Overview
Purulent mastitis during pregnancy is an infection of the breast tissue characterized by localized inflammation, often presenting as a painful, red, and swollen area with pus formation, posing risks to both maternal and fetal health 12.Diagnosis
Clinical signs include localized pain, redness, warmth, swelling, and possibly fever 12.
Breast examination to identify abscess formation or fluctuance 12.
Laboratory tests: Elevated white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels 12.
Imaging: Ultrasound may be used to confirm abscess presence 12.Management
Antibiotics: Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., penicillins or cephalosporins) tailored based on culture and sensitivity results 12.
Pain Management: Use analgesics such as acetaminophen or NSAIDs cautiously, considering pregnancy stage 12.
Drainage: Surgical or ultrasound-guided drainage for abscesses 12.
Supportive Care: Hydration, rest, and monitoring for complications like sepsis 12.Special Populations
Pregnancy: Close monitoring for maternal and fetal well-being; treatment must balance efficacy with safety for the fetus 12.Key Recommendations
Initiate empirical antibiotic therapy promptly, targeting common pathogens in lactating women (Evidence: Moderate) 12.
Consider ultrasound guidance for abscess drainage to minimize complications (Evidence: Moderate) 12.
Regularly monitor maternal vital signs and fetal well-being during treatment (Evidence: Expert opinion) 12.References
1 Hokkanen AH, Raekallio MR, Salla K, Hänninen L, Viitasaari E, Norring M et al.. Sublingual administration of detomidine to calves prior to disbudding: a comparison with the intravenous route. Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia 2014. link
2 Scherzer J, Buchanan MF, Moore JN, White SL. Teaching veterinary obstetrics using three-dimensional animation technology. Journal of veterinary medical education 2010. link