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Anesthesiology8 papers

Endocarditis - typhoid

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Typhoid endocarditis is a rare but serious complication of typhoid fever, characterized by infection of the heart valves, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical suspicion based on fever, bacteremia, and signs of valvular heart disease 1.
  • Blood cultures essential for confirming Salmonella typhi or S. paratyphi infection 1.
  • Echocardiography crucial for visualizing vegetations and assessing valvular damage 1.

    • Management

  • Antimicrobial Therapy: Intravenous ceftriaxone or cefotaxime for initial treatment, typically continued for 14-21 days 1.
  • Resuscitation and Supportive Care: Address severe dehydration and hemodynamic instability preoperatively 1.
  • Surgical Intervention: Valve replacement or repair may be necessary for severe valvular damage 1.

    • Special Populations

  • Elderly and High ASA Grades: Higher risk of complications; careful preoperative resuscitation and anesthetic management are critical 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Conduct thorough preoperative resuscitation to stabilize hemodynamic status before surgical intervention (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Use intravenous third-generation cephalosporins for initial antimicrobial therapy in suspected typhoid endocarditis (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Perform echocardiography to assess valvular involvement and guide surgical decisions (Evidence: Moderate 1).

    • References

    1 Kolawole IK. Anaesthesia and typhiod perforation: an anaesthetist's experience. African journal of medicine and medical sciences 2002. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Anaesthesia and typhiod perforation: an anaesthetist's experience. — Kolawole IK African journal of medicine and medical sciences (2002)
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