Journal of trauma (2004)

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