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Cardiology28 papers

Metastatic disseminated retinitis

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Belantamab mafodotin (belamaf) is an antibody-drug conjugate used to treat relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma 1. Ocular adverse events are a common side effect of this therapy, primarily manifesting as changes to the corneal epithelium 1. These events are generally reversible and can be managed through treatment schedule adjustments 1.

Diagnosis

  • Baseline Evaluation: All patients should undergo a comprehensive ophthalmic examination by an eye specialist before initiating therapy 1.
  • Grading System: Ocular toxicity is identified and monitored using the Keratopathy and Visual Acuity (KVA) scale 1.
  • Severity: The majority of belamaf-associated ocular events are classified as Grade 1 or 2 per the KVA scale 1.
  • Management

  • Dose Modification: The primary management strategy involves delaying doses or decreasing the frequency of administration 1.
  • Supportive Care: Use of artificial tears is recommended to manage corneal epithelial changes 1.
  • Reversibility: Ocular events are reversible in almost all patients with appropriate monitoring and dose adjustments 1.
  • Special Populations

  • Rapid Disease Progression: If a patient is progressing rapidly or if there are significant delays in obtaining a specialist eye exam, initiation of therapy may be considered based on clinical urgency 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Perform a baseline ophthalmic evaluation with an eye specialist for all patients prior to starting belantamab mafodotin 1. (Evidence: Strong)
  • Manage ocular adverse events primarily through dose delays and/or reduced frequency of dosing 1. (Evidence: Strong)
  • Utilize artificial tears as a standard adjunctive measure to minimize the impact of corneal epithelial changes 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Monitor and grade ocular toxicity using the Keratopathy and Visual Acuity (KVA) scale to guide treatment modifications 1. (Evidence: Strong)
  • References

    1 Terpos E, Trudel S, Mateos MV, Alejandre N, Colby K, Dimopoulos MA et al.. Practical Guidance on Clinical Management of Belantamab Mafodotin-Associated Ocular Events. American journal of hematology 2025. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Practical Guidance on Clinical Management of Belantamab Mafodotin-Associated Ocular Events.Terpos E, Trudel S, Mateos MV, Alejandre N, Colby K, Dimopoulos MA et al. American journal of hematology (2025)

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