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Cardiology635 papers

Atrial arrhythmia

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Atrial arrhythmias encompass a range of abnormal heart rhythms originating in the atria, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, leading to potential hemodynamic instability and increased thromboembolic risk. 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970

Diagnosis

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): Essential for identifying atrial arrhythmias, distinguishing between atrial fibrillation and flutter. 74
  • Holter Monitoring: Useful for intermittent arrhythmias not captured by routine ECG. 67
  • Echocardiography: Evaluates structural heart disease that may predispose to arrhythmias. 55
  • Blood Markers: GDF15 levels before ablation predict early recurrence of arrhythmias. 2
  • Advanced Imaging: ECGI and 3D echocardiography aid in detailed atrial mapping and volume assessment. 1555
  • Wearable Devices: Smartwatches can detect atrial flutter and fibrillation, though validation is limited. 4

    • Management

  • Catheter Ablation: First-line treatment for symptomatic refractory arrhythmias, including pulsed-field ablation and radiofrequency ablation. 1510142224283336384368
  • Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Sotalol for maintenance of sinus rhythm; azimilide for various atrial arrhythmias. 1459
  • Antithrombotic Therapy: Essential in preventing thromboembolic events, especially post-ablation and in high-risk patients. 6
  • Cardioversion: Biphasic waveform for effective and safe conversion to sinus rhythm. 4056
  • His-Bundle Pacing: Considered in patients undergoing AV node ablation to minimize right ventricular pacing. 1113

    • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: High-density mapping catheters effective in transcatheter ablation for pediatric patients. 10
  • Elderly: Increased risk of complications; careful consideration of antithrombotic therapy and procedural risks. 623
  • Comorbidities: Inflammatory markers may influence outcomes post-ablation; manage comorbidities to reduce arrhythmia recurrence. 60

    • Key Recommendations

  • Use GDF15 levels pre-ablation to predict recurrence of atrial arrhythmias. (Evidence: Moderate) 2
  • Employ catheter ablation as first-line therapy for symptomatic refractory atrial arrhythmias. (Evidence: Strong) 1510142224283336384368
  • Implement biphasic waveform for cardioversion to enhance safety and efficacy. (Evidence: Moderate) 4056
  • Consider His-bundle pacing in patients undergoing atrioventricular node ablation to reduce pacing-related complications. (Evidence: Moderate) 1113
  • Monitor and manage inflammation markers post-ablation to potentially reduce arrhythmia recurrence. (Evidence: Weak) 60

    • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 219 indexed papers.

    1 Garrott K, Bifulco S, Ramirez D, Koop B. Lesion Formation in Cardiac Pulsed-Field Ablation: Acute to Chronic Cellular Level Changes. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2026. link 2 Tennigkeit J, Wiegelmann M, Massa C, Lübcke J, Dammermann W, Börner K et al.. Plasma GDF15 concentration predicts early recurrence after atrial arrhythmia ablation. JCI insight 2026. link 3 Barrios-Álvarez de Arcaya J, Termenón-Rivas M, Romitti GS, Liberos A, Rodrigo M. Influence of Anatomical Definition and Substrate Condition on Simulations of Atrial Arrhythmias. Annals of biomedical engineering 2026. link 4 Ratti C, Malaguti M, De Mitri G, D'Aniello E. Smartwatch detection of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation: when the apple falls far from the tree - case report. Future cardiology 2026. link 5 Keelani A, Alothman O, Borisov G, Frommhold M, Bartoli L, Abdelwahab H et al.. Feasibility and Clinical Efficacy of Focal Pulsed Field Ablation in Patients With Non-Pulmonary Vein Triggered Atrial Arrhythmia From the Superior Caval Vein. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2025. link 6 De Sio V, Gragnano F, Capolongo A, Terracciano F, Maddaluna P, Guarnaccia N et al.. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs): Current evidence and open questions. International journal of cardiology 2025. link 7 Cheng TY, Lee TW, Li SJ, Lee TI, Chen YC, Kao YH et al.. Short-chain fatty acid butyrate against TMAO activating endoplasmic-reticulum stress and PERK/IRE1-axis with reducing atrial arrhythmia. Journal of advanced research 2025. link 8 Lin C, Nguyen A, Ling I, Partow-Navid R, Leung S, Zadeh A et al.. SuperMap algorithm: an efficient, safe and accurate modality for mapping and eliminating challenging cardiac arrhythmias. Future cardiology 2024. link 9 Zou F, Krumerman A. Atrial Tachycardia Masquerading as Atrial Fibrillation Following Bi-Atrial MAZE Procedure. Cardiac electrophysiology clinics 2024. link 10 Balli Ş, Kanlioğlu P, Altin HF. Use of the advisor™ HD Grid mapping catheter in transcatheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias in palliated CHD and children without CHD. Cardiology in the young 2024. link 11 Chaumont C, Azincot M, Savouré A, Auquier N, Hamoud RA, Popescu E et al.. His bundle pacing versus left bundle branch area pacing in patients undergoing atrioventricular node ablation: A prospective and comparative study. Archives of cardiovascular diseases 2024. link 12 Berruezo A, Penela D, Jáuregui B, de Asmundis C, Peretto G, Marrouche N et al.. Twenty-five years of research in cardiac imaging in electrophysiology procedures for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2023. link 13 Chaumont C, Auquier N, Milhem A, Mirolo A, Arnaout AA, Popescu E et al.. His-bundle pacing and atrioventricular nodal ablation for noncontrolled atrial arrhythmia: A technical challenge with major clinical benefits. Heart rhythm 2023. link 14 Feuerborn ML, Dechand J, Vadlamudi RS, Torre M, Freedman RA, Groh C et al.. Protocol Development and Initial Experience With Intravenous Sotalol Loading for Atrial Arrhythmias. Critical pathways in cardiology 2023. link 15 Hernández-Romero I, Molero R, Fambuena-Santos C, Herrero-Martín C, Climent AM, Guillem MS. Electrocardiographic imaging in the atria. Medical & biological engineering & computing 2023. link 16 Santurri M, Bonga J, Schmid M, Cauti FM, Solimene F, Polselli M et al.. Automated conduction velocity estimation based on isochronal activation of heart chambers. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2023. link 17 Gagyi RB, Noten AME, Lesina K, Mahmoodi BK, Yap SC, Hoogendijk MG et al.. Single-beat global atrial mapping facilitates the treatment of short-lived atrial tachycardias and infrequent premature atrial contractions. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2023. link 18 Sebastian J, Thomas T, Wu F, Tang SY, Joshi B, van Pelt N et al.. Cardiac Computed Tomography to exclude left atrial appendage thrombus in atrial arrhythmias prior to electrical cardioversion during the COVID-19 pandemic. The New Zealand medical journal 2022. link 19 Greene D, Kaboudian A, Wasserstrom JA, Fenton FH, Shiferaw Y. Voltage-mediated mechanism for calcium wave synchronization and arrhythmogenesis in atrial tissue. Biophysical journal 2022. link 20 Kwok M, de Klerk PS, Vogt B, Wu M. A young man with irregularly irregular narrow complex tachycardia. Journal of electrocardiology 2021. link 21 Obergassel J, O'Reilly M, Sommerfeld LC, Kabir SN, O'Shea C, Syeda F et al.. Effects of genetic background, sex, and age on murine atrial electrophysiology. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2021. link 22 Tsujioka S, Nozoe M, Kawano Y, Suematsu N, Kubota T. Successful Catheter Ablation for Multiple Atrial Arrhythmias in a Patient with Situs Inversus Totalis. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2021. link 23 Willy K, Reinke F, Ellermann C, Leitz P, Wasmer K, Köbe J et al.. Long-term experience of atrioventricular node ablation in patients with refractory atrial arrhythmias. Heart and vessels 2020. link 24 Cen Z, Yang W, Xie Z, Li J, Cui K. Multi-electrode mapping of complex macroreentry atrial tachycardia. Journal of electrocardiology 2020. link 25 Eerikainen LM, Bonomi AG, Schipper F, Dekker LRC, de Morree HM, Vullings R et al.. Detecting Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter in Daily Life Using Photoplethysmography Data. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2020. link 26 Biswas M, Levy A, Weber R, Tarakji K, Chung M, Noseworthy PA et al.. Multicenter Analysis of Dosing Protocols for Sotalol Initiation. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics 2020. link 27 Babakr AA, Fomison-Nurse IC, van Hout I, Aitken-Buck HM, Sugunesegran R, Davis PJ et al.. Acute interaction between human epicardial adipose tissue and human atrial myocardium induces arrhythmic susceptibility. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2020. link 28 Biffi M, Iori M, De Maria E, Bolognesi MG, Placci A, Calvi V et al.. The role of atrial sensing for new-onset atrial arrhythmias diagnosis and management in single-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients: Results from the THINGS registry. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2020. link 29 Logantha SJRJ, Kharche SR, Zhang Y, Atkinson AJ, Hao G, Boyett MR et al.. Sinus node-like pacemaker mechanisms regulate ectopic pacemaker activity in the adult rat atrioventricular ring. Scientific reports 2019. link 30 Boyle PM, Murphy MJ, Karathanos TV, Zahid S, Blake RC, Trayanova NA. Termination of re-entrant atrial tachycardia via optogenetic stimulation with optimized spatial targeting: insights from computational models. The Journal of physiology 2018. link 31 O'Neal WT, Soliman EZ, Efird JT, Judd SE, Howard VJ, Howard G et al.. Fine particulate air pollution and premature atrial contractions: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study. Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 2017. link 32 Enriquez A, Santangeli P, Zado ES, Liang J, Castro S, Garcia FC et al.. Postoperative atrial tachycardias after mitral valve surgery: Mechanisms and outcomes of catheter ablation. Heart rhythm 2017. link 33 Hołda MK, Koziej M, Hołda J, Tyrak K, Piątek K, Bolechała F et al.. Anatomic characteristics of the mitral isthmus region: The left atrial appendage isthmus as a possible ablation target. Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft 2017. link 34 Orczykowski M, Derejko P, Urbanek P, Bodalski R, Kodziszewska K, Sierpiński R et al.. Ablation of Macro-Re-Entrant Atrial Arrhythmia Late after Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement. The Journal of heart valve disease 2016. link 35 Fox H, Bitter T, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O. Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter into sinus rhythm reduces nocturnal central respiratory events and unmasks obstructive sleep apnoea. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 2016. link 36 Bollmann A, Hilbert S, John S, Kosiuk J, Hindricks G. Initial Experience With Ultra High-Density Mapping of Human Right Atria. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2016. link 37 Palti Y, Schatzberger R, Zreik M, Solter E, Kronzon I. Footprints of cardiac mechanical activity as expressed in lung Doppler signals. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2015. link 38 Quallich SG, Van Heel M, Iaizzo PA. Optimal contact forces to minimize cardiac perforations before, during, and/or after radiofrequency or cryothermal ablations. Heart rhythm 2015. link 39 Lüker J, von Bodman G, Sultan A, Brömsen J, Akbulak RÖ, Schäffer B et al.. Safety and efficacy of external electrical cardioversion in patients with left ventricular leads. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 2015. link 40 Wittwer MR, Rajendran S, Kealley J, Arstall MA. A South Australian registry of biphasic cardioversions of atrial arrhythmias: efficacy and predictors of success. Heart, lung & circulation 2015. link 41 Glukhov AV, Kalyanasundaram A, Lou Q, Hage LT, Hansen BJ, Belevych AE et al.. Calsequestrin 2 deletion causes sinoatrial node dysfunction and atrial arrhythmias associated with altered sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling and degenerative fibrosis within the mouse atrial pacemaker complex1. European heart journal 2015. link 42 Ban JE, Park SW, Kim YH. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachyarrhythmias after an atrial switch operation in a patient with univentricular heart combined with transposition of the great arteries. Cardiology in the young 2015. link 43 Insulander P, Bastani H, Braunschweig F, Drca N, Gudmundsson K, Kennebäck G et al.. Cryoablation of substrates adjacent to the atrioventricular node: acute and long-term safety of 1303 ablation procedures. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2014. link 44 Zhang XD, Timofeyev V, Li N, Myers RE, Zhang DM, Singapuri A et al.. Critical roles of a small conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channel (SK3) in the repolarization process of atrial myocytes. Cardiovascular research 2014. link 45 Müller H, Reverdin S, Burri H, Shah D, Lerch R. Measurement of left and right atrial volume in patients undergoing ablation for atrial arrhythmias: comparison of a manual versus semiautomatic algorithm of real time 3D echocardiography. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2014. link 46 Wei S, Cui Y, Xie M, Wang G, Kyutoku Y, Tian J et al.. Atrial arrhythmias after pulmonary resection: the important role of pulmonary vein resection. The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon 2013. link 47 Yan J, Kong W, Zhang Q, Beyer EC, Walcott G, Fast VG et al.. c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation contributes to reduced connexin43 and development of atrial arrhythmias. Cardiovascular research 2013. link 48 Li H, Scherlag BJ, Kem DC, Zillner C, Male S, Thirunavukkarasu S et al.. Atrial tachycardia provoked in the presence of activating autoantibodies to β2-adrenergic receptor in the rabbit. Heart rhythm 2013. link 49 Joung B, Zhang H, Shinohara T, Maruyama M, Han S, Kim D et al.. Delayed afterdepolarization in intact canine sinoatrial node as a novel mechanism for atrial arrhythmia. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2011. link 50 van Tellingen C. What's up Doc? Or about running about. International journal of cardiology 2011. link 51 Mareedu RK, Abdalrahman IB, Dharmashankar KC, Granada JF, Chyou PH, Sharma PP et al.. Atrial flutter versus atrial fibrillation in a general population: differences in comorbidities associated with their respective onset. Clinical medicine & research 2010. link 52 Sakaguchi H, Miyazaki A, Hirata T, Satomi K. Congenitally closed tricuspid annulus functions as arrhythmogenic substrate of atrial arrhythmia in patient with tricuspid atresia. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2010. link 53 Rose E, Chinitz LA, Holmes DS, Aizer A. A novel mechanism of failure to detect atrial arrhythmias by pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2010. link 54 Shinohara T, Joung B, Kim D, Maruyama M, Luk HN, Chen PS et al.. Induction of atrial ectopic beats with calcium release inhibition: Local hierarchy of automaticity in the right atrium. Heart rhythm 2010. link 55 Elsharkawy H, Lewis BS, Steiger E, Farag E. Post placement positional atrial fibrillation and peripherally inserted central catheters. Minerva anestesiologica 2009. link 56 Kutarski A, Głowniak A, Szcześniak D, Ruciński P. Effects of different atrial pacing modes evaluated by intracardiac signal-averaged ECG. Cardiology journal 2008. link 57 Colombowala IK, Massumi A, Rasekh A, Saeed M, Cheng J, Fakhri B et al.. Variability in post-pacing intervals predicts global atrial activation pattern during tachycardia. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2008. link 58 Gallagher MM, Yap YG, Padula M, Ward DE, Rowland E, Camm AJ. Arrhythmic complications of electrical cardioversion: relationship to shock energy. International journal of cardiology 2008. link 59 Page RL, Pritchett EL, Connolly S, Wilkinson WE. Azimilide for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: results of a randomized trial and insights on the concordance of symptoms and recurrent arrhythmias. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2008. link 60 Marcus GM, Smith LM, Glidden DV, Wilson E, McCabe JM, Whiteman D et al.. Markers of inflammation before and after curative ablation of atrial flutter. Heart rhythm 2008. link 61 Prajapat L, Ariyarajah V, Spodick DH. Abnormal atrial depolarization associated with Chiari network?. Cardiology 2007. link 62 Laszlo R, Winkler C, Wöhrl S, Wessel RE, Laszlo S, Busch MC et al.. Effect of verapamil on tachycardia-induced early cellular electrical remodeling in rabbit atrium. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 2007. link 63 Seiler J, Schmid DK, Irtel TA, Tanner H, Rotter M, Schwick N et al.. Dual-loop circuits in postoperative atrial macro re-entrant tachycardias. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2007. link 64 Emkanjoo Z, Mottadayen M, Givtaj N, Alasti M, Arya A, Haghjoo M et al.. Evaluation of post-radiofrequency myocardial injury by measuring cardiac troponin I levels. International journal of cardiology 2007. link 65 Liberman L, Hordof AJ, Altmann K, Pass RH. Low energy biphasic waveform cardioversion of atrial arrhythmias in pediatric patients and young adults. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2006. link 66 Finch SJ, van Zyl LT. Cardioversion of persistent atrial arrhythmia after treatment with venlafaxine in successful management of major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychosomatics 2006. link 67 Ziegler PD, Koehler JL, Mehra R. Comparison of continuous versus intermittent monitoring of atrial arrhythmias. Heart rhythm 2006. link 68 Fenelon G, Franco M, Arfelli E, Okada M, De Araújo S, De Paola AA. Acute and chronic effects of extensive radiofrequency lesions in the canine caval veins: implications for ablation of atrial arrhythmias. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2006. link 69 Ryu K, Sahadevan J, Khrestian CM, Stambler BS, Waldo AL. Use of fast fourier transform analysis of atrial electrograms for rapid characterization of atrial activation-implications for delineating possible mechanisms of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2006. link 70 Stambler BS, Guo GB. Atrial natriuretic peptide has dose-dependent, autonomically mediated effects on atrial refractoriness and repolarization in anesthetized dogs. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2005. link 71 Swissa M, Zhou S, Paz O, Fishbein MC, Chen LS, Chen PS. Canine model of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2005. link 72 Nam GB, Choi KJ, Kim J, Rhee KS, Kim YH, Lee JM. Correlation of electrotonic monophasic action potential shortening with short-term memory in human atrium. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2005. link 73 Van Hemel NM, Wohlgemuth P, Engbers JG, Lawo T, Nebaznivy J, Taborsky M et al.. Form analysis using digital signal processing reliably discriminates far-field R waves from P waves. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2004. link 74 Docherty B, Douglas M. Cardiac care: 2. Electrocardiogram interpretation--atrial arrhythmias. Professional nurse (London, England) 2003. link 75 Orem RC, Ahmad S, Siudyla P. A novel approach to the management of symptomatic junctional and ectopic atrial rhythms. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2003. link 76 Sakai T. Optical mapping of the spread of excitation in the isolated rat atrium during tachycardia-like excitation. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 2003. link 77 Mitchell AR, Chalil S, Boodhoo L, Bordoli G, Patel N, Sulke N. Diazepam or midazolam for external DC cardioversion (the DORM Study). Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2003. link00077-1) 78 Hügl B, Israel CW, Unterberg C, Lawo T, Geller JC, Kennis IM et al.. Incremental programming of atrial anti-tachycardia pacing therapies in bradycardia-indicated patients: effects on therapy efficacy and atrial tachyarrhythmia burden. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2003. link00082-5) 79 Cosío FG, Martín-Peñato A, Pastor A, Nuñez A, Goicolea A. Atypical flutter: a review. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2003. link 80 Katoh T, Kinoshita S, Yasuda R, Sasaki Y, Tsujimura Y. Atrial escape-capture bigeminy in dominant atrial rhythm with 2:1 exit block. Journal of electrocardiology 2003. link00080-3) 81 Brendel J, Peukert S. Blockers of the Kv1.5 channel for the treatment of atrial arrhythmias. Current medicinal chemistry. Cardiovascular and hematological agents 2003. link 82 Chandra P, Rosen TS, Herweg B, Danilo P, Rosen MR. Left atrial pacing induces memory and is associated with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Cardiovascular research 2003. link00536-4) 83 Pau D, Workman AJ, Kane KA, Rankin AC. Electrophysiological effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on isolated human atrial myocytes, and the influence of chronic beta-adrenoceptor blockade. British journal of pharmacology 2003. link 84 Anné W, van Rensburg H, Adams J, Ector H, Van de Werf F, Heidbüchel H. Ablation of post-surgical intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia. Predilection target sites and mapping approach. European heart journal 2002. link 85 Shah P, Veale-Morello C, Cameron D, Steeves J, Harris L. Split atrial electrograms recorded during dual chamber pacing. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2002. link 86 Ren JF, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ, Herrmann HC. Clinical use of AcuNav diagnostic ultrasound catheter imaging during left heart radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter closure procedures. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2002. link 87 Skanes AC, Yee R, Krahn AD, Klein GJ. Cryoablation of atrial arrhythmias. Cardiac electrophysiology review 2002. link 88 Pickoff AS, Stolfi A. Ibutilide induced intraatrial Wenckebach periodicity in the neonatal canine heart. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2001. link 89 Kasai A, Anselme F, Saoudi N. Myocardial connections between left atrial myocardium and coronary sinus musculature in man. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2001. link 90 Applegate TE. Atrial arrhythmias. Primary care 2000. link70169-x) 91 Ramirez RJ, Nattel S, Courtemanche M. Mathematical analysis of canine atrial action potentials: rate, regional factors, and electrical remodeling. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2000. link 92 Strohmer B, Chen PS, Hwang C. Radiofrequency ablation of focal atrial tachycardia and atrioatrial conduction from recipient to donor after orthotopic heart transplantation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2000. link 93 Funck RC, Adamec R, Lurje L, Capucci A, Ritter P, Shekan D et al.. Atrial overdriving is beneficial in patients with atrial arrhythmias: first results of the PROVE Study. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2000. link 94 Dijkman B, Wellens HJ. Diagnosis and therapy of atrial tachyarrhythmias in the dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2000. link 95 Corbisiero R, Kabell G, Cook JR, Fitzgerald TF, Kirchhoffer JB. Effects of adenosine on local stimulus-response latency and induction of atrial fibrillation by premature stimuli. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 1999. link 96 Zrenner B, Ndrepepa G, Schneider M, Karch M, Hofmann F, Schömig A et al.. Computer-assisted animation of atrial tachyarrhythmias recorded with a 64-electrode basket catheter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1999. link00454-4) 97 Dobran IJ, Niebch V, Vester EG. Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial trigeminy in a young patient. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 1998. link 98 Rae AP. Placebo-controlled evaluations of propafenone for atrial tachyarrhythmias. The American journal of cardiology 1998. link00739-5) 99 Lesh MD, Kalman JM, Karch MR. Use of intracardiac echocardiography during electrophysiologic evaluation and therapy of atrial arrhythmias. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 1998. link 100 Garrigue S, Barold SS, Cazeau S, Gencel L, Jaïs P, Haissaguerre M et al.. Prevention of atrial arrhythmias during DDD pacing by atrial overdrive. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 1998. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Lesion Formation in Cardiac Pulsed-Field Ablation: Acute to Chronic Cellular Level Changes. — Garrott K, Bifulco S, Ramirez D, Koop B Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE (2026)
    2. [2]
      Plasma GDF15 concentration predicts early recurrence after atrial arrhythmia ablation. — Tennigkeit J, Wiegelmann M, Massa C, Lübcke J, Dammermann W, Börner K et al. JCI insight (2026)
    3. [3]
      Influence of Anatomical Definition and Substrate Condition on Simulations of Atrial Arrhythmias. — Barrios-Álvarez de Arcaya J, Termenón-Rivas M, Romitti GS, Liberos A, Rodrigo M Annals of biomedical engineering (2026)
    4. [4]
      Smartwatch detection of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation: when the apple falls far from the tree - case report. — Ratti C, Malaguti M, De Mitri G, D'Aniello E Future cardiology (2026)
    5. [5]
      Feasibility and Clinical Efficacy of Focal Pulsed Field Ablation in Patients With Non-Pulmonary Vein Triggered Atrial Arrhythmia From the Superior Caval Vein. — Keelani A, Alothman O, Borisov G, Frommhold M, Bartoli L, Abdelwahab H et al. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology (2025)
    6. [6]
      Antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs): Current evidence and open questions. — De Sio V, Gragnano F, Capolongo A, Terracciano F, Maddaluna P, Guarnaccia N et al. International journal of cardiology (2025)
    7. [7]
      Short-chain fatty acid butyrate against TMAO activating endoplasmic-reticulum stress and PERK/IRE1-axis with reducing atrial arrhythmia. — Cheng TY, Lee TW, Li SJ, Lee TI, Chen YC, Kao YH et al. Journal of advanced research (2025)
    8. [8]
      SuperMap algorithm: an efficient, safe and accurate modality for mapping and eliminating challenging cardiac arrhythmias. — Lin C, Nguyen A, Ling I, Partow-Navid R, Leung S, Zadeh A et al. Future cardiology (2024)
    9. [9]
      Atrial Tachycardia Masquerading as Atrial Fibrillation Following Bi-Atrial MAZE Procedure. — Zou F, Krumerman A Cardiac electrophysiology clinics (2024)
    10. [10]
      Use of the advisor™ HD Grid mapping catheter in transcatheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias in palliated CHD and children without CHD. — Balli Ş, Kanlioğlu P, Altin HF Cardiology in the young (2024)
    11. [11]
      His bundle pacing versus left bundle branch area pacing in patients undergoing atrioventricular node ablation: A prospective and comparative study. — Chaumont C, Azincot M, Savouré A, Auquier N, Hamoud RA, Popescu E et al. Archives of cardiovascular diseases (2024)
    12. [12]
      Twenty-five years of research in cardiac imaging in electrophysiology procedures for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. — Berruezo A, Penela D, Jáuregui B, de Asmundis C, Peretto G, Marrouche N et al. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology (2023)
    13. [13]
      His-bundle pacing and atrioventricular nodal ablation for noncontrolled atrial arrhythmia: A technical challenge with major clinical benefits. — Chaumont C, Auquier N, Milhem A, Mirolo A, Arnaout AA, Popescu E et al. Heart rhythm (2023)
    14. [14]
      Protocol Development and Initial Experience With Intravenous Sotalol Loading for Atrial Arrhythmias. — Feuerborn ML, Dechand J, Vadlamudi RS, Torre M, Freedman RA, Groh C et al. Critical pathways in cardiology (2023)
    15. [15]
      Electrocardiographic imaging in the atria. — Hernández-Romero I, Molero R, Fambuena-Santos C, Herrero-Martín C, Climent AM, Guillem MS Medical & biological engineering & computing (2023)
    16. [16]
      Automated conduction velocity estimation based on isochronal activation of heart chambers. — Santurri M, Bonga J, Schmid M, Cauti FM, Solimene F, Polselli M et al. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing (2023)
    17. [17]
      Single-beat global atrial mapping facilitates the treatment of short-lived atrial tachycardias and infrequent premature atrial contractions. — Gagyi RB, Noten AME, Lesina K, Mahmoodi BK, Yap SC, Hoogendijk MG et al. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing (2023)
    18. [18]
      Cardiac Computed Tomography to exclude left atrial appendage thrombus in atrial arrhythmias prior to electrical cardioversion during the COVID-19 pandemic. — Sebastian J, Thomas T, Wu F, Tang SY, Joshi B, van Pelt N et al. The New Zealand medical journal (2022)
    19. [19]
      Voltage-mediated mechanism for calcium wave synchronization and arrhythmogenesis in atrial tissue. — Greene D, Kaboudian A, Wasserstrom JA, Fenton FH, Shiferaw Y Biophysical journal (2022)
    20. [20]
      A young man with irregularly irregular narrow complex tachycardia. — Kwok M, de Klerk PS, Vogt B, Wu M Journal of electrocardiology (2021)
    21. [21]
      Effects of genetic background, sex, and age on murine atrial electrophysiology. — Obergassel J, O'Reilly M, Sommerfeld LC, Kabir SN, O'Shea C, Syeda F et al. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology (2021)
    22. [22]
      Successful Catheter Ablation for Multiple Atrial Arrhythmias in a Patient with Situs Inversus Totalis. — Tsujioka S, Nozoe M, Kawano Y, Suematsu N, Kubota T Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2021)
    23. [23]
      Long-term experience of atrioventricular node ablation in patients with refractory atrial arrhythmias. — Willy K, Reinke F, Ellermann C, Leitz P, Wasmer K, Köbe J et al. Heart and vessels (2020)
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