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Cardiology483 papers

Visceral ischemia

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Intestinal and visceral ischemia involve inadequate blood supply leading to tissue damage, often exacerbated by reperfusion, causing severe inflammation and potential organ failure. Limb ischemia similarly affects peripheral vascular function, necessitating urgent intervention to prevent limb loss and systemic complications. 1 8 21

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting (intestinal); pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis (limb).

Imaging: CT angiography, MRI, and duplex ultrasound for visualizing vascular occlusions and perfusion deficits. 3 23 37

Laboratory Tests: Elevated lactate levels, D-lactate as a biomarker for intestinal ischemia, and inflammatory markers like CRP. 40 58

Endoscopic and Histopathological: Evaluation for mucosal changes and tissue damage post-reperfusion. 2 8 48

Management

Surgical Intervention: Thrombectomy, bypass surgery (e.g., axillary to lateral above knee popliteal artery bypass), and aneurysm repair. 3 5 12 51

Medical Therapy: Use of thrombolytics, vasodilators (e.g., sildenafil), and anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., dexmedetomidine). 21 22 19

Biomarker Monitoring: Regular assessment of D-lactate and I-FABP levels to guide treatment efficacy. 40 32

Supportive Care: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, preconditioning techniques (e.g., ischemic preconditioning), and antioxidant supplementation. 10 67 66

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Neonatal limb ischemia requires careful monitoring and interventions like caudal blockade and NIRS monitoring. 46

Elderly: Increased risk of complications; tailored revascularization strategies and close monitoring essential. 3 5

Comorbidities: Patients with malignancy or prior radiation may require alternative revascularization approaches due to compromised vascular beds. 5 15

Key Recommendations

Urgent Revascularization: Perform immediate surgical or endovascular revascularization for limb ischemia to prevent limb loss (Evidence: Strong 3 12).

Monitor Biomarkers: Utilize D-lactate and I-FABP levels for early detection and assessment of intestinal ischemia severity (Evidence: Moderate 40 32).

Consider Preconditioning Techniques: Implement ischemic preconditioning to mitigate reperfusion injury in surgical settings (Evidence: Moderate 67 68).

Supportive Therapies: Employ hyperbaric oxygen therapy and antioxidant treatments to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation (Evidence: Weak 10 66).

Tailored Approaches for Special Populations: Adapt management strategies based on age and comorbidities to optimize outcomes (Evidence: Expert opinion 46 5).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 257 indexed papers.

1 He S, Wang L, Wang Z, Yu S, Zhu Q, Xu Y et al.. (no title). Molecular medicine reports 2026. link 2 Refaie MMM, Majeed NAMA, Shehata S, Muhammed AA, Hassan SM, Sherkawy HS et al.. Amelioration of intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury by diacerein via regulation of inflammasome/caspase-1/IL-1β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in juvenile rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 2026. link 3 Tuleja A, Zbinden S, Ettorre L, Ruffino MA, Heymann G, Deslarzes C et al.. The thrombectomy in limb ischemia score (TILI-Score): score proposal and results of an interobserver readability survey. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2026. link 4 Chim MSM, How GY, Hong QT, Lo ZJ, Pua U. Case report: Deep vein arterialization for limb salvage in a patient with subacute limb ischemia. Vascular 2025. link 5 Nguyen T, Tenewitz P, Shames M, Parikh R. Axillary to Lateral Above Knee Popliteal Artery Bypass: An Alternative Approach to Lower Extremity Revascularization. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2025. link 6 Balamuthusamy S, Dhanabalsamy N, Bala MS, Reddy P, Siddiqui A, Ellappan M et al.. Arterial revascularization in patients with hand pain dialyzing with upper arm Arteriovenous (AV) fistulas: A single center experience. The journal of vascular access 2025. link 7 Khanzadeh M, Babadi S, Ghaedi A, Meidani FZ, Rahmati R, Aminizadeh S et al.. A Systematic Review on the Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Limb Ischemia. Annals of vascular surgery 2025. link 8 Jing Y, Zhang Y, Kadier T, Ding K, Chen R, Meng Q. Mitochondrial DNA release via mPTP and BAX/BAK drives inflammatory injury in intestinal ischemia reperfusion. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 2025. link 9 Liu ZM, Zhang YN, Zhang HF, Zhang XY. Combined PD-1 and IL-10 blockade reinvigorates mucosal CD8. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2025. link 10 Song S, Li R, Wu C, Dong J, Wang P. EFFECTS OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY ON INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION AND ITS MECHANISM. Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 2024. link 11 Zhu JX, Dun Y, Wu W, Shen J, Zhang F, Zhang L. Curcumin suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting NKD2 methylation to ameliorate intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 2024. link 12 Dunlap E, Conway R, Conway L, Fox C, Nagarsheth K. Percutaneous Aortoiliac Thromboendarterectomy for Acute Limb Ischemia. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2024. link 13 Karaman E, Onder GO, Goktepe O, Karakas E, Mat OC, Bolat D et al.. Protective Effects of Boric Acid Taken in Different Ways on Experimental Ovarian İschemia and Reperfusion. Biological trace element research 2024. link 14 He D, Jiang X, Tian M, Niu X, Wei F, Wu B et al.. Pathogenicity of goose astrovirus genotype 2 in chickens. Poultry science 2023. link 15 Soares DJ, Bowhay A, Blevins LW, Patel SM, Zuliani GF. Patterns of Filler-Induced Facial Skin Ischemia: A Systematic Review of 243 Cases and Introduction of the FOEM Scoring System and Grading Scale. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 2023. link 16 Yi Z, Ding R, Cao R, Sun W, Sun M, Dong Y et al.. Development of a duplex TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of goose astrovirus genotypes 1 and 2. Journal of virological methods 2022. link 17 Zhu Y, Wang H, Hua J, Ye W, Chen L, Ni Z et al.. Isolation and Pathogenicity of a Novel Goose Astrovirus from Overfed Adult Landaise Geese in China. Viruses 2022. link 18 Li L, Sun M, Zhang Y, Liao M. A Review of the Emerging Poultry Visceral Gout Disease Linked to Avian Astrovirus Infection. International journal of molecular sciences 2022. link 19 Yang J, Wu Y, Xu Y, Jia J, Xi W, Deng H et al.. Dexmedetomidine Resists Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling. The Journal of surgical research 2021. link 20 Kirmizi DA, Baser E, Okan A, Kara M, Yalvac ES, Doganyigit Z. The effect of a natural molecule in ovary ischemia reperfusion damage: does lycopene protect ovary?. Experimental animals 2021. link 21 Moore HM, Drucker NA, Hosfield BD, Shelley WC, Markel TA. Sildenafil as a Rescue Agent Following Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. The Journal of surgical research 2020. link 22 Bayram S, Parlar A, Arslan SO. The curative effect of cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist on functional failure and disruptive inflammation caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 2020. link 23 Quero G, Lapergola A, Barberio M, Seeliger B, Saccomandi P, Guerriero L et al.. Discrimination between arterial and venous bowel ischemia by computer-assisted analysis of the fluorescent signal. Surgical endoscopy 2019. link 24 Tackett JJ, Gandotra N, Bamdad MC, Muise ED, Cowles RA. Potentiation of serotonin signaling protects against intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice. Neurogastroenterology and motility 2019. link 25 Takahashi T, Nakatsuka R, Hara H, Higashi S, Tanaka K, Miyazaki Y et al.. Feasibility of real-time intestinal bloodstream evaluation using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in a porcine intestinal ischemia model. Surgical endoscopy 2018. link 26 Englund EK, Rodgers ZB, Langham MC, Mohler ER, Floyd TF, Wehrli FW. Simultaneous measurement of macro- and microvascular blood flow and oxygen saturation for quantification of muscle oxygen consumption. Magnetic resonance in medicine 2018. link 27 Sun Y, Lian M, Lin Y, Xu B, Li Y, Wen J et al.. Role of p-MKK7 in myricetin-induced protection against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacological research 2018. link 28 Liu Z, Li L, Chen W, Wang Q, Xiao W, Ma Y et al.. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation maintained the intestinal epithelial barrier function through Notch1 dependent signaling pathway. International journal of molecular medicine 2018. link 29 Pane B, Gazzola V, Spinella G, Bagnato P, Grillo F, Vellone VG et al.. Inflammatory Response Modulation through a PPARγ Agonist during Surgically Induced Visceral Ischemia in an Animal Model. Annals of vascular surgery 2018. link 30 Andelman SM, Walsh AL, Rubin TA, Hausman MR. Acute Hand Ischemia Following Elective Venous Sclerotherapy for Dorsal Hand Varicose Veins. The Journal of hand surgery 2017. link 31 Arshid S, Tahir M, Fontes B, Montero EF, Castro MS, Sidoli S et al.. Neutrophil proteomic analysis reveals the participation of antioxidant enzymes, motility and ribosomal proteins in the prevention of ischemic effects by preconditioning. Journal of proteomics 2017. link 32 Kano H, Takahashi H, Inoue T, Tanaka H, Okita Y. Transition of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein on hypothermic circulatory arrest with cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion 2017. link 33 Huang CY, Kuo WT, Huang CY, Lee TC, Chen CT, Peng WH et al.. Distinct cytoprotective roles of pyruvate and ATP by glucose metabolism on epithelial necroptosis and crypt proliferation in ischaemic gut. The Journal of physiology 2017. link 34 Lai CH, Lee CH, Hung CY, Lo HC. Oral Citrulline Mitigates Inflammation and Jejunal Damage via the Inactivation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nuclear Factor-κB in Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion. JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition 2017. link 35 Takeda M, Miyahara K, Okawada M, Akazawa C, Lane GJ, Yamataka A. Semaphorin 3A expression following intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in Sox10-Venus mice. Pediatric surgery international 2017. link 36 Towse TF, Childs BT, Sabin SA, Bush EC, Elder CP, Damon BM. Comparison of muscle BOLD responses to arterial occlusion at 3 and 7 Tesla. Magnetic resonance in medicine 2016. link 37 Umapathi BA, Friel CM, Stukenborg GJ, Hedrick TL. Estimating the risk of bowel ischemia requiring surgery in patients with tomographic evidence of pneumatosis intestinalis. American journal of surgery 2016. link 38 Taşkınlar H, Naycı A, Çömelekoğlu Ü, Polat G, Zorludemir S, Avlan D. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion induced diaphragm contractility dysfunction: Electrophysiological and ultrastructural study in a neonatal rat model. Journal of pediatric surgery 2016. link 39 Shen JT, Li YS, Xia ZQ, Wen SH, Yao X, Yang WJ et al.. Remifentanil preconditioning protects the small intestine against ischemia/reperfusion injury via intestinal δ- and μ-opioid receptors. Surgery 2016. link 40 Nielsen C, Kirkegård J, Erlandsen EJ, Lindholt JS, Mortensen FV. D-lactate is a valid biomarker of intestinal ischemia induced by abdominal compartment syndrome. The Journal of surgical research 2015. link 41 Gonzalez LM, Moeser AJ, Blikslager AT. Animal models of ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal injury: progress and promise for translational research. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 2015. link 42 Chia D, May KK, Zaw MH, Hartman M, Robless PA, Ho P. Do thrombotic events during endovascular interventions lead to poorer outcomes in patients with severe limb ischemia?. Vascular 2015. link 43 Akcilar R, Akcilar A, Savran B, Ayada C, Koçak C, Koçak FE et al.. Effects of ukrain in rats with intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. The Journal of surgical research 2015. link 44 Marosti AR, da Silva MV, Palombit K, Mendes CE, Tavares-de-Lima W, Castelucci P. Differential effects of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in rat enteric neurons and glial cells expressing P2X2 receptors. Histology and histopathology 2015. link 45 Wu H, Deng YY, Liu L, Tan QH, Wang CH, Guo MM et al.. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion of macaques triggers a strong innate immune response. World journal of gastroenterology 2014. link 46 Piersigilli F, Bersani I, Giliberti P, Ronchetti MP, Mancinelli RL, Cavadenti I et al.. Neonatal limb ischemia: caudal blockade and NIRS monitoring. European journal of pediatrics 2014. link 47 Qiu Y, Yu M, Yang Y, Sheng H, Wang W, Sun L et al.. Disturbance of intraepithelial lymphocytes in a murine model of acute intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Journal of molecular histology 2014. link 48 Lee H, Ko EH, Lai M, Wei N, Balroop J, Kashem Z et al.. Delineating the relationships among the formation of reactive oxygen species, cell membrane instability and innate autoimmunity in intestinal reperfusion injury. Molecular immunology 2014. link 49 Albayrak G, Aykut K, Guzeloglu M, Gulcu A, Hazan E. Advanced treatment of acute femoropopliteal bypass graft occlusion with Fogarty catheter guidance. Vascular 2014. link 50 Somaio Neto F, Ikejiri AT, Bertoletto PR, Chaves JC, Teruya R, Fagundes DJ et al.. Gene expression related to oxidative stress in the heart of mice after intestinal ischemia. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 2014. link 51 Cvetkovic S, Koncar I, Dragas M, Ilic N, Pejkic S, Kostic D et al.. Posterior approach for sciatic aneurysm repair - technical note. Vascular 2014. link 52 de Lima FM, Vitoretti L, Coelho F, Albertini R, Breithaupt-Faloppa AC, de Lima WT et al.. Suppressive effect of low-level laser therapy on tracheal hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in rat subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Lasers in medical science 2013. link 53 Luttikhold J, Oosting A, van den Braak CC, van Norren K, Rijna H, van Leeuwen PA et al.. Preservation of the gut by preoperative carbohydrate loading improves postoperative food intake. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2013. link 54 Schewzow K, Andreas M, Moser E, Wolzt M, Schmid AI. Automatic model-based analysis of skeletal muscle BOLD-MRI in reactive hyperemia. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2013. link 55 Bolton PS, Budgell B. Visceral responses to spinal manipulation. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology 2012. link 56 Yurdakan G, Tekin IO, Comert M, Acikgoz S, Sipahi EY. The presence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in renal damage after intestinal ischemia reperfusion. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 2012. link 57 Lee CH, Hsiao CC, Hung CY, Chang YJ, Lo HC. Long-term enteral arginine supplementation in rats with intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. The Journal of surgical research 2012. link 58 Breithaupt-Faloppa AC, Vitoretti LB, Cavriani G, Lino-dos-Santos-Franco A, Sudo-Hayashi LS, Oliveira-Filho RM et al.. Intestinal lymph-borne factors induce lung release of inflammatory mediators and expression of adhesion molecules after an intestinal ischemic insult. The Journal of surgical research 2012. link 59 Naguib N, Mekhail P, Gupta V, Naguib N, Masoud A. Portal venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis; radiologic signs with wide range of significance in surgery. Journal of surgical education 2012. link 60 Huang CY, Hsiao JK, Lu YZ, Lee TC, Yu LC. Anti-apoptotic PI3K/Akt signaling by sodium/glucose transporter 1 reduces epithelial barrier damage and bacterial translocation in intestinal ischemia. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 2011. link 61 Flessas II, Papalois AE, Toutouzas K, Zagouri F, Zografos GC. Effects of lazaroids on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in experimental models. The Journal of surgical research 2011. link 62 Vollmar B, Menger MD. Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion: microcirculatory pathology and functional consequences. Langenbeck's archives of surgery 2011. link 63 Yang CH, Zhang MS, Li J, Zhang XP, Wang H, Hao YB. Monophosphoryl lipid A-induced delayed preconditioning in rat small intestine is mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide. Digestive diseases and sciences 2011. link 64 Ishii H, Niioka T, Izumi H. Parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in the masseter muscle compensates for carotid hypoperfusion during the vagus-mediated depressor response. Brain research 2011. link 65 Woods KM, Pope MR, Hoffman SM, Fleming SD. CR2+ marginal zone B cell production of pathogenic natural antibodies is C3 independent. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2011. link 66 Takizawa Y, Kitazato T, Kishimoto H, Tomita M, Hayashi M. Effects of antioxidants on drug absorption in in vivo intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 2011. link 67 Mallick IH, Winslet MC, Seifalian AM. Ischemic preconditioning of small bowel mitigates the late phase of reperfusion injury: heme oxygenase mediates cytoprotection. American journal of surgery 2010. link 68 Moore-Olufemi SD, Olufemi SE, Lott S, Sato N, Kozar RA, Moore FA et al.. Intestinal ischemic preconditioning after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat intestine: profiling global gene expression patterns. Digestive diseases and sciences 2010. link 69 Kumtepe Y, Odabasoglu F, Karaca M, Polat B, Halici MB, Keles ON et al.. Protective effects of telmisartan on ischemia/reperfusion injury of rat ovary: biochemical and histopathologic evaluation. Fertility and sterility 2010. link 70 Li YS, Wang ZX, Li C, Xu M, Li Y, Huang WQ et al.. Proteomics of ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat intestine with and without ischemic postconditioning. The Journal of surgical research 2010. link 71 Liu KX, Li C, Li YS, Yuan BL, Xu M, Xia Z et al.. Proteomic analysis of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and ischemic preconditioning in rats reveals the protective role of aldose reductase. Proteomics 2010. link 72 Ntinas A, Iliadis S, Alvanou Achparaki A, Vrochides D, Pitoulias G, Papageorgiou G et al.. The protective effect of oxygenated perfluorocarbons (PFCs) on intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R) in rabbits. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2010. link 73 Hosgorler FU, Atila K, Terzi C, Akhisaroglu ST, Oktay G, Kupelioglu A et al.. Carnitine protects the intestine against reperfusion injury in rats. The Journal of surgical research 2010. link 74 Crisafulli C, Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Paterniti I, Galuppo M, Genovese T et al.. Liver X receptor agonist treatment reduced splanchnic ischemia and reperfusion injury. Journal of leukocyte biology 2010. link 75 Horie T, Onodera R, Akamastu M, Ichikawa Y, Hoshino J, Kaneko E et al.. Long-term clinical outcomes for patients with lower limb ischemia implanted with G-CSF-mobilized autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Atherosclerosis 2010. link 76 Guzmán-de la Garza FJ, Cámara-Lemarroy CR, Ballesteros-Elizondo RG, Alarcón-Galván G, Cordero-Pérez P, Fernández-Garza NE. Ketamine and the myenteric plexus in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Digestive diseases and sciences 2010. link 77 Victoni T, Coelho FR, Soares AL, de Freitas A, Secher T, Guabiraba R et al.. Local and remote tissue injury upon intestinal ischemia and reperfusion depends on the TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway. Medical microbiology and immunology 2010. link 78 Nakagawa H, Tsunooka N, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida M, Nakata T, Kawachi K. Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced bacterial translocation and lung injury in atherosclerotic rats with hypoadiponectinemia. Surgery 2009. link 79 Yildiz Y, Serter M, Ek RO, Ergin K, Cecen S, Demir EM et al.. Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Digestive diseases and sciences 2009. link 80 Lauriti G, Cananzi M, Pierro A, Eaton S, de Coppi P. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury causes activation of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells. European journal of pediatric surgery : official journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [et al] = Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie 2009. link 81 Tunc T, Uysal B, Atabek C, Kesik V, Caliskan B, Oztas E et al.. Erdosteine and ebselen as useful agents in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. The Journal of surgical research 2009. link 82 Jormalainen M, Vento AE, Wartiovaara-Kautto U, Suojaranta-Ylinen R, Lauronen J, Paavonen T et al.. Ischemic intestinal injury during cardiopulmonary bypass does not show an association with neutrophil activation: a porcine study. European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes 2009. link 83 Zhang F, Tong L, Qiao H, Dong X, Qiao G, Jiang H et al.. Taurine attenuates multiple organ injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion in rats. The Journal of surgical research 2008. link 84 Watson MJ, Ke B, Shen XD, Gao F, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW et al.. Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury triggers activation of innate toll-like receptor 4 and adaptive chemokine programs. Transplantation proceedings 2008. link 85 Eryigit E, Hoentjen F, Barbe E, van Meyel JJ. Intestinal ischaemia caused by mesenteric inflammatory veno-occlusive disease. The Netherlands journal of medicine 2008. link 86 Milano PM, Douillet CD, Riesenman PJ, Robinson WP, Beidler SK, Zarzaur BL et al.. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury alters purinergic receptor expression in clinically relevant extraintestinal organs. The Journal of surgical research 2008. link 87 Ventura-Martinez R, Santiago-Mejia J, Gomez C, Rodriguez R, Fortoul TI. Acute morphological changes in guinea-pig ileum myenteric neurons after ischemia in situ with superfusion in vitro. Pathology, research and practice 2008. link 88 Pompermayer K, Amaral FA, Fagundes CT, Vieira AT, Cunha FQ, Teixeira MM et al.. Effects of the treatment with glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury. European journal of pharmacology 2007. link 89 Molina AJ, Prieto JG, Merino G, Mendoza G, Real R, Pulido MM et al.. Effects of ischemia-reperfusion on the absorption and esterase metabolism of diltiazem in rat intestine. Life sciences 2007. link 90 Wasserberg N, Pileggi A, Salgar SK, Ruiz P, Ricordi C, Inverardi L et al.. Heme oxygenase-1 upregulation protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury: a laboratory based study. International journal of surgery (London, England) 2007. link 91 Acosta S, Nilsson TK, Malina J, Malina M. L-lactate after embolization of the superior mesenteric artery. The Journal of surgical research 2007. link 92 Posma LA, Bleichrodt RP, van Goor H, Hendriks T. A prolonged interval between deep intestinal ischemia and anastomotic construction does not impair wound strength in the rat. International journal of colorectal disease 2007. link 93 Ost MC, VanderBrink BA, Rastinehad AR, Smith AD, Lee BR. Hand pain during hand assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy--an ischemic event?. The Journal of urology 2006. link00514-3) 94 Mensink PB, van Petersen AS, Geelkerken RH, Otte JA, Huisman AB, Kolkman JJ. Clinical significance of splanchnic artery stenosis. The British journal of surgery 2006. link 95 Golshevsky J, Chuen J, Tung PH. Hair-thread tourniquet syndrome. Journal of paediatrics and child health 2005. link 96 Hall NJ, Smith VV, Harding B, Pierro A, Eaton S. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury does not lead to acute central nervous system damage. The Journal of surgical research 2005. link 97 Kozhura VL, Basarab DA, Timkina MI, Golubev AM, Reshetnyak VI, Moroz VV. Reperfusion injury after critical intestinal ischemia and its correction with perfluorochemical emulsion "perftoran". World journal of gastroenterology 2005. link 98 Ali AT, Kalapatapu VR, Bledsoe S, Moursi MM, Eidt JF. Percutaneous isolated limb perfusion with thrombolytics for severe limb ischemia. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2005. link 99 Bradbury A, Wilmink T, Lee AJ, Bell J, Prescott R, Gillespie I et al.. Bypass versus angioplasty to treat severe limb ischemia: factors that affect treatment preferences of UK surgeons and interventional radiologists. Journal of vascular surgery 2004. link 100 Douzinas EE, Kollias S, Tiniakos D, Evangelou E, Papalois A, Rapidis AD et al.. Hypoxemic reperfusion after 120 mins of intestinal ischemia attenuates the histopathologic and inflammatory response. Critical care medicine 2004. link

Original source

[1]
(no title) — He S, Wang L, Wang Z, Yu S, Zhu Q, Xu Y et al. Molecular medicine reports (2026)
[2]
Amelioration of intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury by diacerein via regulation of inflammasome/caspase-1/IL-1β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in juvenile rats. — Refaie MMM, Majeed NAMA, Shehata S, Muhammed AA, Hassan SM, Sherkawy HS et al. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology (2026)
[3]
The thrombectomy in limb ischemia score (TILI-Score): score proposal and results of an interobserver readability survey. — Tuleja A, Zbinden S, Ettorre L, Ruffino MA, Heymann G, Deslarzes C et al. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging (2026)
[4]
Case report: Deep vein arterialization for limb salvage in a patient with subacute limb ischemia. — Chim MSM, How GY, Hong QT, Lo ZJ, Pua U Vascular (2025)
[5]
Axillary to Lateral Above Knee Popliteal Artery Bypass: An Alternative Approach to Lower Extremity Revascularization. — Nguyen T, Tenewitz P, Shames M, Parikh R Vascular and endovascular surgery (2025)
[6]
Arterial revascularization in patients with hand pain dialyzing with upper arm Arteriovenous (AV) fistulas: A single center experience. — Balamuthusamy S, Dhanabalsamy N, Bala MS, Reddy P, Siddiqui A, Ellappan M et al. The journal of vascular access (2025)
[7]
A Systematic Review on the Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Limb Ischemia. — Khanzadeh M, Babadi S, Ghaedi A, Meidani FZ, Rahmati R, Aminizadeh S et al. Annals of vascular surgery (2025)
[8]
Mitochondrial DNA release via mPTP and BAX/BAK drives inflammatory injury in intestinal ischemia reperfusion. — Jing Y, Zhang Y, Kadier T, Ding K, Chen R, Meng Q Cell communication and signaling : CCS (2025)
[9]
Combined PD-1 and IL-10 blockade reinvigorates mucosal CD8 — Liu ZM, Zhang YN, Zhang HF, Zhang XY Biochemical and biophysical research communications (2025)
[10]
EFFECTS OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY ON INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION AND ITS MECHANISM. — Song S, Li R, Wu C, Dong J, Wang P Shock (Augusta, Ga.) (2024)
[11]
Curcumin suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting NKD2 methylation to ameliorate intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. — Zhu JX, Dun Y, Wu W, Shen J, Zhang F, Zhang L The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences (2024)
[12]
Percutaneous Aortoiliac Thromboendarterectomy for Acute Limb Ischemia. — Dunlap E, Conway R, Conway L, Fox C, Nagarsheth K Vascular and endovascular surgery (2024)
[13]
Protective Effects of Boric Acid Taken in Different Ways on Experimental Ovarian İschemia and Reperfusion. — Karaman E, Onder GO, Goktepe O, Karakas E, Mat OC, Bolat D et al. Biological trace element research (2024)
[14]
Pathogenicity of goose astrovirus genotype 2 in chickens. — He D, Jiang X, Tian M, Niu X, Wei F, Wu B et al. Poultry science (2023)
[15]
Patterns of Filler-Induced Facial Skin Ischemia: A Systematic Review of 243 Cases and Introduction of the FOEM Scoring System and Grading Scale. — Soares DJ, Bowhay A, Blevins LW, Patel SM, Zuliani GF Plastic and reconstructive surgery (2023)
[16]
Development of a duplex TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of goose astrovirus genotypes 1 and 2. — Yi Z, Ding R, Cao R, Sun W, Sun M, Dong Y et al. Journal of virological methods (2022)
[17]
Isolation and Pathogenicity of a Novel Goose Astrovirus from Overfed Adult Landaise Geese in China. — Zhu Y, Wang H, Hua J, Ye W, Chen L, Ni Z et al. Viruses (2022)
[18]
A Review of the Emerging Poultry Visceral Gout Disease Linked to Avian Astrovirus Infection. — Li L, Sun M, Zhang Y, Liao M International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
[19]
Dexmedetomidine Resists Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling. — Yang J, Wu Y, Xu Y, Jia J, Xi W, Deng H et al. The Journal of surgical research (2021)
[20]
The effect of a natural molecule in ovary ischemia reperfusion damage: does lycopene protect ovary? — Kirmizi DA, Baser E, Okan A, Kara M, Yalvac ES, Doganyigit Z Experimental animals (2021)
[21]
Sildenafil as a Rescue Agent Following Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. — Moore HM, Drucker NA, Hosfield BD, Shelley WC, Markel TA The Journal of surgical research (2020)
[22]
The curative effect of cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist on functional failure and disruptive inflammation caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. — Bayram S, Parlar A, Arslan SO Fundamental & clinical pharmacology (2020)
[23]
Discrimination between arterial and venous bowel ischemia by computer-assisted analysis of the fluorescent signal. — Quero G, Lapergola A, Barberio M, Seeliger B, Saccomandi P, Guerriero L et al. Surgical endoscopy (2019)
[24]
Potentiation of serotonin signaling protects against intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice. — Tackett JJ, Gandotra N, Bamdad MC, Muise ED, Cowles RA Neurogastroenterology and motility (2019)
[25]
Feasibility of real-time intestinal bloodstream evaluation using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in a porcine intestinal ischemia model. — Takahashi T, Nakatsuka R, Hara H, Higashi S, Tanaka K, Miyazaki Y et al. Surgical endoscopy (2018)
[26]
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