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Non-organic infant feeding disturbance — Clinical Guidelines

Overview

Non-organic infant feeding disturbances refer to feeding challenges in infants not attributable to organic causes, encompassing issues like feeding refusal, aversion, or difficulties unrelated to medical conditions. These disturbances can significantly impact infant nutrition and development, often requiring supportive interventions and parental education 1 2 3.

Diagnosis

Clinical Assessment: Evaluate feeding behavior, growth patterns, and parental concerns 1 14.

Exclusion of Organic Causes: Rule out underlying medical conditions through physical examination and relevant tests 1 14.

Parental Interview: Gather detailed feeding history and environmental factors affecting feeding practices 1 3.

Management

Supportive Counseling: Provide psychological and emotional support to parents 1 2.

Education and Training: Offer guidance on proper feeding techniques, including bottle-feeding practices for those who need it 2.

Behavioral Interventions: Implement strategies to encourage feeding, such as paced bottle feeding or responsive feeding approaches 2 5.

Monitoring Growth: Regularly track infant growth parameters to ensure adequate nutrition 1 14.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Focus on early intervention and parental education to mitigate feeding disturbances 1 2 3.

Comorbidities: Address feeding issues in the context of broader health challenges, ensuring holistic care 1 12.

Key Recommendations

Develop and implement comprehensive emergency preparedness plans for infant and young child feeding to address disruptions during crises (Evidence: Expert opinion) 1 7.

Enhance healthcare provider training in bottle-feeding techniques and support to ensure adequate information for parents [Evidence: Moderate] 2.

Utilize educational videos and multimedia resources to improve maternal knowledge and practices regarding infant feeding, especially in resource-limited settings (Evidence: Moderate) 4.

Advocate for supportive policy environments that promote optimal infant feeding practices, including adherence to the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (Evidence: Expert opinion) 8 9.

Ensure food safety standards for commercial complementary foods in emergencies to prevent foodborne illnesses (Evidence: Weak) 6.

References

1 O'Sullivan EJ, Kennedy A. Parents' experiences of infant and young child feeding during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. Public health nutrition 2023. link 2 Kotowski J, Fowler C, Orr F. Bottle-feeding, a neglected area of learning and support for nurses working in child health: An exploratory qualitative study. Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community 2022. link 3 De Rosso S, Nicklaus S, Ducrot P, Schwartz C. Information seeking of French parents regarding infant and young child feeding: practices, needs and determinants. Public health nutrition 2022. link 4 Schneider L, Kosola M, Uusimäki K, Ollila S, Lubeka C, Kimiywe J et al.. Mothers' perceptions on and learning from infant and young child-feeding videos displayed in Mother and Child Health Centers in Kenya: a qualitative and quantitative approach. Public health nutrition 2021. link 5 Gomez MS, Novaes APT, Silva JPD, Guerra LM, Possobon RF. BABY-LED WEANING, AN OVERVIEW OF THE NEW APPROACH TO FOOD INTRODUCTION: INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW. Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo 2020. link 6 Theurich MA, Humphreys AL, Gosselin LB, McCool-Myers ME. Food safety considerations for commercial complementary foods from global operational guidance on infant and young child feeding in emergencies. Nutrition reviews 2019. link 7 Gribble K, Peterson M, Brown D. Emergency preparedness for infant and young child feeding in emergencies (IYCF-E): an Australian audit of emergency plans and guidance. BMC public health 2019. link 8 Michaud-Létourneau I, Gayard M, Pelletier DL. Strengthening advocacy and policy change for infant and young child feeding. Maternal & child nutrition 2019. link 9 Michaud-Létourneau I, Gayard M, Pelletier DL. Contribution of the Alive & Thrive-UNICEF advocacy efforts to improve infant and young child feeding policies in Southeast Asia. Maternal & child nutrition 2019. link 10 Prudhon C, Benelli P, Maclaine A, Harrigan P, Frize J. Informing infant and young child feeding programming in humanitarian emergencies: An evidence map of reviews including low and middle income countries. Maternal & child nutrition 2018. link 11 Shaker-Berbari L, Ghattas H, Symon AG, Anderson AS. Infant and young child feeding in emergencies: Organisational policies and activities during the refugee crisis in Lebanon. Maternal & child nutrition 2018. link 12 Summers A, Bilukha OO. Suboptimal infant and young child feeding practices among internally displaced persons during conflict in eastern Ukraine. Public health nutrition 2018. link 13 Fewtrell MS, Domellöf M, Hojsak I, Hulst JM, Kennedy K, Koletzko B et al.. Attrition in Long-Term Nutrition Research Studies: A Commentary by the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Early Nutrition Research Working Group. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2016. link 14 Cameron AS, Barker M, Douglas RM. Symptoms and feeding patterns in the first year of life. Australian family physician 1979. link 15 Wilkinson PW, Noble TC, Gray G, Spence O. Inaccuracies in measurement of dried milk powders. British medical journal 1973. link

Non-organic infant feeding disturbance