Separation anxiety

Overview

Diagnosis

Management

Special Populations

Key Recommendations

References

Showing 100 most recent of 562 indexed papers.

1 Paslı S, Yılmaz NS, Kırımlı EN, İmamoğlu M, Beşer MF, Şahin AS et al.. The effect of virtual reality applications on the anxiety levels of emergency department physicians during 24-h shifts. Internal and emergency medicine 2026. link 2 Wenchang X, Xuanhui Y, Qun Z, Xiao C. Health information anxiety in social media users during public health emergencies: A qualitative comparative analysis using attribution theory. PloS one 2026. link 3 Wen Z, Liu X, Guo P, Wang C, Xu X, Liu P. Adverse events related to buspirone: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FAERS database. Journal of affective disorders 2026. link 4 Lara-Contreras A, Vázquez-Barba GA, Gutiérrez-Carmona I, Reyna-Beltrán E. Anxiety in medical students: its relationship with the consumption of unhealthy foods, obesity, and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Nutricion hospitalaria 2026. link 5 Ivan L, Foerster P, Bermpohl FMG, Gerlach AL, Pohl A. Do metacognitions contribute to pathological health anxiety? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one 2025. link 6 Ahmed A, McKay A, Musa A, Naji A, Zuchelli T. Attitudes of Gastroenterologists Regarding Preoperative Anxiety Prior to Colonoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Digestive diseases and sciences 2025. link 7 Tan M, Zhao J, Tao Y, Sehar U, Yan Y, Zou Q et al.. Utilizing machine learning algorithms for predicting Anxiety-Depression Comorbidity Syndrome in Gastroenterology Inpatients (ADCS-GI). BMC psychiatry 2025. link 8 Song B, Wen Z, Guo YH, He HX, Peng K, Li J. Impact of different anesthesia subspecialties on anxiety levels and sleep quality among anesthesiologists: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in public health 2025. link 9 Albaker T, Carrico C, Hawkins D, Williams T. Diazepam, Meperidine, and Hydroxyzine as a Moderate Sedation Regimen in Pediatric Dentistry: A Retrospective Study. International journal of paediatric dentistry 2025. link 10 Aarvik RS, Svendsen EJ, Agdal ML. Children's experiences with conscious sedation in dental care: a Norwegian cross-sectional study. Acta odontologica Scandinavica 2025. link 11 Abed H. Factors Influencing Midazolam Dose for Intravenous Sedation in Dental Patients With Anxiety: A Retrospective Observational Study. Oral health & preventive dentistry 2025. link 12 Ishitani H, Tanaka Y, Koyanagi K, Yoshida K, Momota Y, Ono Y. Does Virtual Reality Reduce Dental Treatment Stress in Patients With Dental Anxiety? A Comparison With Nitrous Oxide Sedation: A Crossover Study. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 2025. link 13 Jing W, Wan K, Jing Q, Ma L, Wang S, Wang X et al.. Estimating the need for sedation in Chinese patients using the IOSN tool: a pilot study. BMC oral health 2025. link 14 Ghabchi B, Önçağ Ö, Arabulan S, Aşık A, Uzel İ. Evaluation of dental treatments under nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation sedation in pediatric patients with dental anxiety: a 10-Year retrospective study. BMC oral health 2025. link 15 Chua JMC, Hong CHL, Sim YF, Choe RW, Dhillon IK, Hu S. Temperament and past behaviour can predict behaviour success for nitrous oxide sedation. International journal of paediatric dentistry 2025. link 16 Poonyarit P, Chaipattanawan N, Manmontri C, Chompu-Inwai P, Nirunsittirat A, Phinyo P. Effectiveness and predictive factors of nitrous oxide and oxygen inhalation sedation for paediatric dental procedures: a retrospective cohort study of Thai children. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2025. link 17 Abuokal AAK, Rihan M, Hjazi AA, Elemam AIMI, Mohamed MMRAE. SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE-KETAMINE COMBINATION VS DEXMEDETOMIDINE ALONE FOR PEDIATRIC DENTAL SEDATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. The journal of evidence-based dental practice 2025. link 18 Wo LJ, Ouanounou A. Nitrous Oxide Analgesia in Dentistry: From Mechanism to Clinical Integration. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) 2025. link 19 Unnikrishnan G, Singh A, Purohit BM. Effectiveness of behavioural therapy and inhalational sedation in reducing dental anxiety among patients attending dental clinics - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-based dentistry 2025. link 20 El-Rouby SH, Crystal YO, Elshafie AM, Wahba NA, El-Tekeya MM. Effectiveness of buccal administration of dexmedetomidine and ketamine combination in paediatric dental sedation: A randomized controlled clinical trial. International journal of paediatric dentistry 2025. link 21 Grossmann B, Ahlström F, Nieminen K. Patient-Controlled Sedation During Gynaecological Procedures-Aspects of Patient Satisfaction, Feasibility and Cost Per Patient: Empirical Research Quantitative. Nursing open 2025. link 22 Do NM, Manière MC, Lefebvre F, Clauss F. Efficacy of virtual reality hypnosis versus conscious sedation with nitrous oxide in the management of dental anxiety in pediatric dentistry: protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial. Trials 2025. link 23 Sun IG, Chu CH, Lo ECM, Duangthip D. Global prevalence of early childhood dental fear and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of dentistry 2024. link 24 Spaeth L, Khodakhah K. The cerebellum tells the amygdala, "Nothing diminishes anxiety faster than action". Neuron 2024. link 25 Mathobela T, Stein C, Vincent-Lambert C, Whittaker AC. The effect of assessor visibility on student stress and anxiety in emergency care simulation assessments. BMC medical education 2024. link 26 Liu J, Chang S, Wang Z, Raja FZ. Exploring the association between social support and anxiety during major public emergencies: a meta-analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in public health 2024. link 27 Wyncoll K, Charles L, Clough S. Risk reduction: using the properties of sedation to mitigate the risks of stress-induced medical emergencies - a case series. British dental journal 2024. link 28 Brenner JS. Mindfulness for Young Athletes. Sports health 2024. link 29 Cladis FP, Hudson M, Goh J. Psychological safety in the perioperative environment: a cost-consequence analysis. BMJ leader 2024. link 30 Wang EY, Kennedy KM, Zhang L, Zuniga-Hernandez M, Titzler J, Li BS et al.. A technology acceptance model to predict anesthesiologists' clinical adoption of virtual reality. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2024. link 31 Grossman S. The Surgical Dental Anxiety Scale (SDAS). British dental journal 2024. link 32 Jones A, Clark H, Girdler J. Climate-conscious sedation: how can we sustainably manage dental anxiety using inhalation sedation?. British dental journal 2024. link 33 Storskrubb M, Gabre P. Sedation of Adults with Orally Administered Midazolam in Dentistry - A Retrospective Study. Acta odontologica Scandinavica 2024. link 34 Dubey B, Singh N, Kumar S. Comparison of intranasal ketamine with intranasal midazolam and dexmedetomidine combination in pediatric dental patients for procedural sedation: A crossover study. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2024. link 35 Kinard BW, Zale AS, Reed KL. Efficacy of Midazolam/Meperidine vs Midazolam/Hydromorphone for Enteral Moderate Sedation in the Pediatric Dental Patient. Anesthesia progress 2024. link 36 Ba K, Ni D, Du R, Wei X. Advantages of remimazolam for sedation in impacted tooth extraction. Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology 2024. link 37 ElKhatib AA, Ghoneim TAM, Dowidar KML, Wahba NA. Effect of Dexmedetomidine with or without Midazolam during procedural dental sedation in children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC oral health 2024. link 38 Inchingolo F, Inchingolo AM, Ferrante L, de Ruvo E, Di Noia A, Palermo A et al.. Pharmacological Sedation in Paediatric Dentistry. European journal of paediatric dentistry 2024. link 39 Elfezary MT, Moteea ME, Abu Samadah MS, Waly AS. The implementation of conscious sedation by dental professionals in Egypt: an analytical cross-sectional study. Scientific reports 2024. link 40 Desai J, Marchini L, Peter T. Outcomes of minimal oral sedation in patients treated in a dental school setting: A retrospective study. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 2024. link 41 Oladokun OD, Oyeleke SO, Adebayo AA, Shuaib NM, Omotuyole AS, Ajibare AO. Assessing the Safety of Ketamine as a Procedural Sedative in Paediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Study with Midazolam. West African journal of medicine 2024. link 42 Isık G, Alpay N, Daglioglu G, Ciftci V. Effects of propofol, ketamine-propofol mixture in pediatric dental patients undergoing intravenous sedation: a clinical study. Scientific reports 2024. link 43 Janiani P, Gurunathan D, Manohar R. Comparative evaluation of intranasal dexmedetomidine, intranasal midazolam, and nitrous oxide for conscious sedation of anxious children undergoing dental treatment: A randomized cross-over trial. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2024. link 44 Williams J, Wilson K. Inhaled methoxyflurane - an explorable alternative to nitrous oxide?. British dental journal 2024. link 45 Corrêa-Faria P, Paiva SM, Costa LR. Impact of dental sedation treatment on the oral health-related quality of life of distressed young children: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 2024. link 46 Siah CJR, Goh YS, Lee J, Poon SN, Ow Yong JQY, Tam WW. The effects of forest bathing on psychological well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of mental health nursing 2023. link 47 Chi T, Cheng L, Zhang Z. Global prevalence and trend of anxiety among graduate students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain and behavior 2023. link 48 Du X, Witthöft M, Zhang T, Shi C, Ren Z. Interpretation bias in health anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological medicine 2023. link 49 . Task Force Recommends Anxiety Screening for Children as Young as Eight. The American journal of nursing 2023. link 50 Nayak B S, Ria D, Narissa D, Kalere E, Gabrielle E, Richeaé F et al.. An investigation into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and the study habits of medical students of the University of the West Indies. Psychology, health & medicine 2023. link 51 Janus M, Ryan J, Pottruff M, Reid-Westoby C, Brownell M, Bennett T et al.. Population-Based Teacher-Rated Assessment of Anxiety Among Canadian Kindergarten Children. Child psychiatry and human development 2023. link 52 Zhao L, Wu J, Ye B, Tarimo CS, Li Q, Ma M et al.. Work-family conflict and anxiety among nurses of the maternal and child health institutions: the mediating role of job satisfaction. Frontiers in public health 2023. link 53 Putnam EM, Stratton KJ, Lehrian LE, Rochlen LR, Zisblatt L. A simulation workshop to introduce coping skills. The clinical teacher 2023. link 54 Janiani P, Gurunathan D, Nuvvula S. Influence of Temperament on the Acceptance of Two Conscious Sedation Techniques in Toddlers Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Randomised Cross Over Trial. Pain research & management 2023. link 55 Garret-Bernardin A, Festa P, Matarazzo G, Vinereanu A, Aristei F, Gentile T et al.. Behavioral Modifications in Children after Repeated Sedation with Nitrous Oxide for Dental Treatment: A Retrospective Study. International journal of environmental research and public health 2023. link 56 Hannan K, Sherer ML, Osborne LM. Vitamin D levels and anxiety symptomatology in pregnancy and the postpartum. Archives of women's mental health 2023. link 57 Akhgarjand C, Asoudeh F, Bagheri A, Kalantar Z, Vahabi Z, Shab-Bidar S et al.. Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytotherapy research : PTR 2022. link 58 Gizani S, Seremidi K, Katsouli K, Markouli A, Kloukos D. Basic behavioral management techniques in pediatric dentistry: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of dentistry 2022. link 59 Suleiman-Martos N, García-Lara RA, Membrive-Jiménez MJ, Pradas-Hernández L, Romero-Béjar JL, Dominguez-Vías G et al.. Effect of a game-based intervention on preoperative pain and anxiety in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of clinical nursing 2022. link 60 Rosso M, Wirz R, Loretan AV, Sutter NA, Pereira da Cunha CT, Jaric I et al.. Reliability of common mouse behavioural tests of anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of anxiolytics. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 2022. link 61 Du Z, Zhang X, Qin H, Wang R, Bai Y, Yao X. META analysis on the effect of taijiquan on improving negative psychological symptoms of college students and the optimal dose. Frontiers in public health 2022. link 62 Barbek RME, Makowski AC, von dem Knesebeck O. Social inequalities in health anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of psychosomatic research 2022. link 63 Usher C. Eco-Anxiety. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2022. link 64 Evans K, Donelan J, Rennick-Egglestone S, Cox S, Kuipers Y. Review of Mobile Apps for Women With Anxiety in Pregnancy: Maternity Care Professionals' Guide to Locating and Assessing Anxiety Apps. Journal of medical Internet research 2022. link 65 Hanna M, Chen P, Clarkson E. Update on Medications for Oral Sedation in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Office. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2022. link 66 Mourad MS, Splieth CH, Al Masri A, Schmoeckel J. Potential for nitrous oxide sedation in pedodontics practice to reduce the need for dental general anesthesia. Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) 2022. link 67 Fux-Noy A, Sazbon S, Shmueli A, Halperson E, Moskovitz M, Ram D. Behaviour of 3-11-year-old children during dental treatment requiring multiple visits: a retrospective study. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2022. link 68 Gupta K, Chopra R, Kulkarni P. Use of pulse oximetry during nitrous oxide- oxygen inhalation sedation: mandatory or recommended?. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2022. link 69 Hoffmann B, Erwood K, Ncomanzi S, Fischer V, O'Brien D, Lee A. Management strategies for adult patients with dental anxiety in the dental clinic: a systematic review. Australian dental journal 2022. link 70 Crowe HL, Woolley SM. Dental students' experience of conscious sedation: A qualitative review of student reflections. European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe 2022. link 71 Lawler H, Walker P. Evaluation of maximum dose intravenous midazolam used in dental intravenous sedation: a West of Scotland regional audit. British dental journal 2022. link 72 John H U, Ian AC, Elizabeth B, Judy R, Dennis R. Effectiveness and Safety of Elevated Dosages of Nitrous Oxide on Behavior Management in Pediatric Dentistry. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry 2022. link 73 Nathan JE. Retrospective Comparisons of the Efficacy and Safety of Variable dosing of Midazolam with and without Meperidine for Management of Varying Levels of Anxiety of Pediatric Dental Patients: 35 years of Sedation Experience. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry 2022. link 74 Shaat MA, Bakry NS, Elshafie AM, Talaat DM. Intranasal versus sublingual route of dexmedetomidine sedation in paediatric dentistry: A randomized controlled clinical trial. International journal of paediatric dentistry 2022. link 75 Moharrami M, Ali S, Dick BD, Moeinvaziri F, Amin M. The relationship between nitrous oxide sedation and psychosocial factors in the pediatric outpatient setting. Paediatric anaesthesia 2022. link 76 Mourad MS, Santamaria RM, Splieth CH, Schwahn C, Midani R, Schmoeckel J. Impact of operators' experience and patients' age on the success of nitrous oxide sedation for dental treatment in children. European journal of paediatric dentistry 2022. link 77 Anwar I, McCabe B, Simcock C, Harvey-Lloyd J, Malamateniou C. Paediatric magnetic resonance imaging adaptations without the use of sedation or anaesthesia: A narrative review. Journal of medical imaging and radiation sciences 2022. link 78 Gimbel LA, Blue NR, Allshouse AA, Silver RM, Gimbel B, Grobman WA et al.. Pregnancy outcomes and anxiety in nulliparous women. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 79 Rassler B, Schwerdtfeger AR, Schwarz G, Pfurtscheller G. Negative respiratory sinus arrhythmia (nRSA) in the MRI-scanner - a physiologic phenomenon observed during elevated anxiety in healthy persons. Physiology & behavior 2022. link 80 Del-Pino-Casado R, Priego-Cubero E, López-Martínez C, Orgeta V. Subjective caregiver burden and anxiety in informal caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one 2021. link 81 Leiferman JA, Farewell CV, Jewell J, Rachael Lacy, Walls J, Harnke B et al.. Anxiety among fathers during the prenatal and postpartum period: a meta-analysis. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology 2021. link 82 Ruiz Hernández C, Gómez-Urquiza JL, Pradas-Hernández L, Vargas Roman K, Suleiman-Martos N, Albendín-García L et al.. Effectiveness of nursing interventions for preoperative anxiety in adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of advanced nursing 2021. link 83 Kim M, Nam ES, Lee Y, Kang HJ. Effects of Lavender on Anxiety, Depression, and Physiological Parameters: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian nursing research 2021. link 84 Brucker MC. Change, Anxiety, and Resilience. Nursing for women's health 2021. link 85 Wang H, Xiong WC, Mei L. Excessive mitophagy for anxiety. Neuron 2021. link 86 Ricardo JW, Lipner SR. Utilizing a Sleep Mask to Reduce Patient Anxiety During Nail Surgery. Cutis 2021. link 87 Jelinčić V, von Leupoldt A. To breathe or not to breathe: Interoceptive predictions in an anxious brain. Neuron 2021. link 88 Adusumilli NC, Hausmann K, Friedman AJ, Maiberger M. Leveraging Virtual Boot Camp to Alleviate First Year Dermatology Resident Anxiety. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 2021. link 89 Rashid AA, Cheong AT, Hisham R, Shamsuddin NH, Roslan D. Effectiveness of pretend medical play in improving children's health outcomes and well-being: a systematic review. BMJ open 2021. link 90 Kuppusamy M, Ramaswamy V, Shanmugam P, Ramaswamy P. Yoga for children in the new normal - experience sharing. Journal of complementary & integrative medicine 2021. link 91 Ingeman K, Frostholm L, Frydendal DH, Wright KD, Lockhart E, Garralda ME et al.. A new measure of excessive parental worries about children's health: Development of the Health Anxiety by Proxy Scale (HAPYS). Nordic journal of psychiatry 2021. link 92 Downey GB, McDonald JM, Downey RG, Garnett PB. Welfare of Anaesthesia Trainees Survey 2019. Anaesthesia and intensive care 2021. link 93 Al Zoubi L, Schmoeckel J, Mustafa Ali M, Splieth CH. Parental acceptance of advanced behaviour management techniques in paediatric dentistry in families with different cultural background. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2021. link 94 Franco-Quino C, Chavez-Rimache L, Aponte-Laban A, Borda-Mendoza E, Gonzales-Camacho C, Chumpitaz-Cerrate V et al.. Sedative effect of midazolam in different vehicles for oral administration. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research 2021. link 95 Mowafy YN, Wahba NA, Gho Neim TM, Mahmoud GM. Efficacy of buccal versus intranasal route of administration of midazolam spray in behavior management of preschool dental patients. Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) 2021. link 96 Rehman F, Goyal A, Gauba K, Jain K, Kapur A. Safety and Efficacy of IV Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunct to Propofol to Sedate Anxious and Uncooperative Pediatric Dental Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry 2021. link 97 Pouliquen A, Boyer E, Sixou JL, Fong SB, Marie-Cousin A, Meuric V. Oral sedation in dentistry: evaluation of professional practice of oral hydroxyzine in the University Hospital of Rennes, France. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2021. link 98 Gürcan HS, Ülgey A, Öz Gergin Ö, Seçkin Pehlivan S, Yıldız K. Investigation of the effects of propofol/ketamine versus propofol/fentanyl on nausea- vomiting administered for sedation in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective randomized double-blinded study. Turkish journal of medical sciences 2021. link 99 Goyel V, Jain A, Mathur S, Malik M, Sachdev V. Using nitrous oxide inhalation sedation for classical conditioning - An evaluative study. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research 2021. link 100 Rodrigues VBM, Costa LR, Corrêa de Faria P. Parents' satisfaction with paediatric dental treatment under sedation: A cross-sectional study. International journal of paediatric dentistry 2021. link