Rheumatic disease of heart valve

Overview

Diagnosis

Management

Special Populations

Key Recommendations

References

Showing 100 most recent of 389 indexed papers.

1 Ban J, Hu Y, Huang H, Zhang P, Dong S, Zhou Y et al.. Symptom experiences of patients after cardiac valve surgery: A qualitative study. PloS one 2026. link 2 Ren H, Pan Z, Yuan J, Liu J. Zwitterionic hydrogel coatings enhance anti-fouling and anti-thrombogenicity of decellularized swim bladder for bioprosthetic heart valves. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 2026. link 3 S L D, Puthiya Veettil J, Jawla S, Haridas V, Payanam Ramachandra U. Covalent Surface Modification by Amino Acid Derivatives Improved the Surface Thromboresistance in Glutaraldehyde-Processed Bovine Pericardium for Use as a Heart Valve Leaflet. ACS biomaterials science & engineering 2026. link 4 Luszczyn M, Nowakowska K, Kolasa I, Makowski B. Case report of a patient with acenocoumarol resistance following therapy for infective endocarditis with rifampicin and gentamicin combination therapy. Cardiovascular journal of Africa 2026. link 5 Sakusic A, Ghozy S, Verma Y, Elgazzar T, Rabinstein AA, Braksick SA et al.. Resumption of Warfarin After Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients With Mechanical Heart Valves: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association 2026. link 6 Shishesaz MI, Eshraghi R, Bahrami A, Farzan M, Farzan M, Hajibeygi R et al.. The effectiveness and side effects of anti-coagulant drugs in pregnant women with mechanical or bio-prosthetic heart valves: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. Journal of cardiology 2026. link 7 Gill HJ, MacLeod BGK, Tregobov N, Yoon J, McCabe JM, Lai A et al.. Fibrotic Tissue Ingrowth of Transcatheter Heart Valve Frames. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions 2026. link 8 Montarello N, Page C, Bennett S, Androshchuk V, Saeed S, Grigoryan K et al.. Specialised heart valve clinics result in greater adherence to guideline-directed care: a comparative study. Open heart 2026. link 9 Magruder JT, Kim SA, Thourani VH. Don't forget about mechanical valves!!!. Current opinion in cardiology 2026. link 10 Zhang R, Zhu C, Chen S, Tian F, Chen Y. Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients After Heart Valve Surgery: A Systematic Review and Re-Evaluation With Evidence Mapping Study. Clinical cardiology 2025. link 11 Zhang R, Jiang H, Zhu C, Tian F, Chen S, Huang P et al.. Effectiveness and safety of exercise training and rehabilitation in elderly patients after heart valve intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) 2025. link 12 Jia YY, Dong MQ, Feng J, Hu JN, Hu HT, Yuan TM et al.. The effectiveness of a nurse-led home-based cardiac rehabilitation based on instant information intervention in the prognosis of patients with TAVR: A randomized controlled trial protocol. Current problems in cardiology 2025. link 13 Aboud L, Tanner H, Parsonage W, Lust K, Callaway L. Haemorrhagic and thromboembolic outcomes in pregnant patients with mechanical heart valves who undergo interruption of anticoagulation for birth - A case series. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 2025. link 14 Rhemtula HA, Schapkaitz E, Jacobson B, Chauke L. Anticoagulant therapy in pregnant women with mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2025. link 15 Keane RR, Menon V, Cremer PC. Acute Heart Valve Emergencies. Cardiology clinics 2024. link 16 Ahmad AM, Abusarea SA, Fouad BZ, Guirguis SA, Shafie WA. Effect of Adding Early Bedside Cycling to Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation on Physical Function and Length of Stay After Heart Valve Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 2024. link 17 Johansson I, Benz AP, Kovalova T, Balasubramanian K, Fukakusa B, Lynn MJ et al.. Outcomes of Patients with a Mechanical Heart Valve and Poor Anticoagulation Control on Warfarin. Thrombosis and haemostasis 2024. link 18 Fifer S, Keen B, Guilbert-Wright P, Yamabe K, Murdoch DJ. Patient preferences for heart valve disease intervention. Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy 2024. link 19 . Errata: Epidemiology of Heart Valve Disease in Taiwan: A Population-Based Cohort Study. International heart journal 2023. link 20 Shah BN. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance on heart valve disease. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2023. link 21 Gerfer S, Grandoch M, Wahlers TCW, Kuhn EW. Factor Xa Inhibitors for Patients after Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement?. The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon 2023. link 22 Saeed S, Mohamed Ali A, Wasim D, Risnes I, Urheim S. Correlation between Murmurs and Echocardiographic Findings; From an Imaging Cardiologist Point of View. Current problems in cardiology 2023. link 23 Kwon MH, Baird CW. Surgical Valve Choices for Pulmonary Valve Replacement. Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2023. link 24 Bergeron A, Hertig V, Villeneuve L, Sirois MG, Demers P, El-Hamamsy I et al.. Structural dysregulation of the pulmonary autograft was associated with a greater density of p16. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2023. link 25 Shah K, Williamson BD, Kutinsky I, Bhardwaj R, Contractor T, Turagam MK et al.. Conduction system pacing in prosthetic heart valves. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2023. link 26 Tian H, Jiang X, Duan G, Chen J, Liu Q, Zhang Y et al.. Preoperative inflammatory markers predict postoperative clinical outcomes in patients undergoing heart valve surgery: A large-sample retrospective study. Frontiers in immunology 2023. link 27 Kostyunin AE, Glushkova TV, Lobov AA, Ovcharenko EA, Zainullina BR, Bogdanov LA et al.. Proteolytic Degradation Is a Major Contributor to Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Failure. Journal of the American Heart Association 2023. link 28 Xue W, Xinlan Z, Xiaoyan Z. Effectiveness of early cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart valve surgery: a randomized, controlled trial. The Journal of international medical research 2022. link 29 Mufarrih SH, Mahmood F, Qureshi NQ, Yunus R, Quraishi I, Baribeau V et al.. Three-Dimensional Printing of Patient-Specific Heart Valves: Separating Facts From Fiction and Myth From Reality. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 2022. link 30 Ibrahim M, Spelde AE, Szeto WY, Acker MA, Atluri P, Grimm JC et al.. Clinical and Echocardiographic Results of Aortic Valve Replacement in the Failing Ventricle: Do Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Regurgitation Differ?. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2022. link 31 O'Hair DP, Gada H, Sotelo MR, Wagner L, Feind CM, Brigman L et al.. Enhanced Detection of Heart Valve Disease Using Integrated Artificial Intelligence at Scale. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2022. link 32 Carey J, Buckley A, O'Connor S, Hensey M. The Wattson temporary pacing guidewire for transcatheter heart valve implantation. Future cardiology 2022. link 33 Pandey AK, Xu K, Zhang L, Gupta S, Eikelboom J, Lopes RD et al.. Efficacy and safety of low intensity vitamin K antagonists in Western and East-Asian patients with left-sided mechanical heart valves. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 2022. link 34 Watson RA, Vishnevsky A, Dikdan S, Marcantuono R, Decaro M, Goldhammer J et al.. Orifice Areas of Balloon-Expandable Transcatheter Heart Valves: A Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Study. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2022. link 35 Durko AP, Pibarot P, Atluri P, Bapat V, Cameron DE, Casselman FPA et al.. Essential information on surgical heart valve characteristics for optimal valve prosthesis selection: Expert consensus document from the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)-The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)-American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) Valve Labelling Task Force. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2021. link 36 Abraham LN, Sibilitz KL, Berg SK, Tang LH, Risom SS, Lindschou J et al.. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2021. link 37 Liu Y, Xiao J, Duan X, Lu X, Gong X, Chen J et al.. The multivariable prognostic models for severe complications after heart valve surgery. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2021. link 38 Ielasi A, Buono A, Medda M, Casilli F, Bande M, Pellicano M et al.. Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve Implantation With a Novel Balloon-Expandable Device in Patients With Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Failure: A Case Series. Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions 2021. link 39 Cavallo A, Gasparotti E, Losi P, Foffa I, Al Kayal T, Vignali E et al.. Fabrication and in-vitro characterization of a polymeric aortic valve for minimally invasive valve replacement. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 2021. link 40 Duraes AR, de Souza Lima Bitar Y, Schonhofen IS, Travassos KSO, Pereira LV, Filho JAL et al.. Rivaroxaban Versus Warfarin in Patients with Mechanical Heart Valves: Open-Label, Proof-of-Concept trial-The RIWA study. American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions 2021. link 41 Chen J, Ma W, Ming Y, Wang W, Liu S, Yang Y et al.. Minimally Invasive Valve Replacement for Late Tricuspid Regurgitation After Left-Sided Valve Surgery. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2021. link 42 Theodoris CV, Zhou P, Liu L, Zhang Y, Nishino T, Huang Y et al.. Network-based screen in iPSC-derived cells reveals therapeutic candidate for heart valve disease. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2021. link 43 Jabagi H, Gardin L, Maharajh G. Pulmonary Autograft Coronary-Cameral Fistula Leading to LVOT Pseudoaneurysm Post Ross Procedure. World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery 2021. link 44 Hufton A, Newman JS, Pupovac SS, Mattia A, Hartman AR. Degenerative Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency in a Patient With a Prior Bentall Procedure. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2021. link 45 Powell S, Choxi R, Gunda S, Jovin IS. A 43-year-old functional Starr-Edwards ball and cage mechanical aortic valve. General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2021. link 46 Abbas SS, Nasif MS, Al-Waked R, Meor Said MA. Numerical investigation on the effect of bileaflet mechanical heart valve's implantation tilting angle and aortic root geometry on intermittent regurgitation and platelet activation. Artificial organs 2020. link 47 Jaffer IH, Fredenburgh JC, Stafford A, Whitlock RP, Weitz JI. Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran for Suppression of Mechanical Heart Valve-Induced Thrombin Generation. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2020. link 48 Pragt H, van Melle JP, Verkerke GJ, Mariani MA, Ebels T. Pulmonary versus aortic pressure behavior of a bovine pericardial valve. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2020. link 49 Zhang H, Dong Y, Ao X, Zhu D, Dong L. Optimal oral anticoagulant therapy in Chinese patients with mechanical heart valves. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020. link 50 Godart F, Baudelet JB, Soquet J, Onorato E. Antegrade transcatheter closure of a dehiscence of pulmonary bioprosthesis after pulmonary valve replacement with the Occlutech paravalvular leak device. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2020. link 51 Mathur M, Meador WD, Jazwiec T, Malinowski M, Timek TA, Rausch MK. The Effect of Downsizing on the Normal Tricuspid Annulus. Annals of biomedical engineering 2020. link 52 Chambers JB, Lancellotti P. Heart Valve Clinics, Centers, and Networks. Cardiology clinics 2020. link 53 Alharbi Y, Otton J, Muller DWM, Geelan-Small P, Lovell NH, Al Abed A et al.. Predicting the outcome of transcatheter mitral valve implantation using image-based computational models. Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography 2020. link 54 Durko AP, Head SJ, Pibarot P, Atluri P, Bapat V, Cameron DE et al.. Characteristics of surgical prosthetic heart valves and problems around labeling: A document from the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)-The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)-American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) Valve Labelling Task Force. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2019. link 55 Rodriguez RA, Dellimore KH, Müller JH. Evaluating the Performance of Cardiac Pulse Duplicators Through the Concept of Fidelity. Cardiovascular engineering and technology 2019. link 56 Brennan MJ, Coylewright M, Ayo-Vaughan M, Ganesan N. Bridging gaps in heart valve disease care: Opportunities for quality improvement. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2019. link 57 Ayme-Dietrich E, Lawson R, Da-Silva S, Mazzucotelli JP, Monassier L. Serotonin contribution to cardiac valve degeneration: new insights for novel therapies?. Pharmacological research 2019. link 58 Pellegrini C, Husser O, Kim WK, Holzamer A, Walther T, Rheude T et al.. Predictors of Need for Permanent Pacemaker Implantation and Conduction Abnormalities With a Novel Self-expanding Transcatheter Heart Valve. Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.) 2019. link 59 Hedayat M, Borazjani I. Comparison of platelet activation through hinge vs bulk flow in bileaflet mechanical heart valves. Journal of biomechanics 2019. link 60 Coyan GN, D'Amore A, Matsumura Y, Pedersen DD, Luketich SK, Shanov V et al.. In vivo functional assessment of a novel degradable metal and elastomeric scaffold-based tissue engineered heart valve. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2019. link 61 Hansen TB, Berg SK, Sibilitz KL, Zwisler AD, Norekvål TM, Lee A et al.. Patient perceptions of experience with cardiac rehabilitation after isolated heart valve surgery. European journal of cardiovascular nursing 2018. link 62 Riahi M, Blanke P, Webb J, Carere RG. Early leaflet thrombosis complicating transcatheter implantation of a Sapien 3 valve in a native right ventricular outflow tract. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2018. link 63 Carvajal HG, Lindley KJ, Shah T, Brar AK, Barger PM, Billadello JJ et al.. Impact of pregnancy on autograft dilatation and aortic valve function following the Ross procedure. Congenital heart disease 2018. link 64 Borregaard B, Sørensen J, Ekholm O, Møller JE, Riber LP, Thrysoee L et al.. Sociodemographic, Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes and Readmission After Heart Valve Surgery. The Journal of heart valve disease 2018. link 65 de Araújo-Filho AA, de Cerqueira-Neto ML, de Assis Pereira Cacau L, Oliveira GU, Cerqueira TCF, de Santana-Filho VJ. Effect of prophylactic non-invasive mechanical ventilation on functional capacity after heart valve replacement: a clinical trial. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2017. link05) 66 Hansen TB, Zwisler AD, Berg SK, Sibilitz KL, Thygesen LC, Kjellberg J et al.. Cost-utility analysis of cardiac rehabilitation after conventional heart valve surgery versus usual care. European journal of preventive cardiology 2017. link 67 Pollmann AGE, Frederiksen M, Prescott E. Cardiac Rehabilitation After Heart Valve Surgery: IMPROVEMENT IN EXERCISE CAPACITY AND MORBIDITY. Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention 2017. link 68 Eicken A, Kasel M, Ewert P. Failing bioprosthesis in systemic tricuspid position after a Senning procedure-Successful percutaneous tricuspid valve implantation. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2017. link 69 Hamamoto M, Kobayashi T, Ozawa M, Yoshimura K. Pure Cusp Tear of Trifecta Bioprosthesis 2 Years after Aortic Valve Replacement. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia 2017. link 70 Bark DL, Vahabi H, Bui H, Movafaghi S, Moore B, Kota AK et al.. Hemodynamic Performance and Thrombogenic Properties of a Superhydrophobic Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve. Annals of biomedical engineering 2017. link 71 Grzymala-Lubanski B, Svensson PJ, Renlund H, Jeppsson A, Själander A. Warfarin treatment quality and prognosis in patients with mechanical heart valve prosthesis. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2017. link 72 Bourget JM, Zegdi R, Lin J, Wawryko P, Merhi Y, Convelbo C et al.. Correlation between structural changes and acute thrombogenicity in transcatheter pericardium valves after crimping and balloon deployment. Morphologie : bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes 2017. link 73 Namiri M, Ashtiani MK, Mashinchian O, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Mahmoudi M, Aghdami N et al.. Engineering natural heart valves: possibilities and challenges. Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 2017. link 74 Redondo Palacios A, López Menéndez J, Miguelena Hycka J, Martín García M, Varela Barca L, Ferreiro Marzal A et al.. Which type of valve should we use in tricuspid position? Long-term comparison between mechanical and biological valves. The Journal of cardiovascular surgery 2017. link 75 El Hammiri A, Potvin J, Gobeil JF, Noiseux N, Stevens LM, Masson JB. Valve-in-Valve Implantation of a Sapien 3 Transcatheter Heart Valve for Reduction of Paravalvular Regurgitation Despite Optimal Placement of the First Transcatheter Heart Valve. The Canadian journal of cardiology 2017. link 76 Hammer PE, Roberts EG, Emani SM, Del Nido PJ. Surgical reconstruction of semilunar valves in the growing child: Should we mimic the venous valve? A simulation study. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2017. link 77 O'Donnell C, Holloway R, Tilton E, Stirling J, Finucane K, Wilson N. Infective endocarditis following Melody valve implantation: comparison with a surgical cohort. Cardiology in the young 2017. link 78 Hilling-Smith R, Chong A, Cox S. Mitral paravalvular leak closure by antegrade percutaneous approach using amplatzer PFO closure device. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2017. link 79 Kitahara H, Okamoto K, Kudo M, Yoshitake A, Hayashi K, Inaba Y et al.. Successful management of severe unilateral re-expansion pulmonary edema after mitral valve repair with mini-thoracotomy using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2017. link 80 Wells JA, Condado JF, Kamioka N, Dong A, Ritter A, Lerakis S et al.. Outcomes After Paravalvular Leak Closure: Transcatheter Versus Surgical Approaches. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions 2017. link 81 Kvitting JP, Geiran OR. Karl Viktor Hall: From In Situ Vein Bypass to the Tilting Disc Heart Valve Prosthesis. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2016. link 82 Hansen TB, Zwisler AD, Berg SK, Sibilitz KL, Buus N, Lee A. Cardiac rehabilitation patients' perspectives on the recovery following heart valve surgery: a narrative analysis. Journal of advanced nursing 2016. link 83 Frank M, Ganzoni G, Starck C, Grünenfelder J, Corti R, Gruner C et al.. Lack of Accessible Data on Prosthetic Heart Valves. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2016. link 84 Polzin A, Afzal S, Balzer J, Rassaf T, Kelm M, Zeus T. Platelet reactivity in MitraClip patients. Vascular pharmacology 2016. link 85 Xu Z, Fan J, Luo X, Zhang WB, Ma J, Lin YB et al.. Anticoagulation Regimens During Pregnancy in Patients With Mechanical Heart Valves: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The Canadian journal of cardiology 2016. link 86 Ozan Gürsoy M, Kalçık M, Özkan M, Ali Astarcıoğlu M, Karakoyun S, Gündüz S et al.. Evaluation of Aortic Paravalvular Leak: A Special Reference for Anatomical Localization. The Journal of heart valve disease 2016. link 87 Mylotte D, Andalib A, Thériault-Lauzier P, Dorfmeister M, Girgis M, Alharbi W et al.. Transcatheter heart valve failure: a systematic review. European heart journal 2015. link 88 Tanis W, Suchá D, Laufer W, Habets J, van Herwerden LA, Symersky P et al.. Multidetector-row computed tomography for prosthetic heart valve dysfunction: is concomitant non-invasive coronary angiography possible before redo-surgery?. European radiology 2015. link 89 Chowdhury SM, Hijazi ZM, Rhodes JF, Kar S, Makkar R, Mullen M et al.. Changes in speckle tracking echocardiography measures of ventricular function after percutaneous implantation of the Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter heart valve in the pulmonary position. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2015. link 90 Izumi C. Tricuspid regurgitation following left-sided valve surgery: echocardiographic evaluation and optimal timing of surgical treatment. Journal of echocardiography 2015. link 91 Tepeköylü C, Lobenwein D, Blunder S, Kozaryn R, Dietl M, Ritschl P et al.. Alteration of inflammatory response by shock wave therapy leads to reduced calcification of decellularized aortic xenografts in mice†. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 2015. link 92 Thomson Mangnall LJ, Gallagher RD, Sibbritt DW, Fry MM. Health-related quality of life of patients after mechanical valve replacement surgery: an integrative review. European journal of cardiovascular nursing 2015. link 93 Dehghani MR, Kasianzadeh M, Rezaei Y, Sepehrvand N. Atorvastatin Reduces the Incidence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Statin-Naive Patients Undergoing Isolated Heart Valve Surgery: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics 2015. link 94 Bhattacharyya S, Pavitt C, Lloyd G, Chambers JB. Provision, organization and models of heart valve clinics within The United Kingdom. QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians 2015. link 95 Misawa Y. Valve-related complications after mechanical heart valve implantation. Surgery today 2015. link 96 Nishi H, Toda K, Miyagawa S, Yoshikawa Y, Fukushima S, Kawamura M et al.. Effects of tolvaptan in the early postoperative stage after heart valve surgery: results of the STAR (Study of Tolvaptan for fluid retention AfteR valve surgery) trial. Surgery today 2015. link 97 Greiten LE, McKellar SH, Rysavy J, Schaff HV. Effectiveness of rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis of prosthetic heart valves in a porcine heterotopic valve model. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 2014. link 98 Driessen-Mol A, Emmert MY, Dijkman PE, Frese L, Sanders B, Weber B et al.. Transcatheter implantation of homologous "off-the-shelf" tissue-engineered heart valves with self-repair capacity: long-term functionality and rapid in vivo remodeling in sheep. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2014. link 99 Fallon AM, Goodchild TT, Cox JL, Matheny RG. In vivo remodeling potential of a novel bioprosthetic tricuspid valve in an ovine model. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2014. link 100 Azarnoush K, Dorigo E, Pereira B, Dauphin C, Geoffroy E, Dauphin N et al.. Mid-term results of self-testing of the international normalized ratio in adults with a mechanical heart valve. Thrombosis research 2014. link