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Psychiatry121 papers

Harmful pattern of use of heroin

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Heroin addiction is a chronic relapsing condition characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences 1. Standard opioid substitution treatments (OST) may be ineffective for some individuals with long-term heroin addictions 1.

Diagnosis

Management

  • Supervised heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) has been shown to be effective for individuals with long-term heroin addictions for whom standard OST has been ineffective 1.
  • HAT has demonstrated statistically significant improvements in retention compared to other OST 1.
  • HAT has also been associated with improvements in street drug use, health, and social functioning 1.
  • Special Populations

    Key Recommendations

  • Supervised heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) is an effective treatment option for individuals with long-term heroin addictions who have not responded to standard opioid substitution treatments (OST) 1. (Evidence: Strong)
  • HAT can improve retention in treatment for individuals with chronic heroin addiction 1. (Evidence: Strong)
  • HAT may lead to improvements in street drug use, health outcomes, and social functioning in individuals with chronic heroin addiction 1. (Evidence: Strong)
  • References

    1 McNair R, Monaghan M, Montgomery P. Heroin assisted treatment for key health outcomes in people with chronic heroin addictions: A context-focused systematic review. Drug and alcohol dependence 2023. link

    Original source

    1. [1]

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