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Ophthalmology337 papers

Optic disc disorder

Last edited: 4/17/2026

Overview

Optic disc disorders encompass various conditions affecting the optic nerve head, including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). These disorders are characterized by optic nerve damage leading to progressive vision loss, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

Diagnosis

Key Diagnostic Criteria: Elevated IOP, optic disc cupping, visual field defects, and characteristic optic disc appearance on fundoscopy 1 51.

Recommended Tests: Gonioscopy to assess the anterior chamber angle, optic nerve imaging (e.g., OCT), visual field testing, and tonometry for IOP measurement 1 51 65.

Grading: Utilize standardized grading systems such as the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) or Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson classification for optic nerve damage severity 51.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Medications: Prostaglandin analogs (e.g., latanoprost), beta-blockers (e.g., timolol), and alpha agonists (e.g., brimonidine) 1 7 66. - Laser Therapy: Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) for IOP reduction 2 29 66.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Combination Therapy: Adding a second medication class if initial therapy is insufficient 1 7. - Surgical Interventions: Trabeculectomy, canaloplasty, and MIGS devices (e.g., iStent, Hydrus) for refractory cases 4 14 30 35.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Limited evidence; cautious use of medications with low systemic absorption; monitor IOP closely 8.

Elderly: Increased risk of comorbidities; tailored treatment plans considering polypharmacy and adherence 44.

Comorbidities: Hypertension and metabolic conditions may influence management; monitor for interactions and adjust therapy accordingly 21 22 25 44.

Key Recommendations

Regular Monitoring and Early Intervention: Implement routine IOP monitoring and visual field assessments to detect early signs of optic disc damage (Evidence: Strong 1 51).

Multidisciplinary Approach: Consider patient-specific factors including comorbidities and lifestyle when selecting treatment modalities (Evidence: Moderate 44 7).

Leverage Minimally Invasive Techniques: For refractory cases, incorporate MIGS procedures to reduce IOP with fewer complications (Evidence: Moderate 30 35).

Patient Education and Adherence: Enhance patient education on medication adherence and lifestyle modifications to improve outcomes (Evidence: Moderate 57).

Teleophthalmology for Underserved Populations: Utilize teleophthalmoscopy for remote screening and management, especially in underserved regions (Evidence: Moderate 43).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 147 indexed papers.

1 Wang Z, Xue CC, Li Y, Wu Y, Pan Z, Li F et al.. Global Glaucoma Prevalence: Burden and Projection to 2060. American journal of ophthalmology 2026. link 2 Galvez-Olortegui J, Jarroudi RB, Silva-Ocas I, Bernales-Urbina S, Mollo-Bautista R, Burgueño-Montañes C et al.. Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Open Angle Glaucoma. Journal of glaucoma 2026. link 3 Song Y, Fan S, Tang L, Lin F, Li F, Lv A et al.. Two-Year Outcomes of Phacogoniotomy vs Phacotrabeculectomy for Advanced Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma With Cataract: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA ophthalmology 2025. link 4 Radcliffe NM, Harris J, Garcia K, Zwick E, Chang RT, Mbagwu M. Standalone Canaloplasty and Trabeculotomy Using the OMNI Surgical System in Eyes with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A 36-Month Analysis from the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). American journal of ophthalmology 2025. link 5 Chan PP, Zhang X, Aung T, Chew PTK, Congdon N, Dada T et al.. Controversies, consensuses, and guidelines for acute primary angle closure attack (APACA) by the Asia-Pacific Glaucoma Society (APGS) and the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO). Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2025. link 6 Xiao J, Si Z, Qiu M. Effectiveness and Safety of Resident-Performed Same-Day Bilateral 360-Degree Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma. Journal of glaucoma 2025. link 7 Liu J, Kim IM, Chen EM, Porco TC, McLeod SD, Gazzard G et al.. Open Angle Glaucoma Treatment Preferences of Glaucoma Specialists in the United States. Journal of glaucoma 2025. link 8 Nnubia CA, Nwosu SNN, Okpala NE, Apakama AI, Orji IJ, Uba-Obiano CU et al.. Multiple medications and quality of life of Nigerians with primary open angle glaucoma. European journal of ophthalmology 2025. link 9 Lin WY, Wang JJ, Chen CY, Liu CY, Lin MH, Yang YH et al.. The Relationship Between Carotid Artery Stenosis and the Development of Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Long-term Cohort Study in Taiwan. Ophthalmic epidemiology 2025. link 10 Ahmed IIK, Sheybani A, De Francesco T, Samuelson TW. Corneal endothelial safety profile in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery 2024. link 11 Lo Faro V, Bhattacharya A, Zhou W, Zhou D, Wang Y, Läll K et al.. Novel ancestry-specific primary open-angle glaucoma loci and shared biology with vascular mechanisms and cell proliferation. Cell reports. Medicine 2024. link 12 Balas M, Mathew DJ. Dysphotopsia and location of laser iridotomy: a systematic review. Eye (London, England) 2024. link 13 Li J, Chen Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Su G, Wang SK et al.. Linking Iris Cis-Regulatory Variants to Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Via Clinical Imaging and Multiomics. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2024. link 14 Zaifar A, Pratomo TG, Suryono AN. Comparison between MIGS with trabeculectomy in the management of open-angle glaucoma with cataract: A systematic review. Indian journal of ophthalmology 2024. link 15 Song Y, Lin F, Lv A, Zhang Y, Lu L, Xie L et al.. Phacogoniotomy versus phacotrabeculectomy for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract: A randomized non-inferiority trial. Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2024. link 16 Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Lee AG, Berdahl J. Anatomical considerations for reducing ocular emergencies during spaceflight. Irish journal of medical science 2024. link 17 Rhee DJ, Sancheti H, Rothman AL, Herndon L, Brubaker JW, Patrianakos T et al.. Primary Practice Patterns for the Initial Management of Open Angle Glaucoma. Journal of glaucoma 2024. link 18 Chopra V, Takusagawa HL, Rosdahl JA, Sit AJ, Richter GM, Ou Y et al.. Aqueous Shunts with Extraocular Reservoir for Open-Angle Adult Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2024. link 19 Richter GM, Takusagawa HL, Sit AJ, Rosdahl JA, Chopra V, Ou Y et al.. Trabecular Procedures Combined with Cataract Surgery for Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2024. link 20 Aftab OM, Khan H, Khouri AS. Blind Spots in Therapy: Unveiling Drug-Induced Angle-Closure Glaucoma Through a National Analysis. Ophthalmology. Glaucoma 2024. link 21 Ezzati Amini E, Moradi Y. Association between helicobacter pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC ophthalmology 2023. link 22 Liu MX, Zhou M, Li DL, Dong XX, Liang G, Pan CW. Corneal Biomechanics in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of glaucoma 2023. link 23 Sood S, Iskander M, Heilenbach N, Chen D, Al-Aswad LA. A Review of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses for Open Angle Glaucoma Management. Journal of glaucoma 2023. link 24 Rong SS, Yu X. Phenotypic and Genetic Links between Body Fat Measurements and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 25 Wu J, Wang H, Yu S. Hypertension as a Risk Factor for Primary Open-angle Glaucoma: A Meta-analysis. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2023. link 26 Yao L, Yang X, Jia S, Wang W, Yang X, Bai H. Combined Surgery Versus Phacoemulsification Alone for Patients with Primary Angle‑Closure Glaucoma: A meta-analysis. Seminars in ophthalmology 2023. link 27 Katsimpris A, Baumeister SE, Baurecht H, Tatham AJ, Nolde M. Cannabis use and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: a Mendelian randomization study. Scientific reports 2023. link 28 Velamala IP, Bharathi M. Gonioscopy Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy:A Boon to Developing Nations-A Systematic Review. Seminars in ophthalmology 2023. link 29 Gazzard G, Konstantakopoulou E, Garway-Heath D, Adeleke M, Vickerstaff V, Ambler G et al.. Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (LiGHT) Trial: Six-Year Results of Primary Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty versus Eye Drops for the Treatment of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension. Ophthalmology 2023. link 30 Siewert S, Kischkel S, Brietzke A, Kinzel L, Lindner T, Hinze U et al.. Development of a Novel Valve-Controlled Drug-Elutable Microstent for Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery: In Vitro and Preclinical In Vivo Studies. Translational vision science & technology 2023. link 31 Huang G, Wang J, Li L, Gao Y, Yan Y. Meta-Analysis of Dyslipidemia and Blood Lipid Parameters on the Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine 2022. link 32 Plotnikov D, Huang Y, Khawaja AP, Foster PJ, Zhu Z, Guggenheim JA et al.. High Blood Pressure and Intraocular Pressure: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2022. link 33 Rolim-de-Moura CR, Paranhos A, Loutfi M, Burton D, Wormald R, Evans JR. Laser trabeculoplasty for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2022. link 34 Hu R, Guo D, Hong N, Xuan X, Wang X. Comparison of Hydrus and iStent microinvasive glaucoma surgery implants in combination with phacoemulsification for treatment of open-angle glaucoma: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ open 2022. link 35 Ahmed IIK, De Francesco T, Rhee D, McCabe C, Flowers B, Gazzard G et al.. Long-term Outcomes from the HORIZON Randomized Trial for a Schlemm's Canal Microstent in Combination Cataract and Glaucoma Surgery. Ophthalmology 2022. link 36 Anderssen-Nordahl E, Riera-Arnau J, Perelló Carrascosa M, Gómez Muñoz A. Application of pharmacovigilance tools in a case of subacute anterior angle narrowing while under furosemide exposure. BMJ case reports 2022. link 37 Wändell P, Carlsson AC, Ljunggren G. Systemic diseases and their association with open-angle glaucoma in the population of Stockholm. International ophthalmology 2022. link 38 Gharahkhani P, Jorgenson E, Hysi P, Khawaja AP, Pendergrass S, Han X et al.. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 127 open-angle glaucoma loci with consistent effect across ancestries. Nature communications 2021. link 39 Bicket AK, Le JT, Azuara-Blanco A, Gazzard G, Wormald R, Bunce C et al.. Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgical Techniques for Open-Angle Glaucoma: An Overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews and Network Meta-analysis. JAMA ophthalmology 2021. link 40 Ong AY, Ng SM, Vedula SS, Friedman DS. Lens extraction for chronic angle-closure glaucoma. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2021. link 41 Biggerstaff KS, White DL, Frankfort BJ, Richardson P, Orengo-Nania S, Garcia J et al.. Gout and open-angle glaucoma risk in a veteran population. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 2021. link 42 Huynh B, Shah P, Sii F, Hunter D, Carnt N, White A. Low systemic vitamin D as a potential risk factor in primary open-angle glaucoma: a review of current evidence. The British journal of ophthalmology 2021. link 43 Choudhari NS, Chandran P, Rao HL, Jonnadula GB, Addepalli UK, Senthil S et al.. LVPEI Glaucoma Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study: teleophthalmology screening for angle-closure disease in an underserved region. Eye (London, England) 2020. link 44 Jung Y, Han K, Park HYL, Lee SH, Park CK. Metabolic Health, Obesity, and the Risk of Developing Open-Angle Glaucoma: Metabolically Healthy Obese Patients versus Metabolically Unhealthy but Normal Weight Patients. Diabetes & metabolism journal 2020. link 45 Chang TC, Vanner EA, Parrish RK. Glaucoma surgery preferences when the surgeon adopts the role of the patient. Eye (London, England) 2019. link 46 Rao HL, Sreenivasaiah S, Riyazuddin M, Dasari S, Dixit S, Venugopal JP et al.. Choroidal Microvascular Dropout in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma. American journal of ophthalmology 2019. link 47 Yang Y, Ma QY, Yang Y, He YP, Ma CT, Li Q et al.. Evidence-based practice guideline of Chinese herbal medicine for primary open-angle glaucoma (qingfeng -neizhang). Medicine 2018. link 48 Stanley J, Huisingh CE, Swain TA, McGwin G, Owsley C, Girkin CA et al.. Compliance With Primary Open-angle Glaucoma and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma Suspect Preferred Practice Patterns in a Retail-based Eye Clinic. Journal of glaucoma 2018. link 49 Rim TH, Lee SY, Bae HW, Kim SS, Kim CY. Increased stroke risk among patients with open-angle glaucoma: a 10-year follow-up cohort study. The British journal of ophthalmology 2018. link 50 Ehrlich JR, Wentzloff JN, Imami NR, Blachley TS, Stein JD, Lee PP et al.. Establishing a Regional Glaucoma Physician Collaborative to Improve Quality of Care. American journal of ophthalmology 2017. link 51 Prum BE, Rosenberg LF, Gedde SJ, Mansberger SL, Stein JD, Moroi SE et al.. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Preferred Practice Pattern(®) Guidelines. Ophthalmology 2016. link 52 Prum BE, Lim MC, Mansberger SL, Stein JD, Moroi SE, Gedde SJ et al.. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Suspect Preferred Practice Pattern(®) Guidelines. Ophthalmology 2016. link 53 . A novel method to predict visual field progression more accurately, using intraocular pressure measurements in glaucoma patients. Scientific reports 2016. link 54 Mihlstin M, Juzych MS, Kromrei HT, Hwang FS, Yin J. Resident Compliance With the American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Suspect. Journal of glaucoma 2016. link 55 Goncalves A, Milea D, Gohier P, Jallet G, Leruez S, Baskaran M et al.. Serum vitamin D status is associated with the presence but not the severity of primary open angle glaucoma. Maturitas 2015. link 56 Greninger DA, Lowry EA, Porco TC, Naseri A, Stamper RL, Han Y. Resident-performed selective laser trabeculoplasty in patients with open-angle glaucoma. JAMA ophthalmology 2014. link 57 Cohen Castel O, Keinan-Boker L, Geyer O, Milman U, Karkabi K. Factors associated with adherence to glaucoma pharmacotherapy in the primary care setting. Family practice 2014. link 58 Verma S, Arora S, Kassam F, Edwards MC, Damji KF. Northern Alberta remote teleglaucoma program: clinical outcomes and patient disposition. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2014. link 59 Rao A, Gupta V, Garudadri CS. Atypical ocular ischaemia in angle-closure glaucoma and anaemia. International ophthalmology 2013. link 60 Ong SS, Sanka K, Mettu PS, Brosnan TM, Stinnett SS, Lee PP et al.. Resident compliance with the american academy of ophthalmology preferred practice pattern guidelines for primary open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2013. link 61 Sandhu S, Van Wijngaarden P, Nguyen DQ, O'Hare F, Sandhu N, Wang JJ et al.. Sociodemographic factors and utilization of eye care services: is there an association with patients presenting to a tertiary referral hospital in acute angle-closure?. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology 2013. link 62 Li T, Dickersin K. Citation of previous meta-analyses on the same topic: a clue to perpetuation of incorrect methods?. Ophthalmology 2013. link 63 Lerner SF, Singh K, Susanna R, Wilson MR, Lee BL, Maul E. RAND-like appropriateness methodology consensus for primary open-angle glaucoma in Latin America. American journal of ophthalmology 2012. link 64 Stein JD, Talwar N, Laverne AM, Nan B, Lichter PR. Trends in use of ancillary glaucoma tests for patients with open-angle glaucoma from 2001 to 2009. Ophthalmology 2012. link 65 White J. Diagnosis and management of acute angle-closure glaucoma. Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association 2011. link 66 Samples JR, Singh K, Lin SC, Francis BA, Hodapp E, Jampel HD et al.. Laser trabeculoplasty for open-angle glaucoma: a report by the american academy of ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2011. link 67 Ou Y, Goldberg I, Migdal C, Lee PP. A critical appraisal and comparison of the quality and recommendations of glaucoma clinical practice guidelines. Ophthalmology 2011. link 68 Francis BA, Singh K, Lin SC, Hodapp E, Jampel HD, Samples JR et al.. Novel glaucoma procedures: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2011. link 69 Krasińska B, Karolczak-Kulesza M, Krasiński Z, Pawlaczyk-Gabriel K, Niklas A, Głuszek J et al.. A marked fall in nocturnal blood pressure is associated with the stage of primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with arterial hypertension. Blood pressure 2011. link 70 Senthil S, Garudadri C, Rao HB, Maheshwari R. Bilateral simultaneous acute angle closure caused by sulphonamide derivatives: a case series. Indian journal of ophthalmology 2010. link 71 Li T, Ervin AM, Scherer R, Jampel H, Dickersin K. Setting priorities for comparative effectiveness research: a case study using primary open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2010. link 72 Singer MS, Salim S. Bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma as a complication of facedown spine surgery. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2010. link 73 Chien KH, Lu DW, Chen YH, Cheng JH, Chen JT. Relief of periorbital pain after acute angle closure glaucoma attack by botulinum toxin type A. Journal of glaucoma 2010. link 74 Hewitt AW, Sanfilippo P, Ring MA, Craig JE, Mackey DA. Mortality in primary open-angle glaucoma: 'two cupped discs and a funeral'. Eye (London, England) 2010. link 75 Hewitt AW, Wu J, Green CM, Lai T, Kearns LS, Craig JE et al.. Systemic disease associations of familial and sporadic glaucoma: the Glaucoma Inheritance Study in Tasmania. Acta ophthalmologica 2010. link 76 Yamreudeewong W, Dell AA, Pulley KR, Stepp PD. Asymptomatic bradycardia possibly associated with travoprost therapy. Journal of pharmacy practice 2010. link 77 Patel SP, Sit AJ. A practice model for trabecular meshwork surgery. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 2009. link 78 Jampel HD, Friedman D, Quigley H, Vitale S, Miller R, Knezevich F et al.. Agreement among glaucoma specialists in assessing progressive disc changes from photographs in open-angle glaucoma patients. American journal of ophthalmology 2009. link 79 Wilson MR, Lee PP, Weinreb RN, Lee BL, Singh K. A panel assessment of glaucoma management: modification of existing RAND-like methodology for consensus in ophthalmology. Part I: Methodology and design. American journal of ophthalmology 2008. link 80 Stein JD, Ayyagari P, Sloan FA, Lee PP. Rates of glaucoma medication utilization among persons with primary open-angle glaucoma, 1992 to 2002. Ophthalmology 2008. link 81 Peeters A, Schouten JS, Webers CA, Prins MH, Hendrikse F, Severens JL. Cost-effectiveness of early detection and treatment of ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma by the ophthalmologist. Eye (London, England) 2008. link 82 Singh K, Lee BL, Wilson MR. A panel assessment of glaucoma management: modification of existing RAND-like methodology for consensus in ophthalmology. Part II: Results and interpretation. American journal of ophthalmology 2008. link 83 Nolan WP. Prevention of primary angle-closure glaucoma in Asia. The British journal of ophthalmology 2007. link 84 Lin SC, Singh K, Jampel HD, Hodapp EA, Smith SD, Francis BA et al.. Optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2007. link 85 Dueker DK, Singh K, Lin SC, Fechtner RD, Minckler DS, Samples JR et al.. Corneal thickness measurement in the management of primary open-angle glaucoma: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2007. link 86 Müskens RP, de Voogd S, Wolfs RC, Witteman JC, Hofman A, de Jong PT et al.. Systemic antihypertensive medication and incident open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2007. link 87 Gordon-Bennett P, Ung T, Stephenson C, Hingorani M. Misdiagnosis of angle closure glaucoma. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2006. link 88 Nolan W. Lens extraction in primary angle closure. The British journal of ophthalmology 2006. link 89 Kashiwagi K, Tsukahara S. Examination and treatment of patients with angle-closure glaucoma in Japan: results of a nationwide survey. Japanese journal of ophthalmology 2004. link 90 Bojić L, Mandić Z, Ivanisević M, Bucan K, Kovacević S, Gverović A et al.. Incidence of acute angle-closure glaucoma in Dalmatia, southern Croatia. Croatian medical journal 2004. link 91 Bell NP, Orengo-Nania S, Pietz K, Gross RL. Aspirin use in advanced uncontrolled glaucoma. Journal of glaucoma 2004. link 92 Tuulonen A, Airaksinen PJ, Erola E, Forsman E, Friberg K, Kaila M et al.. The Finnish evidence-based guideline for open-angle glaucoma. Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica 2003. link 93 Wirtz MK, Samples JR. The genetic loci of open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology clinics of North America 2003. link00067-1) 94 Iskedjian M, Walker J, Vicente C, Trope GE, Buys Y, Einarson TR et al.. Cost of glaucoma in Canada: analyses based on visual field and physician's assessment. Journal of glaucoma 2003. link 95 Fremont AM, Lee PP, Mangione CM, Kapur K, Adams JL, Wickstrom SL et al.. Patterns of care for open-angle glaucoma in managed care. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 2003. link 96 Kroese M, Burton H, Vardy S, Rimmer T, McCarter D. Prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma in general ophthalmic practice in the United Kingdom. The British journal of ophthalmology 2002. link 97 Serle J, Cantor L, Gross R, Katz J, Mundorf T, Noecker R et al.. Best practice treatment algorithm for primary open-angle glaucoma: implications for U.S. ophthalmology practice. Managed care interface 2002. link 98 Edmunds B, Thompson JR, Salmon JF, Wormald RP. The National Survey of Trabeculectomy. III. Early and late complications. Eye (London, England) 2002. link 99 Güven D, Karakurt A, Ziraman I, Hasiripi H. Non-penetrating deep sclerectomy in unilateral open-angle glaucoma secondary to idiopathic dilated episcleral veins. European journal of ophthalmology 2002. link 100 Mandal AK, Das T, Gothwal VK. Angle closure glaucoma in nanophthalmos and pigmentary retinal dystrophy: a rare syndrome. Indian journal of ophthalmology 2001. link

Original source

[1]
Global Glaucoma Prevalence: Burden and Projection to 2060. — Wang Z, Xue CC, Li Y, Wu Y, Pan Z, Li F et al. American journal of ophthalmology (2026)
[2]
Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Open Angle Glaucoma. — Galvez-Olortegui J, Jarroudi RB, Silva-Ocas I, Bernales-Urbina S, Mollo-Bautista R, Burgueño-Montañes C et al. Journal of glaucoma (2026)
[3]
Two-Year Outcomes of Phacogoniotomy vs Phacotrabeculectomy for Advanced Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma With Cataract: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. — Song Y, Fan S, Tang L, Lin F, Li F, Lv A et al. JAMA ophthalmology (2025)
[4]
Standalone Canaloplasty and Trabeculotomy Using the OMNI Surgical System in Eyes with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A 36-Month Analysis from the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). — Radcliffe NM, Harris J, Garcia K, Zwick E, Chang RT, Mbagwu M American journal of ophthalmology (2025)
[5]
Controversies, consensuses, and guidelines for acute primary angle closure attack (APACA) by the Asia-Pacific Glaucoma Society (APGS) and the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO). — Chan PP, Zhang X, Aung T, Chew PTK, Congdon N, Dada T et al. Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) (2025)
[6]
Effectiveness and Safety of Resident-Performed Same-Day Bilateral 360-Degree Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma. — Xiao J, Si Z, Qiu M Journal of glaucoma (2025)
[7]
Open Angle Glaucoma Treatment Preferences of Glaucoma Specialists in the United States. — Liu J, Kim IM, Chen EM, Porco TC, McLeod SD, Gazzard G et al. Journal of glaucoma (2025)
[8]
Multiple medications and quality of life of Nigerians with primary open angle glaucoma. — Nnubia CA, Nwosu SNN, Okpala NE, Apakama AI, Orji IJ, Uba-Obiano CU et al. European journal of ophthalmology (2025)
[9]
The Relationship Between Carotid Artery Stenosis and the Development of Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Long-term Cohort Study in Taiwan. — Lin WY, Wang JJ, Chen CY, Liu CY, Lin MH, Yang YH et al. Ophthalmic epidemiology (2025)
[10]
Corneal endothelial safety profile in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. — Ahmed IIK, Sheybani A, De Francesco T, Samuelson TW Journal of cataract and refractive surgery (2024)
[11]
Novel ancestry-specific primary open-angle glaucoma loci and shared biology with vascular mechanisms and cell proliferation. — Lo Faro V, Bhattacharya A, Zhou W, Zhou D, Wang Y, Läll K et al. Cell reports. Medicine (2024)
[12]
Dysphotopsia and location of laser iridotomy: a systematic review. — Balas M, Mathew DJ Eye (London, England) (2024)
[13]
Linking Iris Cis-Regulatory Variants to Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Via Clinical Imaging and Multiomics. — Li J, Chen Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Su G, Wang SK et al. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science (2024)
[14]
Comparison between MIGS with trabeculectomy in the management of open-angle glaucoma with cataract: A systematic review. — Zaifar A, Pratomo TG, Suryono AN Indian journal of ophthalmology (2024)
[15]
Phacogoniotomy versus phacotrabeculectomy for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract: A randomized non-inferiority trial. — Song Y, Lin F, Lv A, Zhang Y, Lu L, Xie L et al. Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) (2024)
[16]
Anatomical considerations for reducing ocular emergencies during spaceflight. — Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Lee AG, Berdahl J Irish journal of medical science (2024)
[17]
Primary Practice Patterns for the Initial Management of Open Angle Glaucoma. — Rhee DJ, Sancheti H, Rothman AL, Herndon L, Brubaker JW, Patrianakos T et al. Journal of glaucoma (2024)
[18]
Aqueous Shunts with Extraocular Reservoir for Open-Angle Adult Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. — Chopra V, Takusagawa HL, Rosdahl JA, Sit AJ, Richter GM, Ou Y et al. Ophthalmology (2024)
[19]
Trabecular Procedures Combined with Cataract Surgery for Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. — Richter GM, Takusagawa HL, Sit AJ, Rosdahl JA, Chopra V, Ou Y et al. Ophthalmology (2024)
[20]
Blind Spots in Therapy: Unveiling Drug-Induced Angle-Closure Glaucoma Through a National Analysis. — Aftab OM, Khan H, Khouri AS Ophthalmology. Glaucoma (2024)
[21]
Association between helicobacter pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Ezzati Amini E, Moradi Y BMC ophthalmology (2023)
[22]
Corneal Biomechanics in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. — Liu MX, Zhou M, Li DL, Dong XX, Liang G, Pan CW Journal of glaucoma (2023)
[23]
A Review of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses for Open Angle Glaucoma Management. — Sood S, Iskander M, Heilenbach N, Chen D, Al-Aswad LA Journal of glaucoma (2023)
[24]
Phenotypic and Genetic Links between Body Fat Measurements and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. — Rong SS, Yu X International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
[25]
Hypertension as a Risk Factor for Primary Open-angle Glaucoma: A Meta-analysis. — Wu J, Wang H, Yu S Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2023)
[26]
Combined Surgery Versus Phacoemulsification Alone for Patients with Primary Angle‑Closure Glaucoma: A meta-analysis. — Yao L, Yang X, Jia S, Wang W, Yang X, Bai H Seminars in ophthalmology (2023)
[27]
Cannabis use and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: a Mendelian randomization study. — Katsimpris A, Baumeister SE, Baurecht H, Tatham AJ, Nolde M Scientific reports (2023)
[28]
Gonioscopy Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy:A Boon to Developing Nations-A Systematic Review. — Velamala IP, Bharathi M Seminars in ophthalmology (2023)
[29]
Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (LiGHT) Trial: Six-Year Results of Primary Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty versus Eye Drops for the Treatment of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension. — Gazzard G, Konstantakopoulou E, Garway-Heath D, Adeleke M, Vickerstaff V, Ambler G et al. Ophthalmology (2023)
[30]
Development of a Novel Valve-Controlled Drug-Elutable Microstent for Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery: In Vitro and Preclinical In Vivo Studies. — Siewert S, Kischkel S, Brietzke A, Kinzel L, Lindner T, Hinze U et al. Translational vision science & technology (2023)
[31]
Meta-Analysis of Dyslipidemia and Blood Lipid Parameters on the Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. — Huang G, Wang J, Li L, Gao Y, Yan Y Computational and mathematical methods in medicine (2022)
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