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Infectious peritonitis

Last edited: 4/22/2026

Overview

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an immune-mediated disease caused by certain strains of feline coronavirus (FCoV), leading to vasculitis and multi-systemic complications in cats 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical signs include effusion (often serous or fibrinous), fever, anorexia, weight loss, and neurological symptoms 1.
  • Abdominal or thoracic effusion analysis may reveal elevated protein levels and total nucleated cell counts 1.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for FCoV can identify viral presence but does not distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains 1.
  • Serological tests for FCoV antibodies are not specific for FIP diagnosis 1.

    • Management

  • No definitive cure exists; management focuses on supportive care and symptom control 1.
  • Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants (e.g., glucocorticoids) may be used to modulate the immune response, though efficacy varies 1.
  • Novel antiviral therapies and immunomodulatory treatments are under investigation but not yet widely validated 1.

    • Special Populations

  • No specific guidance provided for pregnancy, pediatrics, elderly, or comorbid conditions in the given abstracts 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Utilize effusion analysis for diagnostic support in suspected cases (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Consider immunosuppressive therapy cautiously, balancing potential benefits against risks (Evidence: Weak 1).
  • Monitor clinical signs closely and provide supportive care tailored to individual patient needs (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).

    • References

    1 August JR. Feline infectious peritonitis. An immune-mediated coronaviral vasculitis. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice 1984. link50102-8)

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Feline infectious peritonitis. An immune-mediated coronaviral vasculitis. — August JR The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice (1984)
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