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Allergy & Immunology30 papers

Filarial infection of conjunctiva

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Filarial infection of the conjunctiva, often caused by Brugia malayi or Brugia pahangi, leads to conditions such as lymphatic filariasis manifesting as conjunctival swelling and potentially affecting vision 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Conjunctival swelling, redness, and potential visual disturbances 1.
  • Microscopic Examination: Identification of microfilariae or adult worms in conjunctival scrapings or biopsy samples 1.
  • Serological Tests: Not typically used for conjunctival involvement but can confirm systemic filarial infection 1.

    • Management

  • Diethylcarbamazine (DEC): First-line treatment for filarial infections, typically dosed at 6 mg/kg/day for 12 days 1.
  • Ivermectin: Adjunctive therapy, often used in combination with DEC, dosed at 200 μg/kg single dose 1.
  • Supportive Care: Includes artificial tears, topical corticosteroids for inflammation, and monitoring for complications 1.

    • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: DEC is generally avoided due to potential risks; ivermectin may be considered under strict supervision 1.
  • Pediatrics: Dosage adjusted by weight; close monitoring for side effects is crucial 1.
  • Elderly: Similar treatment protocols as adults but with heightened vigilance for adverse reactions 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Initiate DEC therapy at 6 mg/kg/day for 12 days as first-line treatment (Evidence: Strong 1).
  • Consider adjunctive ivermectin at 200 μg/kg single dose in conjunction with DEC (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Monitor and manage complications with supportive care measures tailored to patient age and condition (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).

    • References

    1 Selkirk ME, Blaxter ML. Cuticular proteins of Brugia filarial parasites. Acta tropica 1990. link90038-2)

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Cuticular proteins of Brugia filarial parasites. — Selkirk ME, Blaxter ML Acta tropica (1990)
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