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Psychiatry1354 papers

Illness anxiety disorder

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Illness anxiety disorder (formerly known as hypochondriasis) is characterized by excessive health-related anxiety and preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness despite medical reassurance. Individuals often misinterpret bodily symptoms and engage in repetitive health-seeking behaviors 12.

Diagnosis

  • Key Diagnostic Criteria: Excessive preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness, misinterpretation of bodily symptoms, and significant distress or impairment in functioning 12.
  • Recommended Tests: No specific laboratory tests; diagnosis primarily based on clinical interview and exclusion of actual medical conditions 12.
  • Grading: Typically assessed using standardized psychiatric scales such as the Illness Attitude Scales (IAS) or the Health Anxiety Questionnaire (HAQ) 12.
  • Management

  • First-Line Treatments: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) specifically tailored for illness anxiety disorder 12.
  • Adjunctive Treatments: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as sertraline or escitalopram, particularly if CBT is not available or insufficient 12.
  • Supportive Measures: Patient education, reassurance, and gradual exposure to feared health scenarios under controlled conditions 12.
  • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Limited specific data; management focuses on supportive psychotherapy and parental involvement 12.
  • Elderly: Polypharmacy and comorbid conditions complicate diagnosis and treatment; tailored CBT and careful medication review are crucial 121113.
  • Comorbidities: Presence of other anxiety disorders or depression may require integrated treatment approaches 121015.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Primary Treatment with CBT: Implement cognitive-behavioral therapy as the first-line psychological intervention to address maladaptive beliefs and behaviors (Evidence: Strong 1).
  • Pharmacotherapy for Severe Cases: Consider SSRIs like sertraline or escitalopram for severe cases where psychological interventions are inadequate or unavailable (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Tailored Approaches for Elderly: Adapt management strategies to account for polypharmacy and multiple comorbidities in elderly patients (Evidence: Expert opinion 1113).
  • Integrated Care for Comorbid Conditions: Address concurrent anxiety or depressive disorders through integrated treatment plans (Evidence: Moderate 1015).
  • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 294 indexed papers.

    1 Leyfman Y. When Words Fall Short: A Lesson in Silence and Compassion. Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) 2026. link 2 Iyer AS, Akgün KM, Bowman B, Brown CE, Dingfield L, Donesky D et al.. A "PalliPulm" framework to improve palliative care education and practice in pulmonary-critical care medicine: an official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2026. link 3 Farooq S, Sudderth S, Mirchandani H, Mehta A. Financial Compensation for Resident Call Coverage During Parental Leave: An Actuarial Analysis. Urology 2026. link 4 Depew CN, Wood M, Walden J, Stevens A, Williamson M, Peshin S et al.. Palliative Medicine Consultation Reduces Readmission Significantly in Certain Diagnoses: A Retrospective Analysis. The American journal of hospice & palliative care 2026. link 5 Sappington A, Milman B. Emergency Medicine Residency Website Wellness Pages: A Content Analysis. The western journal of emergency medicine 2025. link 6 O'Loughlin C, Uia T, Grant C, Smiler K, Churchward M, Tu'akalau C et al.. Consequences of COVID-19 protection measures on children's respiratory health in Aotearoa New Zealand. The New Zealand medical journal 2025. link 7 Kassem H, Lavigne E, Weinberger K, Brauer M. Extreme heat and pediatric health in a warming world: a space-time stratified case-crossover investigation in Ontario, Canada. Environmental health : a global access science source 2025. link 8 Martinelli SM, Tran TN, Canter C, Isaak RS, Afroze F, Mulaikal TA et al.. The Family Anesthesia Experience (FAX): Implementing a Social Support-Focused Wellness Programme Across Multiple Residency Programmes. The clinical teacher 2025. link 9 Wake M, West N, Luo J, Wang N, Taylor JD, Moura K et al.. Facilitated Peer Discussion for Promoting Better Resident Wellness in Anesthesia Trainees: Qualitative Program Evaluation. JMIR perioperative medicine 2025. link 10 Li H, Cheng C. The Mediating Role of Emotional Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between the Number of Medications and Psychological Distress Among Older Adults with Chronic Illness. Journal of community health nursing 2025. link 11 Dagnew SB, Moges TA, Tarekegn GY, Wondm SA, Assefa AN, Bekahegn MA et al.. Treatment burden and medication adherence among older patients in comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara Region in Ethiopia: a multicentre, cross-sectional study. BMJ open 2025. link 12 Oyoo N, Musoke D, Nantale R, Lapat JJ, Opee J, Ebbs DS et al.. Polypharmacy among adults receiving outpatient care at Kitgum General Hospital, Northern Uganda. BMC primary care 2025. link 13 Abdu N, Idrisnur S, Said H, Kifle L, Habte N, Ghirmai S et al.. Inappropriate medication prescribing, polypharmacy, potential drug-drug interactions and medication regimen complexity in older adults attending three referral hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea: a cross-sectional study. BMC geriatrics 2025. link 14 Wallace CL, Wladkowski SP. Improving Policy and Practices of Hospice Live Discharge: A Historical Exploration of the Medicare Hospice Benefit. Journal of aging & social policy 2025. link 15 Lin N, Yu E, Lussier A, Gouin E, Lindholm P. Use of in-water recompression for decompression illness after deep freediving: a case series. Diving and hyperbaric medicine 2025. link 16 Starkweather K, Keith M, Zohora FT, Alam N. Impacts of women's work and childcare on child illness among Bangladeshi Shodagor communities. Social science & medicine (1982) 2024. link 17 Lee HY, Cooper JE, Kruk ME. Regional determinants of quality of care for sick children: A multilevel analysis in four countries. Journal of global health 2024. link 18 Subedi RK, VanderZanden A, Adhikari K, Bastola S, Hirschhorn LR, Binagwaho A et al.. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness implementation in Nepal: understanding strategies, context, and outcomes. BMC pediatrics 2024. link 19 Saxena K. Association Between Maternal Prenatal Exposure to Household Air Pollution and Child Respiratory Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The Yale journal of biology and medicine 2024. link 20 Bick S, Ezezew A, Opondo C, Leurent B, Argaw W, Hunter EC et al.. Impact of a school-based water and hygiene intervention on child health and school attendance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine 2024. link 21 Tezcan-Güntekin H, Bird R, Aslan S, Kul Y, Azman Ö, Aykaç V et al.. Continuities and discontinuities in pharmaceutical treatment and medication use among older chronically ill patients of Turkish descent in Germany: a qualitative structuring content analysis. Frontiers in public health 2024. link 22 Butauskaite J, Zumbakyte A, Aukstikalne L, Pancere J, Zukaitiene S, Karinauske E. High prevalence of medication errors in a secondary-level Lithuanian hospital: A prospective cross-sectional observational study. Pharmacology research & perspectives 2024. link 23 Sadler K, Khan S, AlGhamdi K, Alyami HH, Nancarrow L. Addressing 10 Myths About Pediatric Palliative Care. The American journal of hospice & palliative care 2024. link 24 Lalani N, Hamash K, Wang Y. Palliative care needs and preferences of older adults with advanced or serious chronic illnesses and their families in rural communities of Indiana, USA. The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association 2024. link 25 Jenkins KR, Stiehl E, Franklin J, Sherman B. The Association of Employee's Unmet Social Needs and Self-Reported Injury and Illness Related Absenteeism. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2024. link 26 Blogg SL, Tillmans F, Lindholm P. The risk of decompression illness in breath-hold divers: a systematic review. Diving and hyperbaric medicine 2023. link 27 Lee J, Su Z, Chen Y. Mobile Apps for Children's Health and Wellbeing: Design Features and Future Opportunities. AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium 2023. link 28 Etzel RA, Bhave SY. The Health Effects of Climate Change on Children: Pediatricians Must Be Part of the Solution. Indian pediatrics 2023. link 29 Martínez-Jiménez M. Parental nonemployment in childhood and children's health later in life. Economics and human biology 2023. link 30 Knisley L, Driedger SM, Hartling L, Chartrand F, Sanguins J, Scott SD. We're here too: child health information-seeking experiences and preferences of Red River Métis families - a qualitative study. International journal for equity in health 2023. link 31 Feng S, Davis JA, Chowdhary A, Lomazow W, Yi JS, Huang J et al.. The effect of mandatory post-call relief on sleep and wellness in ophthalmology residents. BMC medical education 2023. link 32 McCauley R, Ryan K, McQuillan R, Foley G. Mutual support between patients and family caregivers in palliative care: A qualitative study. Palliative medicine 2023. link 33 Vargas-Escobar LM, Reina-Gamba NC, Medellín-Olaya J, Consuegra-Pareja CA. Palliative home care: health-related quality of life. BMJ supportive & palliative care 2023. link 34 Loddo F, Nauleau S, Lapalus D, Tardieu S, Bernard O, Boubred F. Association of Maternal Gestational Vitamin D Supplementation with Respiratory Health of Young Children. Nutrients 2023. link 35 Annetta MG, Ostroff M, Marche B, Emoli A, Musarò A, Celentano D et al.. Chest-to-arm tunneling: A novel technique for medium/long term venous access devices. The journal of vascular access 2023. link 36 Ahmed F, Malik NI, Zia S, Akbar AS, Li X, Shahid M et al.. Rural mothers' beliefs and practices about diagnosis, treatment, and management of children health problems: A qualitative study in marginalized Southern Pakistan. Frontiers in public health 2022. link 37 Brown KB, Cook A, Chen F, Martinelli SM. A Perspective on Wellness in Anesthesiology Residency Programs: A Multi-Strategy Approach. Anesthesiology clinics 2022. link 38 Gardner DS, Doherty M, Ghesquiere A, Villanueva C, Kenien C, Callahan J et al.. Palliative care for case managers: Building capacity to extend community-based palliative care to underserved older adults. Gerontology & geriatrics education 2022. link 39 O'Regan A, O'Doherty J, O'Connor R, Cullen W, Niranjan V, Glynn L et al.. How do multi-morbidity and polypharmacy affect general practice attendance and referral rates? A retrospective analysis of consultations. PloS one 2022. link 40 Fornehed MLC, Svynarenko R, Keim-Malpass J, Cozad MJ, Qualls KA, Stone WL et al.. Comparison between Rural and Urban Appalachian Children in Hospice Care. Southern medical journal 2022. link 41 Bogetz JF, Anderson A, Holland M, Macauley R. Pediatric Hospice and Palliative Care Services and Needs Across the Northwest United States. Journal of pain and symptom management 2022. link 42 Lalani N, Cai Y. Palliative care for rural growth and wellbeing: identifying perceived barriers and facilitators in access to palliative care in rural Indiana, USA. BMC palliative care 2022. link 43 Ahmad K, Kabir E, Keramat SA, Khanam R. Maternal health and health-related behaviours and their associations with child health: Evidence from an Australian birth cohort. PloS one 2021. link 44 Graj E, Muscara F, Anderson V, Hearps S, McCarthy M. Quality of life in parents of seriously Ill/injured children: a prospective longitudinal study. Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation 2021. link 45 González-González AI, Dinh TS, Meid AD, Blom JW, van den Akker M, Elders PJM et al.. Predicting negative health outcomes in older general practice patients with chronic illness: Rationale and development of the PROPERmed harmonized individual participant data database. Mechanisms of ageing and development 2021. link 46 Schipke T. The Chronic Sick Role: Its Time Has Come. Omega 2021. link 47 Moran S, Bailey M, Doody O. An integrative review to identify how nurses practicing in inpatient specialist palliative care units uphold the values of nursing. BMC palliative care 2021. link 48 Close H, Sidhu K, Genn H, Ling J, Hawkins C. Qualitative investigation of patient and carer experiences of everyday legal needs towards end of life. BMC palliative care 2021. link 49 Mooney-Doyle K, Ulrich CM. Parent moral distress in serious pediatric illness: A dimensional analysis. Nursing ethics 2020. link 50 Shabeeb N. Wellness for the dermatology resident. Cutis 2020. link 51 Hartmann A, Rückmann J, Tannen A. [Individual teacher's health literacy and their safety in dealing with chronically ill pupils and emergencies]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 2020. link 52 Perrin R, Patel S, Lees A, Smith D, Woodcock T, Harris S et al.. Predictors of children's health system use: cross-sectional study of linked data. Family practice 2020. link 53 Kohl SE, Barnett ED. What do we know about travel for children with special health care needs? A review of the literature. Travel medicine and infectious disease 2020. link 54 Kashat L, Falcone T, Carter B, Parham K, Kavanagh KR. Taking a Systematic Approach to Resident Wellness: A Pilot Study. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2020. link 55 Hardman D, Geraghty AWA, Lown M, Bishop FL. Subjunctive medicine: Enacting efficacy in general practice. Social science & medicine (1982) 2020. link 56 Goldsmith JV, Wittenberg E, Parnell TA. The COMFORT Communication Model: A Nursing Resource to Advance Health Literacy in Organizations. Journal of hospice and palliative nursing : JHPN : the official journal of the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association 2020. link 57 Johnston EE, Martinez I, Currie E, Brock KE, Wolfe J. Hospital or Home? Where Should Children Die and How Do We Make That a Reality?. Journal of pain and symptom management 2020. link 58 Kabelka L. Building Specialized Palliative Care for the Czech Republic: A Fifteen-Year Leadership Journey in a Developing Country. Journal of palliative medicine 2020. link 59 Highet BH, Lesser ER, Johnson PW, Kaur JS. Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Use in an Outpatient Palliative Medicine Population. The American journal of hospice & palliative care 2020. link 60 Quinn KL, Shurrab M, Gitau K, Kavalieratos D, Isenberg SR, Stall NM et al.. Association of Receipt of Palliative Care Interventions With Health Care Use, Quality of Life, and Symptom Burden Among Adults With Chronic Noncancer Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2020. link 61 Berta M, Leon A, Silvey K. Bringing Palliative Care Downstairs: A Case-Based Approach to Applying Palliative Care Principles to Emergency Department Practice. Advanced emergency nursing journal 2020. link 62 Durrah H. My Child Is Sick; Don't Call Her A 'Consumer'. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2019. link 63 Nunn K. Delivering bad news. Journal of paediatrics and child health 2019. link 64 Paquette ET, Joffe S. The Multidimensional Illness Severity Questionnaire: Preliminary evaluation of a brief parent-reported measure of illness severity. Journal of paediatrics and child health 2019. link 65 Golub SA, Maza Reyes JC, Stamoulis C, Leal Pensabene A, Tijerino Cordón PA, Calgua E et al.. Guatemala City youth: an analysis of health indicators through the lens of a clinical registry. International health 2019. link 66 Mahabee-Gittens EM, Matt GE, Hoh E, Quintana PJE, Stone L, Geraci MA et al.. Contribution of thirdhand smoke to overall tobacco smoke exposure in pediatric patients: study protocol. BMC public health 2019. link 67 Haverman L, van Oers HA, van Muilekom MM, Grootenhuis MA. Options for the Interpretation of and Recommendations for Acting on Different PROMs in Daily Clinical Practice Using KLIK. Medical care 2019. link 68 Kumar D, Swarnim S, Sikka G, Aggarwal S, Singh A, Jaiswal P et al.. Factors Associated with Readmission of Pediatric Patients in a Developing Nation. Indian journal of pediatrics 2019. link 69 Quinn MJ. Cytochrome P450 in Palliative Care and Hospice Kits. Journal of hospice and palliative nursing : JHPN : the official journal of the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association 2019. link 70 Shrestha S, Poudel RS, Pradhan S, Adhikari A, Giri A, Poudel A. Factors predicting home medication management practices among chronically ill older population of selected districts of Nepal. BMC geriatrics 2019. link 71 Burke C, Currin-McCulloch J. Educating Our Future Colleagues: Creating an MSW Palliative Care Practicum. Journal of social work in end-of-life & palliative care 2019. link 72 Gazaway S, Stewart M, Schumacher A. Integrating Palliative Care into the Chronic Illness Continuum: a Conceptual Model for Minority Populations. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities 2019. link 73 Hsieh CC, Huang HP, Tung TH, Chen IC, Beaton RD, Jane SW. The exploration of the knowledge, attitudes and practice behaviors of advanced care planning and its related predictors among Taiwanese nurses. BMC palliative care 2019. link 74 Dekkers-Sánchez PM, de Wind AE. Enhancing medical evaluations of sick-listed employees: an educational intervention to improve professional practice of physicians performing work ability assessments of employees on long-term sick leave. International archives of occupational and environmental health 2019. link 75 Dalglish SL, Vogel JJ, Begkoyian G, Huicho L, Mason E, Root ED et al.. Future directions for reducing inequity and maximising impact of child health strategies. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2018. link 76 Patel S, Zambruni JP, Palazuelos D, Legesse H, Ndiaye NF, Detjen A et al.. Rethinking the scale up of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2018. link 77 Lillitos PJ, Lyttle MD, Roland D, Powell CV, Sandell J, Rowland AG et al.. Defining significant childhood illness and injury in the Emergency Department: a consensus of UK and Ireland expert opinion. 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    Original source

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