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Emergency Medicine2 papers

Catatonic schizophrenia

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by alterations in movement, speech, and behavior 1. It can occur in the context of schizophrenia or other psychiatric and medical conditions 1.

Diagnosis

  • Diagnostic criteria include altered motor activity, volition, and behavior 1.
  • The Tool for Evaluating the Methodological Quality of Case Reports and Case Series was used to assess study quality 1.
  • Management

  • Clozapine demonstrated efficacy in treating catatonia, with over 80% of patients achieving at least partial remission 1.
  • This effect was observed across cohort studies and case reports/series 1.
  • Clozapine withdrawal occurred in 23.8% of patients in case reports and series 1.
  • Findings should be interpreted with caution due to the reliance on lower-quality studies and potential biases 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Clozapine may be considered for the treatment of catatonia, with over 80% of patients experiencing at least partial remission 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Treatment with clozapine should be interpreted with caution due to the methodological limitations of available studies, including reliance on case reports and small cohort studies 1. (Evidence: Weak)
  • References

    1 Saini A, Begum N, Matti J, Ghanem DA, Fripp L, Pollak TA et al.. Clozapine as a treatment for catatonia: A systematic review. Schizophrenia research 2024. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Clozapine as a treatment for catatonia: A systematic review.Saini A, Begum N, Matti J, Ghanem DA, Fripp L, Pollak TA et al. Schizophrenia research (2024)
    2. [2]
      Long standing trismus as the initial presentation of acute catatonic schizophrenia.Von Arx DP The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery (1989)

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