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Allergy & Immunology11 papers

Tinea nigra

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Tinea nigra is a superficial fungal infection typically caused by Phaeoannellomyces werneckii, characterized by brown to black macules on palmar or plantar skin, often mistaken for melanocytic lesions 23.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Brown to black macules on palmar or plantar surfaces 23.
  • Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Preparation: Reveals pigmented hyphae, confirming diagnosis 3.
  • Dermoscopy: Utilizes Stolz system for differentiation from melanocytic lesions; fastest and simplest diagnostic tool 2.
  • Biopsy: Rarely needed but can be definitive if other methods are inconclusive 2.
  • Management

  • Topical Antifungals: Terbinafine or ciclopirox are commonly used; specific dosing not detailed in abstracts 3.
  • Systemic Antifungals: Considered in extensive or refractory cases, though specific agents and dosing are not specified 3.
  • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: No specific considerations mentioned in provided abstracts 1.
  • Elderly: No specific considerations mentioned in provided abstracts 1.
  • Comorbidities: No specific interactions or considerations noted in provided abstracts 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Utilize dermoscopy as a rapid and non-invasive tool to differentiate tinea nigra from melanocytic lesions (Evidence: Moderate) 2.
  • Confirm diagnosis with potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation to visualize fungal elements (Evidence: Moderate) 3.
  • Initiate treatment with topical antifungals such as terbinafine or ciclopirox for localized tinea nigra (Evidence: Expert opinion) 3.
  • References

    1 Ravizza T, Velísková J, Moshé SL. Testosterone regulates androgen and estrogen receptor immunoreactivity in rat substantia nigra pars reticulata. Neuroscience letters 2003. link01317-4) 2 Smith SB, Beals SL, Elston DM, Meffert JJ. Dermoscopy in the diagnosis of tinea nigra plantaris. Cutis 2001. link 3 Hall J, Perry VE. Tinea nigra palmaris: differentiation from malignant melanoma or junctional nevi. Cutis 1998. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
    2. [2]
      Dermoscopy in the diagnosis of tinea nigra plantaris.Smith SB, Beals SL, Elston DM, Meffert JJ Cutis (2001)
    3. [3]

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