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Cardiology3275 papers

Diseases of mitral and aortic valves

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Mitral and aortic valve diseases encompass a range of conditions affecting heart valve function, including stenosis and regurgitation, leading to impaired hemodynamics and potential heart failure if untreated. 64 66

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Symptoms include dyspnea, palpitations, fatigue, and angina. 66

Physical Examination: Murmurs are key indicators; aortic stenosis often presents with a harsh systolic ejection murmur, while mitral regurgitation may show a holosystolic murmur. 64

Echocardiography: Essential for definitive diagnosis, assessing valve structure, function, and severity. 64 66

Cardiac Catheterization: Used in selected cases for precise hemodynamic assessment and intervention planning. 66

Grading: Severity graded using criteria like the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines. 66

Management

Medical Management: Includes management of comorbidities like hypertension and arrhythmias. 66

Aortic Stenosis: Surgical options such as valve replacement (mechanical or biological) are definitive treatments. 64

Mitral Regurgitation: Repair (e.g., annuloplasty) or replacement depending on etiology and severity. 64

Device Therapies: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for high-risk surgical candidates. 64

Lifestyle Modifications: Regular exercise, dietary changes, and smoking cessation to manage risk factors. 66

Regular Monitoring: Follow-up echocardiograms to assess valve function and clinical progression. 66

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Requires careful management to balance maternal and fetal health; valve replacement timing and type are critical considerations. 18

Elderly: Increased risk of comorbidities; treatment decisions often prioritize minimally invasive options like TAVR. 64 66

Comorbidities: Presence of other chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, renal impairment) influences treatment choices and outcomes. 66 80

Key Recommendations

Echocardiography for Diagnosis and Monitoring: Essential for initial diagnosis and ongoing assessment of valve function and disease progression. (Evidence: Strong 64 66)

TAVR for High-Risk Surgical Candidates: Consider transcatheter aortic valve replacement as a viable alternative to surgical valve replacement in high-risk patients. (Evidence: Moderate 64)

Multidisciplinary Care Approach: Incorporate cardiology, cardiac surgery, and primary care to manage comorbidities and optimize outcomes in patients with complex valvular heart disease. (Evidence: Expert opinion 66)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 892 indexed papers.

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Clinical nutrition ESPEN 2026. link 6 Padovani-Claudio DA, Bastarache L. Opportunities and challenges in leveraging multiomics and biobanks for vision science. Current opinion in ophthalmology 2026. link 7 Ma T, Wu Q, Jiang L, Zeng X, Wang Y, Yuan Y et al.. Artificial Intelligence and Machine (Deep) Learning in Otorhinolaryngology: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2026. link 8 Xu Y, Wei H, Guo Q, Ding J, Yang Y. The Silver Tsunami Prescription: A Comprehensive Analysis of Approval Delays and Innovation Assessment in China's Novel Geriatric Drugs (2005-2024). Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2026. link 9 Lee CC, Kim GJ, Kim S, Hong JY, Hwang WM, Kim JY et al.. Multi-Institutional Drug Use Patterns in Hospitalized Older Patients: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR medical informatics 2026. link 10 Muhammad RN, Aborehab NM, Aly SH, Nasr NN, Hindam MO, Mustafa AM et al.. 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Original source

[1]
Skin Diseases: The Forgotten Problem in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies. — Fernández Camporro Á, Arcos González P Disaster medicine and public health preparedness (2026)
[2]
Public health interventions for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in humanitarian emergencies: an overview of systematic reviews. — Aoun A, Bou-Karroum L, Chidiac N, Idriss-Wheeler D, El-Jardali F BMC public health (2026)
[3]
AI and Digital Tools in Dermatology: Addressing Access and Misinformation. — du Crest D, Madhumita M, Enbiale W, Ruiz Postigo JA, Malvehy J, Wongvibulsin S et al. JMIR dermatology (2026)
[4]
International Expert Consensus on Knowledge Gaps in Care for Dermatologic Disorders in Skin of Color. — Lim HW, Zhang C, Taylor M, Dlova NC, Conceição K, Jablonski N et al. International journal of dermatology (2026)
[5]
Basics in clinical sports nutrition: Physical activity, muscle and clinical nutrition. — Kozjek NR, Tonin G, Prado C, Maughan RJ Clinical nutrition ESPEN (2026)
[6]
Opportunities and challenges in leveraging multiomics and biobanks for vision science. — Padovani-Claudio DA, Bastarache L Current opinion in ophthalmology (2026)
[7]
Artificial Intelligence and Machine (Deep) Learning in Otorhinolaryngology: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace. — Ma T, Wu Q, Jiang L, Zeng X, Wang Y, Yuan Y et al. Ear, nose, & throat journal (2026)
[8]
The Silver Tsunami Prescription: A Comprehensive Analysis of Approval Delays and Innovation Assessment in China's Novel Geriatric Drugs (2005-2024). — Xu Y, Wei H, Guo Q, Ding J, Yang Y Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (2026)
[9]
Multi-Institutional Drug Use Patterns in Hospitalized Older Patients: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. — Lee CC, Kim GJ, Kim S, Hong JY, Hwang WM, Kim JY et al. JMIR medical informatics (2026)
[10]
Natural products as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for the management of non-communicable diseases. — Muhammad RN, Aborehab NM, Aly SH, Nasr NN, Hindam MO, Mustafa AM et al. Inflammopharmacology (2026)
[11]
The Simultaneous Prevention of Multiple Diseases: A "One Ring to Rule Them All" Framework for Redox-Driven Health and Longevity. — Silverstein HR, Rizvanov AA, Haines DD, Mahmoud FF, Rose SC, Solovyeva VV et al. Nutrients (2026)
[12]
Microbiota-driven mechanisms in multisystem diseases: integrative evidence across cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological and autoimmune disorders. — Ansari S, Purohit KJ, Shelke AB, Shah M, Nkhoma IA, Navale AM et al. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (2026)
[13]
Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Patterns of Multimorbidity Among Older Adults in Zhejiang, China: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Utilizing Electronic Health Records. — Zhao Y, Lin T, Jiang X, Yang Q, Wang W, Xu L et al. Journal of aging & social policy (2026)
[14]
Family functionality and its association with non-communicable diseases among urban adults in Selangor, Malaysia: a cross-sectional study. — Abdullah NN, Azzani M, Mohamad M, Ismail Z, Jamil AT, Isa MR et al. BMJ open (2026)
[15]
Soy Foods Consumption and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. — Li W, Wei X, Zhang J, Wang L, Chen L, Li F et al. Molecular nutrition & food research (2026)
[16]
Mortality and Years of Life Lost From Cardiometabolic Diseases in Mexico: National and State-Level Trends, 1998-2022. — Agudelo-Botero M, Dávila-Cervantes CA Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) (2026)
[17]
Symptomatology of depression and onset of cardiometabolic diseases - A 7-year follow-up study. — Alshehri T, Tian Y, Li-Gao R, van der Velde J, le Cessie S, Rosendaal FR et al. Brain, behavior, and immunity (2026)
[18]
Association of Maternal and Foetal Outcomes with Selected Non-Communicable Diseases in Pregnant Women. — Shirazi N, Sarwar H, Tanweer A Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2026)
[19]
Dairy Consumption and Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Prospective Cohort Study of the China Kadoorie Biobank. — Kakkoura MG, Wang H, Iona A, Chen Y, Kartsonaki C, Im PK et al. The Journal of nutrition (2026)
[20]
Non-communicable disease burden in China, 1990-2023: Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. — Zhang T, Jiang H, Xu X, Zhao Z, Zhou M Chinese medical journal (2026)
[21]
Motivators and Barriers for Health Behavioral Change Among Mothers With Cardiometabolic Diseases: Qualitative Evidence in Thailand. — Darawong C, Waewpanyasil N The science of diabetes self-management and care (2026)
[22]
Shared genetic architecture between sleep traits and cardiometabolic diseases. — Zhang Y, Jian S, Ouyang H, Purushotham Y, Yu Q, Tang B et al. EBioMedicine (2026)
[23]
Sustained physical activity offers benefits beyond activity volume in chronic disease prevention. — Fang Z, Wang P, Rosner BA, Giovannucci EL, Song M Nature communications (2026)
[24]
Screening for Chronic Conditions During Wellness Programs? A Case Study. — Sava MG, Bichescu BC American journal of health promotion : AJHP (2026)
[25]
Indications for haematopoietic cell transplantation and CAR-T for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: 2025 EBMT practice recommendations. — Greco R, Ruggeri A, McLornan DP, Snowden JA, Alexander T, Angelucci E et al. Bone marrow transplantation (2025)
[26]
The immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseases. — Tang W, Lu X, Zhu Z, Yu D, Liu H, Song Y et al. Frontiers in immunology (2025)
[27]
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