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Ophthalmology5 papers

Charles Bonnet syndrome

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) involves complex visual hallucinations in individuals with intact mental health, typically those with visual impairment 12.

Diagnosis

  • Positive response to screening questionnaire about visual hallucinations 1.
  • Symptoms must occur in individuals with visual impairment 1.
  • Exclusion of other psychiatric disorders through clinical evaluation 2.
  • Management

  • Education and reassurance for patients and caregivers 2.
  • Environmental modifications to reduce distress 2.
  • No specific pharmacological treatments mentioned; focus on supportive care 12.
  • Special Populations

  • Elderly: Prevalence noted but not significantly different from other groups (0.6% to 0.8%) 1.
  • Low vision: Prevalence slightly higher (0.8%) compared to overall but not significantly different 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Screen visually impaired patients for CBS symptoms using validated questionnaires to ensure accurate identification 1 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • Provide psychological support and education to patients and families to manage hallucinations effectively 2 (Evidence: Expert opinion).
  • Consider environmental adjustments to minimize distress caused by hallucinations 2 (Evidence: Expert opinion).
  • References

    1 Shiraishi Y, Terao T, Ibi K, Nakamura J, Tawara A. The rarity of Charles Bonnet syndrome. Journal of psychiatric research 2004. link00090-6) 2 Hart J. Phantom visions: real enough to touch. Elderly care 1997. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      The rarity of Charles Bonnet syndrome.Shiraishi Y, Terao T, Ibi K, Nakamura J, Tawara A Journal of psychiatric research (2004)
    2. [2]
      Phantom visions: real enough to touch.Hart J Elderly care (1997)

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