Overview
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) encompasses a spectrum of injuries ranging from mild concussions to severe penetrating trauma, affecting cognitive, physical, and emotional functions. Acute management focuses on minimizing secondary brain injury through prompt evaluation and targeted interventions.Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 4334 indexed papers.
1 Nwangwu K, Monje M. Rest to repair. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2026. link 2 Raukar NP. A Multidimensional Approach to Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: What the NIH-NINDS CBI-M Framework Means for Emergency Medicine. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2026. link 3 Bunke C, Hartman H, Ching A, Visclosky T. Implementing a Multidisciplinary Trauma Simulation Curriculum for Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellows. Pediatric emergency care 2026. link 4 López-López C, Robleda-Font G, Latorre-Marco I, Solís-Muñoz M, Sarabia-Cobo MC, Arranz-Esteban A et al.. Discriminative ability of the Behavioural Indicators of Pain Scale-Brain Injury (Escala de Conductas Indicadoras de Dolor-Daño Cerebral) according to level of sedation in critically ill patients with acquired brain injury and disorders of consciousness: A multicentre observational study. Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses 2026. link 5 Alessi LJ, MacCarthy M, McCormick A, Edinger J, Houtrow AJ, Simon DW et al.. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation and follow-up for children hospitalized with traumatic brain injury. Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine 2026. link 6 Dahel H, Wang HT, Dumais C, Giraldeau G, Hoang TS, Daoust R et al.. Polypharmacy, Outpatient Prescriptions and TBI Risk: a systematic review. Injury 2026. link 7 Wagner FC, Witry D, Lefering R, Scholz C, Schmal H, Bayer J. Possible detrimental effects of postponed intubation during interhospital transfer of severely brain injured patients: retrospective analysis of the Traumaregister DGU. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society 2026. link 8 Yıldırım A, Aksoy T, Atılgan AZ, Haklı Ö, Tok Aydın D, Ok ÜZ. Risk of Oral Myiasis in Intensive Care Unit: A Case Report Caused by . Turkiye parazitolojii dergisi 2026. link 9 Feng Z, Pan Y, Zhou J, Chu L, Li Q, Zhang X et al.. Tmem110 regulates the conformation of TRPML1 to maintain endolysosomal homeostasis and prevent mitochondrial DNA leakage and pathological self-DNA processing. Nature communications 2026. link 10 Wah W, Berecki-Gisolf J, Walker-Bone K. Work-related traumatic finger and thumb amputations: 20-year trends. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 2026. link 11 Gwilliam MK, Derk SJ, Socias-Morales CM, Hendricks SA, Innes KE, Reichard AA et al.. National Estimates of Work-Related Emergency Department-Treated Finger, Hand, and Wrist Injuries, U.S. 2015-2022. American journal of preventive medicine 2026. link 12 Chechulin Y, Nanwa N, Leddy JJ, Thompson AMS. Impact of a New Program of Care for Work-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Recovery and Return to Work. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation 2026. link 13 Babigian J, Amadasi A, Windgassen M. Pierced by Force: Forensic reconstruction of two fatal High-Energy Workplace impalements. Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2026. link 14 Sariaslan AY, Sekerci OT, Unlu OC, Arat F, Gurbuz K. High-pressure injection injury with concrete to the hand and forearm. Joint diseases and related surgery 2026. link 15 Koenig V, Fochtmann-Frana A, Tratnig-Frankl P, Monai M, Joestl J. Thirty years of high-voltage injuries: comparative analysis of train surfing and work-related cases with a focus on trauma-associated diagnoses. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 2026. link 16 Wang L, Cai H, Zhao S. Antiplatelet therapy and central nervous system hematomas: a cohort study using real-world data from the FAERS and VigiAccess databases. International journal of surgery (London, England) 2026. link 17 Tweeatsani N, Unuma K, Uemura Y, Iwase H, Makino Y. Traumatic vertebrobasilar pseudoaneurysms: diagnostic pitfalls on CT angiography with forensic implications - two case reports. Emergency radiology 2026. link 18 Petneházy Z, Bognár D, Laar P, Dóczi T, Schwarcz A, Környei BS et al.. Investigating microbleeds and white matter hyperintensities in TBI at a tract-level: A DTI study. Magnetic resonance imaging 2026. link 19 Hiwase AD, Hains LR, Henkel J, Reddi B, Ovenden CD, Kaukas LM et al.. Low FIBTEM amplitude in neurotrauma: True plasma fibrinogen depletion or functional fibrin activity reduction?. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery 2026. link 20 Zhou J, Ma S, Feng D, Tian Y, Li L, Guo H et al.. C5aR1. Neuron 2026. link 21 Ahmed O, Rahim I, Mansour H, Girish M, Giri B, Mikael R et al.. The yield of CT head scans for intracranial haemorrhage in anticoagulated patients presenting with head injury. Clinical radiology 2026. link 22 Ferreira FM, Viana LS, Batista S, Yelam T, Nogueira RG, Al-Bayati AR et al.. Incidental carotid webs in trauma patients. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2026. link 23 Zhang J, Xie Z, Zhao X, Su W. Tube posterior tibial artery flow-through free flap for salvaging upper limbs with contaminated soft tissue defects and arterial injuries. The Journal of hand surgery, European volume 2026. link 24 Shen J, An Q, Ge R, Xia D, Cheng H, Jiang X et al.. Cerebral Infarction Following Unilateral Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes. The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2026. link 25 Andrade N, Nogueira AR, Miranda M, Deveza N. Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm after blunt thoracic trauma. BMJ case reports 2026. link 26 Zhou J, Wang Z, Pan R, Zhang P, Xia H, Wang W et al.. The potential value of thromboelastography and conventional coagulation detection in guiding the management of venous thrombosis after traumatic brain injury. PloS one 2026. link 27 Maguire CE, Checchi KD, Benham DA, Manoukian MAC. Traumatic Gluteal Compartment Syndrome in Active Duty Navy Sailor After a Shipboard Fall. Military medicine 2026. link 28 Nekooei N, Tang-Tan A, Siletz AE, Matsushima K, Inaba K, Dubose JJ et al.. Impact of systemic anticoagulation on traumatic cervical arterial repairs: An analysis of the PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Trial (PROOVIT) registry. American journal of surgery 2026. link 29 Chen H, Liu B, Wang S, Wang X, Han W, Wang X et al.. Combined evidence from artificial neural networks and human brain-lesion models reveals that language modulates vision in human perception. Nature human behaviour 2026. link 30 Ye H, Yue H, Wei S, Wang K, Yang K, Du H et al.. (no title). Journal of the American Heart Association 2026. link 31 Stanishevskiy A, Babichev K, Abramyan A, Svistov D, Savello A, Martynov R et al.. Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Acute Epidural Hematomas: A Promising Alternative to Traditional Surgery. Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgery 2026. link 32 Gill K, Benipal J, Ferral H, Knecht K, Leonardi C, Fairchild AH et al.. Surveillance of Posttraumatic Abdominal Pseudoaneurysms. The American surgeon 2026. link 33 Liu J, Myneni S, Tang L, Elshareif M, Bhandarkar S, Vattipally VN et al.. Effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after firearm-related penetrating brain injury. Journal of neurosurgery 2026. link 34 Nunes Dias L, Nogueira PJDS, Oliveira JP, Cabral J. Acute Traumatic Subdural Hematomas-When (and Why) Do We Stop? The aSDH-stop Survey. Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgery 2026. link 35 Karmur BS, Mann JA, Leung AA, Kramer AH, Yang MMH. Early Versus Late Initiation of Chemical Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Adult Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurocritical care 2026. link 36 Yan C, Zhang J, Liu D, Wang Y, Zhao L. Clinical outcomes of endovascular aortic repair in blunt traumatic aortic injury: A retrospective case series and a CARE-compliant case report. Medicine 2026. link 37 Zhang B, Jia L, Li H, Wei M, Deng Z, Li H. Tea Saponin from . Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2026. link 38 Liang YF, Chen SY, Wang H, Song HJ, Zhang BC, Wang MF et al.. Mechanism of paraventricular nucleus H. Physiological reports 2026. link 39 Roake C, Besmanos CG, Armenian P. A Case of Accidental . Wilderness & environmental medicine 2026. link 40 Alvarez Griffis M, Kellogg ND, Koek W. Prior Head Circumference Measurements in Infants With Older Subdural Hematomas: Did We Miss It?. Clinical pediatrics 2026. link 41 Ofri M, Azriel A, Kahati L, Paran N, Esbit S, Sufaro Y et al.. Predicting chronic subdural hematoma risk in elderly patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Acta neurochirurgica 2026. link 42 Havlicek EE, Palumbo J, Soto-Campos G, Goldenberg NA, Sochet AA, Morrison JM. Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism Among Children With Tracheostomy: A North American Virtual Pediatric Systems Registry Study, 2016-2023. Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 2026. link 43 Nonnemacher CJ, Long EL, Montgomery A, Johns TJ, Adiga R, Ashley DW et al.. Can Thromboelastography be Predictive of Venous Thromboembolism After Trauma: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multi-Institution Study. The American surgeon 2026. link 44 Hounchonou HF, Albrecht C, Jelinek J, Wild F, Polemikos M, Abu-Fares O et al.. Andexanet Alfa in Emergency Cranial Neurosurgical Procedures: A Bicentric Analysis of Efficacy and Safety. Neurocritical care 2026. link 45 Lieschke F, Zheng Y, Lok J, Schaefer JH, Foerch C, van Leyen K. Dual antiplatelet therapy increases intracerebral hemorrhage and edema after controlled cortical impact and can be partially encountered by 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibition. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2026. link 46 Okum SE, Mehta A, Lunardi N, Byrne JP, Haut ER, Efron DT et al.. Could We Have Stopped the Bleed? An Examination of 5,765 Homicide Autopsies Across 13 Years. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2026. link 47 Kapitanski L, Thiyagarajah K, Makedonov I, Berger F, Abdulrehman J, Chapman M et al.. Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of traumatic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery 2026. link 48 Zaki HA, Yigit Y, Shaban EE, Ponappan B, Abdelaal YO, Shaban A et al.. Point-Of-Care Ultrasound for Rapid Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Effusion in Penetrating Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2026. link 49 Treagust E, Williamson F, McFadyen JD, McQuilten Z, Winearls J, Karamujic N et al.. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolic events in a severe trauma cohort admitted to the intensive care unit of an Australian major trauma centre over a five-year period. Injury 2026. link 50 Tian N, Song L, Wang J, Liu C, Liu Y, Shang Z et al.. Hypertension Mediates the Association of Triglyceride-Glucose-Body Mass Index With Vascular Brain Injury in Older Adults: A Population-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2026. link 51 Yin Y, Wang Q, Xu Z, Ai X, Liu H, Shao H et al.. Dual-energy computed tomography angiography for lenticulostriate arteries: Stepwise optimization of virtual monochromatic imaging and kernel setting. European journal of radiology 2026. link 52 Bourquard F, Foy JP, Hennocq Q, Amor-Sahli, Bergon A, Bourges JL et al.. Diagnosis and management of orbital compartment syndrome caused by retrobulbar hematoma following orbital fractures. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery 2026. link 53 Dunbar-Abbaei N, Okeson K. Manual strangulation as a form of child abuse in an adolescent causing vertebral artery dissection: A case report. The American journal of emergency medicine 2026. link 54 Abed S, Hergan K, Pfaff J, Dörrenberg J, Brandstetter L, Gradl J. Artificial intelligence for detecting traumatic intracranial haemorrhage with CT: A workflow-oriented implementation. The neuroradiology journal 2026. link 55 Van Gent JM, Burczak KW, Bavishi DA, Clements TW, Wandling MW, Cotton BA et al.. Venous thromboembolism in traumatic brain injury patients despite aggressive early chemoprophylaxis. American journal of surgery 2026. link 56 Bonney PA, Kanter JH, Kornblith LZ, Slown K, Kohn MA, DiGiorgio AM et al.. Factors associated with venous thromboembolism in hospitalized traumatic brain injury patients with external ventricular drains: Retrospective cohort study. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2026. link 57 Curran BM, Philpott CD, Foertsch M, Droege CA, Sangha K, Dehne LM et al.. Safety Evaluation of Weight-Tiered, Anti-Xa-Guided Versus Fixed-Dose Enoxaparin Prophylaxis in Traumatic IntraCranial Hemorrhage (SAFE-ICH): A Retrospective Cohort Study. The Annals of pharmacotherapy 2026. link 58 Sorini MJ, Fracasso J, Russo L, Ahmed N. Venous Thromboembolism and Coagulation Biomarker Changes in Trauma Patients Using Cannabis. The American surgeon 2026. link 59 Chen PS, Lo KJ, Yu CH, Wang CF, Lee CI. Risk Factors for Adverse In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injuries Undergoing Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR): An Analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists 2026. link 60 Ying G, Kong V, Lee D, Boppana A, Ko J, Ahn J et al.. A 10-year review of penetrating subclavian artery injury at a major trauma center in South Africa. Journal of vascular surgery 2026. link 61 Parmer HW, Miles MVP, Hicks C, Favors LE, Rippy M, Wilson A et al.. Analysis of Modified BIG Scores and Platelet Inhibition in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries. The American surgeon 2026. link 62 Rhodes-Lyons HX, Elkbuli A, Kumar S, Espat NN, Johnson SE, McClure DL et al.. An Exploratory Analysis of Chemical and Mechanical VTE Prophylaxis in Patients with High Rebleeding Risk Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocritical care 2026. link 63 Mayer-Suess L, Lutz M, Wippel D, Moelgg K, Frank F, Kiechl S et al.. Neurologic Morbidity and Long-Term Disability After Blunt Traumatic Aortic Injury: A Single-Center Cohort Study. World journal of surgery 2026. link 64 McNamara CR, Lee S, Atre I, Berger RP, Fink EL, Clark RS et al.. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals an Important Role for Brain Ischemia Across Injury Severity in Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Young Children. The Journal of pediatrics 2026. link 65 Spaziani G, Rozzi G, Baroni S, Napoli G, De Ninno G, Polla DD et al.. Prognostic value of GFAP and UCHL-1 biomarkers in high-risk mild traumatic brain injury: A prospective longitudinal study of short- and long-term outcomes. The American journal of emergency medicine 2026. link 66 Macaitė A, Scholl LS, Schwietring J, Rehberg S, Hoyer A, Thies KC. Prevalence and predictors of hypotension on hospital arrival in traumatic brain injury: a prehospital HEMS cohort study. Scientific reports 2026. link 67 Nascimben J, Liu C, Wolf GJ, Wolf JM, Stepan J, Strelzow J. What Factors Are Associated With Acute Compartment Syndrome After Gunshot Injuries to the Upper Extremity?. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2026. link 68 Erol Durgun O, Sivan M, Sapsford H, Haider J. Improvement in psychiatric symptoms after subdural haematoma and decompressive craniotomy. BMJ case reports 2026. link 69 Zhang JJ, Zhang HY, Li N, Jiang F, Luo SZ, Xiao WL et al.. Structural Diversity of 2. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2026. link 70 Kerr G, Chown A, Mercuri M, Clayton N, Mercier É, Morris J et al.. Applying the Canadian Head CT Criteria to Older Adults Seen in the Emergency Department After a Fall. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2026. link 71 Kubota J, Tiwari A, Kaneko T, Lodha N, Sotokawa T. Driving behavior in simulator and on-road assessments in brain injury and stroke: a scoping review. Brain injury 2026. link 72 Lu Y, Huang S, Li H, Qi B. The impact of pre-hospital transport process optimization on rescue efficiency and complications in patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. The American journal of emergency medicine 2026. link 73 Wannberg M, Lindén H, Hassan MU, Ghorbani P, Strömmer L, Wahlgren CM. Thoracic vascular injury remains the leading cause of death in traumatic haemorrhage: Analysis of injury patterns and time to death. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society 2026. link 74 Huang DL, Bhatia R, Simmasalam R, Talbott JF, Huang MC, Singh V. Traumatic Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Patient and Practice Patterns at a Major Trauma Center. Neurocritical care 2026. link 75 Xu L, Whitney L, Tu H, Evans AJ, Klammer A, Barksdale AN et al.. Different inflammatory responses in the remote organs after tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion in mouse hindlimb. Injury 2026. link 76 Cateura J, Sahnoun M, Marlier B, Pierot L, Legros V. Bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula after trauma presenting as hemorrhagic shock: Case report. Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences 2026. link 77 Chen L, Liu X, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zheng X, Yin S et al.. The therapeutic effect of inhibition of CCR5 on animal models of stroke or traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of pharmacology 2026. link 78 Glasgow SL, Scaife JH, Clinker CE, Kahan AM, Wan HY, Kay AB et al.. Evaluation of isolated skull fractures in children. Journal of pediatric surgery 2026. link 79 Lannon M, Versolatto A, Sharma S, Rice T. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in traumatic brain injury after radiographic progression: a 6-year experience at a single Canadian Level 1 trauma Centre. British journal of neurosurgery 2026. link 80 Moirangthem S, Yadav J, Kumar Chaurasia J, Aibantyllilang Blah J, Kori A, Lokhande L et al.. Histopathological study for dating of Subdural haemorrhage and Subarachnoid haemorrhage in a single cohort study of head injury. Journal of forensic and legal medicine 2026. link 81 Herrera KJ, Zarghani-Shiraz A, Ahrens MB, Engert F, Fishman MC. Synchronization of behavioral and cardiac dynamics in larval zebrafish. Cell reports 2026. link 82 Sure VN, Oruganti L, Sakamuri SSVP, Pasupulati SC, Ageeli RY, Chandra P et al.. Sex-dependent differences in bioenergetics of young mouse brain microvasculature: implications for oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation injury. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2026. link 83 Schauer SG, April MD, Fisher AD, Rizzo JA. Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury in Trauma-Fixed or Modifiable Risk Factor for Stroke?. The Journal of surgical research 2026. link 84 Gumbo CT, Corbin D, Zhang N, Mclaughlin SL, Muthu S, Venkatesh S et al.. Traumatic brain injury impairs cardiac function independent of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2026. link 85 Pinto SM, Thakur B, Kumar RG, Venkatesan UM, Hicks AJ, Driver S et al.. Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Mortality After Complicated Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation 2026. link 86 Sasson I, Sorin V, Ziv-Baran T, Marom EM, Czerniawski E, Adam SZ et al.. Unexpected early pulmonary thrombi in war injured patients. European radiology 2026. link 87 Igde EN, Dincer B, Tosun AY, Erkman FT, Ozdemir Kara D. Autopsy case report of delayed intracranial hemorrhage following mild head trauma: clinical and legal perspectives. Brain injury 2026. link 88 Johnson EH, Lee JS, Cripps MW, McIntyre RC, Schroeppel TJ. Combined intracranial hemorrhage subtypes should not change modified Brain Injury Guidelines criteria. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery 2026. link 89 Cohen MJ, Erickson CB, Lacroix IS, Debot M, Dzieciatkowska M, Sen S et al.. Multiomic analyses of longitudinal plasma samples identify thromboinflammation endotypes and trajectories in patients with trauma. Science translational medicine 2026. link 90 Treglia M, La Russa R, Napoletano G, Ghamlouch A, Del Duca F, Treves B et al.. Artificial intelligence in forensic neuropathology: A systematic review. Journal of forensic and legal medicine 2025. link 91 Savi M, Hawryluk G. Thrombosis and Coagulopathy. Neurosurgery clinics of North America 2025. link 92 Silverberg ND, Lee K, Mikolić A, Bayley MT, Brody DL, Ely EW et al.. Action Collaborative on Traumatic Brain Injury Care: Adapted Clinical Practice Guideline. Annals of family medicine 2025. link 93 Dudek D, Sobański JA, Klasa K. Editorial. Psychiatria polska 2025. link 94 Dudek D, Sobański JA, Klasa K. Editorial. Psychiatria polska 2025. link 95 Dudek D, Sobański JA, Klasa K. 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