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Palliative Care2316 papers

Chronic nervous system disorder

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Chronic neuropathic pain arises from damage or dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system, significantly impacting quality of life and often resistant to conventional pain management strategies 1220.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Assessment: Detailed history and physical examination focusing on sensory disturbances, pain characteristics, and functional impairment 665.
  • Screening Tools: Use of validated scales such as LANSS, DN4, and painDETECT for differentiating neuropathic from non-neuropathic pain 6652829.
  • Imaging and Tests: MRI, bone SPECT/CT, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis (e.g., lysophosphatidic acid levels) may provide additional diagnostic information 52361.

    • Management

  • First-Line Pharmacotherapy:
    • - Pregabalin: Recommended starting dose typically 150 mg/day, titrated up to 300-600 mg/day 36. - Gabapentin: Often used similarly to pregabalin, dose adjusted based on patient response and tolerability 42. - Duloxetine: Particularly effective in neuropathic pain associated with diabetes and other chronic conditions 43 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • Adjunctive Treatments:
    • - Ketamine: Subcutaneous continuous infusion or oral formulations for refractory cases 715 (Evidence: Moderate). - Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS): Effective for chronic primary neuropathic pain, especially when conservative measures fail 11 (Evidence: Strong). - Motor Cortex Stimulation (MCS): Considered for intractable cases, particularly orofacial neuropathic pain 46 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • Non-Pharmacological Interventions:
    • - Rehabilitation: Including physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and education 10 (Evidence: Moderate). - Exercise: Tailored exercise programs can reduce neuropathic pain, though specific types and doses vary in efficacy 19 (Evidence: Moderate).

    Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Pathogenic variants in voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) should be considered in genetic neuropathic pain 8.
  • Elderly: Methadone as an adjuvant to low-dose opioids can be effective, but careful titration is necessary due to increased risk of side effects 74 (Evidence: Weak).
  • Comorbidities: Management in patients with lipodystrophy syndromes requires careful consideration of metabolic and pain comorbidities 4157.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Utilize validated screening tools like LANSS and DN4 for diagnosing neuropathic pain 665 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Consider pregabalin as a first-line pharmacological treatment, titrating up to 600 mg/day 36 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Explore spinal cord stimulation for patients with chronic neuropathic pain unresponsive to conventional therapies 11 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Incorporate non-pharmacological interventions such as rehabilitation and tailored exercise programs to complement pharmacological treatments 1019 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • In geriatric patients, cautiously use methadone as an adjuvant to opioids for neuropathic pain management 74 (Evidence: Weak).

    • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 237 indexed papers.

    1 Kurt E, Bijl E, Arnts I, Pouwels S, Kollenburg L, Hanemaaijer J et al.. The Effects of Invasive Motor Cortex Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain: Do We See the Full Picture?. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2026. link 2 Isoardo G, Ardito RB, Ciullo S, Fontana E, Stura I, Migliaretti G et al.. The Relationship Between Emotion Processing and Flexor Afferent Responses in Upper Limbs. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2026. link 3 Ateş G, Welsch P, Klose P, Phillips T, Lambers B, Häuser W et al.. Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2026. link 4 McNeilage AG, Gholamrezaei A, Murnion B, Nielsen S, Ashton-James CE. Pregabalin dependence, withdrawal, suicidality and psychosis reports: A disproportionality analysis of the Australian adverse events database. British journal of clinical pharmacology 2026. link 5 Romera M, Rodrigo-Paradells V, Varela N, Guillén EF, Navarro-Astiasarán M, Domínguez-Echavarri P et al.. Bone SPECT/CT in the diagnosis and treatment decision making of axial pain. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2025. link 6 Sarkar SR, Tauhid MS, Khanam SA, Rouf R, Biswas J. Validation of the Bengali version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain scale: A tool for differentiating neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Medicine 2025. link 7 Umbacia MA, Calsina-Berna A, Hernández-Rico AN, Mendoza-Montenegro FA, Gallo-Hincapié JS, Ruiz Cadena LM et al.. Oral Ketamine as an Analgesic Therapy: Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy 2025. link 8 Quade A, Lischka A, Albani S, Rossetti G, Hageb ZN, Rolke R et al.. Genetic Variants and Clinical Phenotyping in 39 Pediatric Patients with Neuropathic Pain. Neuropediatrics 2025. link 9 Ito H, Hasegawa Y, Maeda M, Tsukioka R, Tsuchiya M, Yasuno N et al.. Evaluation of pregabalin-induced oedema using the adverse event spontaneous reporting database and the prescription claims database. The International journal of pharmacy practice 2025. link 10 Bäckryd E, Ghafouri N, Gerdle B, Dragioti E. Rehabilitation interventions for neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of rehabilitation medicine 2024. link 11 Fatima K, Javed SO, Saleem A, Marsia S, Zafar R, Noorani K et al.. Long-term efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for chronic primary neuropathic pain in the contemporary era: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of neurosurgical sciences 2024. link 12 Jiang BC, Ling YJ, Xu ML, Gu J, Wu XB, Sha WL et al.. Follistatin drives neuropathic pain in mice through IGF1R signaling in nociceptive neurons. Science translational medicine 2024. link 13 Foreman M, Patel A, Nguyen A, Foster D, Orriols A, Lucke-Wold B. Management Considerations for Total Intervertebral Disc Replacement. World neurosurgery 2024. link 14 Yu Y, Cheung YT, Cheung CW. Discovery of Glucose Metabolism-Associated Genes in Neuropathic Pain: Insights from Bioinformatics. International journal of molecular sciences 2024. link 15 Julião M, Ulrich J, Calaveiras P, Costa E, Lucas I, Faria de Sousa P. Ketamine subcutaneous continuous infusion for non-cancer neuropathic pain at home: a case report. BMJ supportive & palliative care 2024. link 16 Einhorn LM, Hudon J, Ingelmo P. The Pharmacological Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Children. Current neuropharmacology 2024. link 17 Balanaser M, Carley M, Baron R, Finnerup NB, Moore RA, Rowbotham MC et al.. Combination pharmacotherapy for the treatment of neuropathic pain in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain 2023. link 18 Meaadi J, Obara I, Eldabe S, Nazar H. The safety and efficacy of gabapentinoids in the management of neuropathic pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. International journal of clinical pharmacy 2023. link 19 Matesanz-García L, Billerot C, Fundaun J, Schmid AB. Effect of Type and Dose of Exercise on Neuropathic Pain After Experimental Sciatic Nerve Injury: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The journal of pain 2023. link 20 Miękisiak G. Editorial for the Special Issue "Chronic Neuropathic Pain Therapy and Anaesthesia". Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2023. link 21 McConnell R, Pelham A, Dewhurst F, Quibell R. Magnesium-induced ketamine toxicity. BMJ supportive & palliative care 2023. link 22 Brauneis S, Araimo F, Rossi M, Russo D, Mammucari M, Maggiori E et al.. The role of mesotherapy in the management of spinal pain. A randomized controlled study. La Clinica terapeutica 2023. link 23 Kurano M, Sumitani M, Akiyama Y, Yamada M, Fujimura D, Yamaki S et al.. Usefulness of lysophosphatidylcholine measurement in the cerebrospinal fluid for differential diagnosis of neuropathic pain: Possible introduction into clinical laboratory testing. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 2023. link 24 O'Connell N, Moore RA, Stewart G, Fisher E, Hearn L, Eccleston C et al.. Trials We Cannot Trust: Investigating Their Impact on Systematic Reviews and Clinical Guidelines in Spinal Pain. The journal of pain 2023. link 25 Hussein A, Digges M, Chang S, Hunt J, Doogue M, Rowett D et al.. Pharmacovigilance in hospice/palliative care: Net effect of amitriptyline or nortriptyline on neuropathic pain: UTS/IMPACCT Rapid programme international consecutive cohort. Palliative medicine 2022. link 26 Vadalouca A, Alexopoulou-Vrachnou E, Rekatsina M, Kouroukli I, Anisoglou S, Kremastinou F et al.. The Greek Neuropathic Pain Registry: The structure and objectives of the sole NPR in Greece. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2022. link 27 Osumi M, Sumitani M, Nobusako S, Sato G, Morioka S. Pain quality of thermal grill illusion is similar to that of central neuropathic pain rather than peripheral neuropathic pain. Scandinavian journal of pain 2022. link 28 Rio JPMD, Bittencourt JV, Corrêa LA, Freynhagen R, Reis FJJD, Melo TB et al.. Cross-cultural adaptation of the painDETECT questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese. Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier) 2022. link 29 Sharma S, Higgins C, Cameron P, Bimali I, Hales TG, Bennett MI et al.. Validation of the Nepali Version of the Self-reported Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) in Adults With Chronic Pain and Predominantly Low-literacy Levels. The journal of pain 2022. link 30 Gierthmühlen J, Böhmer J, Attal N, Bouhassira D, Freynhagen R, Haanpää M et al.. Association of sensory phenotype with quality of life, functionality, and emotional well-being in patients suffering from neuropathic pain. Pain 2022. link 31 Quesada C, Kostenko A, Ho I, Leone C, Nochi Z, Stouffs A et al.. Human surrogate models of central sensitization: A critical review and practical guide. European journal of pain (London, England) 2021. link 32 Pedowitz EJ, Abrams RMC, Simpson DM. Management of Neuropathic Pain in the Geriatric Population. Clinics in geriatric medicine 2021. link 33 Cameron MG, Kersten C. Differential effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in a single patient with neuropathic pain. BMJ case reports 2021. link 34 Lee MT, Chen YH, Mackie K, Chiou LC. Median Nerve Stimulation as a Nonpharmacological Approach to Bypass Analgesic Tolerance to Morphine: A Proof-of-Concept Study in Mice. The journal of pain 2021. link 35 Velzen MV, Dahan JDC, van Dorp ELA, Mogil JS, Hooijmans CR, Dahan A. Efficacy of ketamine in relieving neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Pain 2021. link 36 Freynhagen R, Baron R, Kawaguchi Y, Malik RA, Martire DL, Parsons B et al.. Pregabalin for neuropathic pain in primary care settings: recommendations for dosing and titration. Postgraduate medicine 2021. link 37 Kretzschmar M, Reining M, Schwarz MA. Three-Year Outcomes After Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain After Peripheral Nerve Injury of Upper and Lower Extremities. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society 2021. link 38 Sachau J, Bruckmueller H, Gierthmühlen J, Magerl W, May D, Binder A et al.. The serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) rs6313 variant is associated with higher ongoing pain and signs of central sensitization in neuropathic pain patients. European journal of pain (London, England) 2021. link 39 Attal N, Poindessous-Jazat F, De Chauvigny E, Quesada C, Mhalla A, Ayache SS et al.. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for neuropathic pain: a randomized multicentre sham-controlled trial. Brain : a journal of neurology 2021. link 40 Ding W, You Z, Chen Q, Yang L, Doheny J, Zhou X et al.. Gut Microbiota Influences Neuropathic Pain Through Modulating Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory T Cells. Anesthesia and analgesia 2021. link 41 Sollier C, Vatier C, Capel E, Lascols O, Auclair M, Janmaat S et al.. Lipodystrophic syndromes: From diagnosis to treatment. Annales d'endocrinologie 2020. link 42 Dragic L, Webb T, Chandler M, Harrington SB, McDade E, Dayer L et al.. Comparing Effectiveness of Gabapentin and Pregabalin in Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: A Retrospective Cohort of Palliative Care Outpatients. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy 2020. link 43 Matsuoka H, Iwase S, Miyaji T, Kawaguchi T, Ariyoshi K, Oyamada S et al.. Predictors of duloxetine response in patients with neuropathic cancer pain: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial-JORTC-PAL08 (DIRECT) study. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 2020. link 44 Henssen D, Giesen E, van der Heiden M, Kerperien M, Lange S, van Cappellen van Walsum AM et al.. A systematic review of the proposed mechanisms underpinning pain relief by primary motor cortex stimulation in animals. Neuroscience letters 2020. link 45 Chapman KB, Ramsook RR, Groenen PS, Vissers KC, van Helmond N. Lumbar Transgrade Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation Lead Placement in Patients with Post-Surgical Anatomical Changes: A Technical Note. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2020. link 46 Henssen D, Kurt E, van Walsum AVC, Kozicz T, van Dongen R, Bartels R. Motor cortex stimulation in chronic neuropathic orofacial pain syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific reports 2020. link 47 Aghamohammadi D, Eydi M, Pishgahi A, Esmaeilinejad A, Dolatkhah N. Pilot prospective open-label one-arm trial investigating intrathecal Adenosine in neuropathic pain after lumbar discectomy. BMC research notes 2020. link 48 Kanbayashi Y, Amaya F, Ikoma K, Ueno H, Tabuchi Y, Ishikawa T et al.. Predictors of the usefulness of mirogabalin for neuropathic pain: a single-institution retrospective study. Die Pharmazie 2020. link 49 Bonezzi C, Costantini A, Cruccu G, Fornasari DMM, Guardamagna V, Palmieri V et al.. Capsaicin 8% dermal patch in clinical practice: an expert opinion. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2020. link 50 Volkers R, Giesen E, van der Heiden M, Kerperien M, Lange S, Kurt E et al.. Invasive Motor Cortex Stimulation Influences Intracerebral Structures in Patients With Neuropathic Pain: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of Imaging Data. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society 2020. link 51 Prudhomme M, Legras A, Delorme C, Lansaman T, Lanteri-Minet M, Medioni J et al.. Management of neuropathic pain induced by surgery: Review of the literature by a group of experts specialized in pain management, anesthesia and surgery. Journal of visceral surgery 2020. link 52 Pinho-Ribeiro FA. Living on the edge: Pain control by blood leukocytes at the borders of the central nervous system. Journal of leukocyte biology 2019. link 53 Slater D, Korakakis V, O'Sullivan P, Nolan D, O'Sullivan K. "Sit Up Straight": Time to Re-evaluate. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy 2019. link 54 Matsuoka H, Iwase S, Miyaji T, Kawaguchi T, Ariyoshi K, Oyamada S et al.. Additive Duloxetine for Cancer-Related Neuropathic Pain Nonresponsive or Intolerant to Opioid-Pregabalin Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (JORTC-PAL08). Journal of pain and symptom management 2019. link 55 Ishikawa A, Miyake Y, Kobayashi K, Murata Y, Iizasa S, Iizasa E et al.. Essential roles of C-type lectin Mincle in induction of neuropathic pain in mice. Scientific reports 2019. link 56 Scholz J, Finnerup NB, Attal N, Aziz Q, Baron R, Bennett MI et al.. The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic neuropathic pain. Pain 2019. link 57 Rubaie KA, Raef H, Stone DU, Kozak I. Retinopathy and Uveitis in Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy with Hypertriglyceridemia and Uncontrolled Diabetes (Berardinelli-Seip Syndrome). Middle East African journal of ophthalmology 2019. link 58 Hussain I, Patni N, Garg A. Lipodystrophies, dyslipidaemias and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pathology 2019. link 59 Zhou H, Lei X, Yan Y, Lydic T, Li J, Weintraub NL et al.. Targeting ATGL to rescue BSCL2 lipodystrophy and its associated cardiomyopathy. JCI insight 2019. link 60 van Velsen V, van Helmond N, Levine ME, Chapman KB. Single-Incision Approach to Implantation of the Pulse Generator and Leads for Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation: A Case Report. A&A practice 2018. link 61 Kuwajima K, Sumitani M, Kurano M, Kano K, Nishikawa M, Uranbileg B et al.. Lysophosphatidic acid is associated with neuropathic pain intensity in humans: An exploratory study. PloS one 2018. link 62 Mücke M, Phillips T, Radbruch L, Petzke F, Häuser W. Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2018. link 63 Sumitani M, Sakai T, Matsuda Y, Abe H, Yamaguchi S, Hosokawa T et al.. Executive summary of the Clinical Guidelines of Pharmacotherapy for Neuropathic Pain: second edition by the Japanese Society of Pain Clinicians. Journal of anesthesia 2018. link 64 Henssen DJHA, Kurt E, van Cappellen van Walsum AM, Arnts I, Doorduin J, Kozicz T et al.. Long-term effect of motor cortex stimulation in patients suffering from chronic neuropathic pain: An observational study. PloS one 2018. link 65 Timmerman H, Wolff AP, Bronkhorst EM, Wilder-Smith OHG, Schenkels MJ, van Dasselaar NT et al.. Avoiding Catch-22: validating the PainDETECT in a in a population of patients with chronic pain. BMC neurology 2018. link 66 Basbaum A. Chemogenetic management of neuropathic pain. Brain : a journal of neurology 2017. link 67 Timmerman H, Steegers MAH, Huygen FJPM, Goeman JJ, van Dasselaar NT, Schenkels MJ et al.. Investigating the validity of the DN4 in a consecutive population of patients with chronic pain. PloS one 2017. link 68 Kurt E, Henssen DJHA, Steegers M, Staal M, Beese U, Maarrawi J et al.. Motor Cortex Stimulation in Patients Suffering from Chronic Neuropathic Pain: Summary of Expert Meeting and Premeeting Questionnaire, Combined with Literature Review. World neurosurgery 2017. link 69 Isomura T, Sumitani M, Matsudaira K, Kawaguchi M, Inoue R, Hozumi J et al.. Development of the Japanese Version of the Leeds Assessment of the Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale: Diagnostic Utility in a Clinical Setting. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2017. link 70 Rigo FK, Trevisan G, Godoy MC, Rossato MF, Dalmolin GD, Silva MA et al.. Management of Neuropathic Chronic Pain with Methadone Combined with Ketamine: A Randomized, Double Blind, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial. Pain physician 2017. link 71 Cooper TE, Chen J, Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Carr DB, Aldington D et al.. Morphine for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2017. link 72 . Botulinum toxin - intraorally: Intraoral administration of botulinum toxin for trigeminal neuropathic pain. British dental journal 2016. link 73 Sanderson C, Quinn SJ, Agar M, Chye R, Clark K, Doogue M et al.. Pharmacovigilance in hospice/palliative care: net effect of pregabalin for neuropathic pain. BMJ supportive & palliative care 2016. link 74 Vu Bach T, Pan J, Kirstein A, Grief CJ, Grossman D. Use of Methadone as an Adjuvant Medication to Low-Dose Opioids for Neuropathic Pain in the Frail Elderly: A Case Series. Journal of palliative medicine 2016. link 75 Voirin J, Darie I, Fischer D, Simon A, Rohmer-Heitz I, Proust F. Ziconotide intrathecal delivery as treatment for secondary therapeutic failure of motor cortex stimulation after 6 years. Neuro-Chirurgie 2016. link 76 Hozumi J, Sumitani M, Matsubayashi Y, Abe H, Oshima Y, Chikuda H et al.. Relationship between Neuropathic Pain and Obesity. Pain research & management 2016. link 77 Pickering G, Marcoux M, Chapiro S, David L, Rat P, Michel M et al.. An Algorithm for Neuropathic Pain Management in Older People. Drugs & aging 2016. link 78 Vollert J, Kramer M, Barroso A, Freynhagen R, Haanpää M, Hansson P et al.. Symptom profiles in the painDETECT Questionnaire in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain stratified according to sensory loss in quantitative sensory testing. Pain 2016. link 79 Bossard JB, Ponté C, Dupouy J, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Jouanjus E. Disproportionality Analysis for the Assessment of Abuse and Dependence Potential of Pregabalin in the French Pharmacovigilance Database. Clinical drug investigation 2016. link 80 Gennari JM, Themar-Noel C, Panuel M, Bensamoun B, Deslandre C, Linglart A et al.. Adolescent spinal pain: The pediatric orthopedist's point of view. Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR 2015. link 81 Izzo R, Popolizio T, D'Aprile P, Muto M. Spinal pain. 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Sigma-1 receptors and animal studies centered on pain and analgesia. Expert opinion on drug discovery 2015. link 87 Sumitani M, Misaki M, Kumagaya S, Yozu A, Otake Y, Osumi M et al.. Internally-represented space and its mirror-reversed image of the visuospatial representation: A possible association. Medical hypotheses 2015. link 88 Vanelderen P, Van Zundert J, Kozicz T, Puylaert M, De Vooght P, Mestrum R et al.. Effect of minocycline on lumbar radicular neuropathic pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial with amitriptyline as a comparator. Anesthesiology 2015. link 89 Kersten C, Cameron MG, Laird B, Mjåland S. Epidermal growth factor receptor-inhibition (EGFR-I) in the treatment of neuropathic pain. British journal of anaesthesia 2015. link 90 van Hecke O, Kamerman PR, Attal N, Baron R, Bjornsdottir G, Bennett DLH et al.. Neuropathic pain phenotyping by international consensus (NeuroPPIC) for genetic studies: a NeuPSIG systematic review, Delphi survey, and expert panel recommendations. Pain 2015. link 91 Shetty R, Deshpande K, Ghosh A, Sethu S. Management of Ocular Neuropathic Pain With Vitamin B12 Supplements: A Case Report. Cornea 2015. link 92 Sheng-yun L, Letu S, Jian C, Mamuti M, Jun-hui L, Zhi S et al.. Comparison of modic changes in the lumbar and cervical spine, in 3167 patients with and without spinal pain. PloS one 2014. link 93 Jongen JL, Hans G, Benzon HT, Huygen F, Hartrick CT. Neuropathic pain and pharmacological treatment. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2014. link 94 Reimer M, Helfert SM, Baron R. Phenotyping neuropathic pain patients: implications for individual therapy and clinical trials. Current opinion in supportive and palliative care 2014. link 95 Mulvey MR, Bennett MI, Liwowsky I, Freynhagen R. The role of screening tools in diagnosing neuropathic pain. Pain management 2014. link 96 Hall TD, Shah S, Ng B, Feberwee HM, Dotchin L, Vandermost M et al.. Changes in mood, depression and suicidal ideation after commencing pregabalin for neuropathic pain. Australian family physician 2014. link 97 Szczudlik A, Dobrogowski J, Wordliczek J, Stępień A, Krajnik M, Leppert W et al.. Diagnosis and management of neuropathic pain: review of literature and recommendations of the Polish Association for the study of pain and the Polish Neurological Society - part one. Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska 2014. link 98 Barbosa M, Bennett MI, Verissimo R, Carvalho D. Cross-Cultural Psychometric Assessment of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) Pain Scale in the Portuguese Population. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2014. link 99 Jagla G, Mika J, Makuch W, Obara I, Wordliczek J, Przewlocka B. Analgesic effects of antidepressants alone and after their local co-administration with morphine in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pharmacological reports : PR 2014. link 100 Szczudlik A, Dobrogowski J, Wordliczek J, Stępień A, Krajnik M, Leppert W et al.. Diagnosis and management of neuropathic pain: review of literature and recommendations of the Polish Association for the Study of Pain and the Polish Neurological Society - Part Two. Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska 2014. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      The Effects of Invasive Motor Cortex Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain: Do We See the Full Picture? — Kurt E, Bijl E, Arnts I, Pouwels S, Kollenburg L, Hanemaaijer J et al. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain (2026)
    2. [2]
      The Relationship Between Emotion Processing and Flexor Afferent Responses in Upper Limbs. — Isoardo G, Ardito RB, Ciullo S, Fontana E, Stura I, Migliaretti G et al. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) (2026)
    3. [3]
      Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. — Ateş G, Welsch P, Klose P, Phillips T, Lambers B, Häuser W et al. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2026)
    4. [4]
      Pregabalin dependence, withdrawal, suicidality and psychosis reports: A disproportionality analysis of the Australian adverse events database. — McNeilage AG, Gholamrezaei A, Murnion B, Nielsen S, Ashton-James CE British journal of clinical pharmacology (2026)
    5. [5]
      Bone SPECT/CT in the diagnosis and treatment decision making of axial pain. — Romera M, Rodrigo-Paradells V, Varela N, Guillén EF, Navarro-Astiasarán M, Domínguez-Echavarri P et al. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society (2025)
    6. [6]
      Validation of the Bengali version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain scale: A tool for differentiating neuropathic and nociceptive pain. — Sarkar SR, Tauhid MS, Khanam SA, Rouf R, Biswas J Medicine (2025)
    7. [7]
      Oral Ketamine as an Analgesic Therapy: Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials. — Umbacia MA, Calsina-Berna A, Hernández-Rico AN, Mendoza-Montenegro FA, Gallo-Hincapié JS, Ruiz Cadena LM et al. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy (2025)
    8. [8]
      Genetic Variants and Clinical Phenotyping in 39 Pediatric Patients with Neuropathic Pain. — Quade A, Lischka A, Albani S, Rossetti G, Hageb ZN, Rolke R et al. Neuropediatrics (2025)
    9. [9]
      Evaluation of pregabalin-induced oedema using the adverse event spontaneous reporting database and the prescription claims database. — Ito H, Hasegawa Y, Maeda M, Tsukioka R, Tsuchiya M, Yasuno N et al. The International journal of pharmacy practice (2025)
    10. [10]
      Rehabilitation interventions for neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. — Bäckryd E, Ghafouri N, Gerdle B, Dragioti E Journal of rehabilitation medicine (2024)
    11. [11]
      Long-term efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for chronic primary neuropathic pain in the contemporary era: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Fatima K, Javed SO, Saleem A, Marsia S, Zafar R, Noorani K et al. Journal of neurosurgical sciences (2024)
    12. [12]
      Follistatin drives neuropathic pain in mice through IGF1R signaling in nociceptive neurons. — Jiang BC, Ling YJ, Xu ML, Gu J, Wu XB, Sha WL et al. Science translational medicine (2024)
    13. [13]
      Management Considerations for Total Intervertebral Disc Replacement. — Foreman M, Patel A, Nguyen A, Foster D, Orriols A, Lucke-Wold B World neurosurgery (2024)
    14. [14]
      Discovery of Glucose Metabolism-Associated Genes in Neuropathic Pain: Insights from Bioinformatics. — Yu Y, Cheung YT, Cheung CW International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
    15. [15]
      Ketamine subcutaneous continuous infusion for non-cancer neuropathic pain at home: a case report. — Julião M, Ulrich J, Calaveiras P, Costa E, Lucas I, Faria de Sousa P BMJ supportive & palliative care (2024)
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      The Pharmacological Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Children. — Einhorn LM, Hudon J, Ingelmo P Current neuropharmacology (2024)
    17. [17]
      Combination pharmacotherapy for the treatment of neuropathic pain in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. — Balanaser M, Carley M, Baron R, Finnerup NB, Moore RA, Rowbotham MC et al. Pain (2023)
    18. [18]
      The safety and efficacy of gabapentinoids in the management of neuropathic pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. — Meaadi J, Obara I, Eldabe S, Nazar H International journal of clinical pharmacy (2023)
    19. [19]
      Effect of Type and Dose of Exercise on Neuropathic Pain After Experimental Sciatic Nerve Injury: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Matesanz-García L, Billerot C, Fundaun J, Schmid AB The journal of pain (2023)
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      Editorial for the Special Issue "Chronic Neuropathic Pain Therapy and Anaesthesia". — Miękisiak G Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2023)
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