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Pulmonology5932 papers

Asthma

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory condition characterized by reversible airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. 2

Diagnosis

Clinical History: Symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

Spirometry: Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio <0.70 and/or FEV1 reversibility ≥12% and ≥200 mL. 4

Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) Monitoring: Variability >20% over 2-3 days.

Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO): Elevated levels indicative of eosinophilic inflammation. 15

Imaging: Chest CT may be considered in severe cases to rule out complications. 30

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS): Daily use for persistent asthma. 2 3 - Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABA): As needed for quick relief. 17 20

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABA): Combined with ICS for better control. 2 3 - Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRA): As add-on therapy if ICS/LABA insufficient. 14 - Biologic Therapies: For severe asthma, particularly those with type 2 inflammation (e.g., dupilumab, tezepelumab). 3 5 6 14

Systemic Corticosteroids: For acute exacerbations; short-term use to reduce inflammation. 23 32

Magnesium Sulfate: Intravenous use in severe pediatric asthma exacerbations may be considered. 32 38

Special Populations

Pediatrics:

- Initial Management: Focus on ICS, SABA, and proper inhaler technique education. 7 8 16 26 - Severe Asthma: Consider biologics like dupilumab for type 2 inflammation. 31

Elderly:

- Increased Comorbidities: Tailor treatment considering cardiovascular risks and polypharmacy. 58

Comorbidities:

- Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome: Monitor for associations with asthma control and adjust management accordingly. 28 - Cardiovascular Disease: Be cautious with systemic corticosteroids due to potential cardiovascular risks. 68

Key Recommendations

Initiate Inhaled Corticosteroids for Persistent Asthma: Daily ICS use for patients with persistent symptoms to control inflammation. (Evidence: Strong 2 3)

Use Biologic Therapies for Severe Type 2 Inflammatory Asthma: Consider dupilumab or tezepelumab in adults and children with severe asthma and type 2 inflammation. (Evidence: Moderate 5 6 14)

Monitor and Optimize Inhaler Technique: Ensure proper use of inhalers to maximize therapeutic benefits, especially in pediatric patients. (Evidence: Moderate 16 26)

Systemic Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations: Use short-term systemic corticosteroids for severe exacerbations to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms. (Evidence: Strong 23 32)

Consider Environmental Factors: Address indoor air pollutants and environmental triggers to improve asthma control, particularly in pediatric populations. (Evidence: Moderate 15)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 1635 indexed papers.

1 Zheng K, Zhao Y, Li J, Chen X. Asthma's clotting shadow: a meta-analysis unveiling a thrombotic ticking time bomb. The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 2026. link 2 Hamelmann E, Schorlemer C, Derichs N, Eber E, Gerstlauer M, Jung A et al.. Severe Asthma in Children and Adolescents: an AWMF Guideline by the German Society for Pediatric Pulmonology. Klinische Padiatrie 2026. link 3 Oberle AJ, Abbas F, Adrish M, Agache I, Conroy M, Coz Yataco AO et al.. Biologic Management in Severe Asthma for Adults: An American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline. Chest 2026. link 4 Du D, He S, Qin J, Wang H, Gao L, Chen M et al.. Diagnostic performance of FEV. Chronic respiratory disease 2026. link 5 Rattu A, Dixey P, Charles D, Brightling C, Chung KF, Bossios A et al.. Predictors of Response to Biologics for Severe Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Allergy 2026. link 6 Feleszko W, Caminati M, Gern JE, Johnston SL, Marchese C, Clarke D et al.. Effect of tezepelumab on asthma exacerbations co-occurring with infection-attributed acute respiratory illnesses. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 2026. link 7 de Groot A, Mackle R, Gray M, Chan M, Hodgins M, Hu N et al.. Understanding how personalized pediatric asthma information and support addresses rural families' unmet needs. The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association 2026. link 8 Hamud AA, Mudawi K, Powell C, Zou Zou A, Salem R, Tonbari A et al.. Use of inhaled/nebulised ipratropium bromide in addition to standard first-line treatment with inhaled/nebulised short-acting beta 2-agonist and systemic steroid in the management of acute asthma exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Archives of disease in childhood 2026. link 9 Kumari MV, Rajapakse S, Mohamed S, Devanarayana N, Rajindrajith S, Amarasiri L. Prevalence of asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and their association with health-related quality-of-life: a cross-sectional study among a cohort of Sri Lankan adolescents. BMJ open 2026. link 10 Gregory JC, Jones KC, Sagor R, Stransky ML, Drainoni ML, Cohen RT. Provider perspectives on the implementation of an evidence-based acute asthma pathway in the pediatric primary care setting. The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 2026. link 11 Mao Z, Huang Y, Zhu X, Zheng P, Wang L, Zhang F et al.. Adverse events associated with tezepelumab: a safety analysis of clinical trials and a pharmacovigilance system. Expert opinion on drug safety 2026. link 12 Chen Z, Zhu C, Cui Z, Zou F, Lan Y. Safety Assessment of Budesonide/Formoterol: Real-World Pharmacovigilance Analysis Using the FAERS, JADER, and CVAR Databases. Clinical therapeutics 2026. link 13 White BR, Miller AG, Baker J, Basnet S, Carroll CL, Craven H et al.. AARC and PALISI Clinical Practice Guideline: Pediatric Critical Asthma. Respiratory care 2025. link 14 Fokkens WJ, Backer V, Lund VJ, Barnes PJ, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Bjermer L et al.. Pocket guide: biologics in upper and lower airways in adults. Rhinology 2025. link 15 Agache I, Annesi-Maesano I, Cecchi L, Biagioni B, Chung F, D'Amato G et al.. EAACI Guidelines on Environmental Science for Allergy and Asthma-Recommendations on the Impact of Indoor Air Pollutants on the Risk of New-Onset Asthma and on Asthma-Related Outcomes. Allergy 2025. link 16 Marko M, Pawliczak R. Inhalation technique-related errors after education among asthma and COPD patients using different types of inhalers - systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ primary care respiratory medicine 2025. link 17 Rayner DG, Ferri DM, Guyatt GH, O'Byrne PM, Brignardello-Petersen R, Foroutan F et al.. Inhaled Reliever Therapies for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA 2025. link 18 Lipworth BJ, Greig R, Chan R, Kuo CR, Jackson C. Head-To-Head Comparison of Biologic Efficacy in Asthma: What Have We Learned?. Allergy 2025. link 19 Zhou W, Tang J. Prevalence and risk factors for childhood asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC pediatrics 2025. link 20 Meulmeester FL, Mailhot-Larouche S, Celis-Preciado C, Lemaire-Paquette S, Ramakrishnan S, Wechsler ME et al.. Inflammatory and clinical risk factors for asthma attacks (ORACLE2): a patient-level meta-analysis of control groups of 22 randomised trials. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine 2025. link00037-2) 21 Ma Q, Lu M, Yang Q, Gong F, Zhou L, Xu D. Effects of aerobic exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation on quality of life in pediatric asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart & lung : the journal of critical care 2025. link 22 Tsao CL, Chan SY, Lee MH, Hsieh TYJ, Phipatanakul W, Ruran HB et al.. Adverse Outcomes Associated With Short-Acting Beta-Agonist Overuse in Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Allergy 2025. link 23 Amagasa S, Utsumi S, Okajima K, Uematsu S. Oral systemic corticosteroids in children with acute asthma exacerbations: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Archives of disease in childhood 2025. link 24 Lisik D, Özuygur Ermis SS, Milani GP, Spolidoro GCI, Ercan S, Salisu M et al.. Machine learning-derived asthma and allergy trajectories in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 2025. link 25 Pierantoni L, Muratore E, Cerasi S, Zama D, Del Bono C, Gori D et al.. Salbutamol safety in children under 2 years of age with acute wheezing: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Archives of disease in childhood 2025. link 26 Zhang XY, Wang XJ, Liu J. Effectiveness of Nursing Intervention for Managing Paediatric Asthma: A Meta-Analysis. International journal of nursing practice 2025. link 27 . Global, regional, and national burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis, 1990-2021, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine 2025. link00003-7) 28 Kuniyoshi Y, Tsujimoto Y, Banno M, Taito S, Ariie T, Kimoto T. Association of obesity or metabolic syndrome with various allergic diseases: An overview of reviews. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2025. link 29 Ucgun H, Akinci B, Teber S, Kaya Aytutuldu G, Akcal O. Unlocking the power of gamification: Video game-based breathing vs. conventional breathing exercises on pulmonary and extrapulmonary features in children with asthma. The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 2025. link 30 Luzzi S, Pianigiani T, Dilroba A, Meocci M, Salvadori E, Picchi B et al.. Computed tomography in severe asthma assessment: a systematic review. The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 2025. link 31 Jackson DJ, Gappa M, Bacharier LB, Deschildre A, Ross K, Xia C et al.. Dupilumab efficacy by disease severity in pediatric type 2 asthma. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2025. link 32 Rower JE, Johnson MD, Zorc JJ, Shihabuddin B, Dai M, Barney BJ et al.. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in Pediatric Acute Asthma Exacerbations. Journal of clinical pharmacology 2025. link 33 Li Y, Ren M, Wang Y, Qi X, Wang H, Liang N et al.. A meta-analysis of the effects of community-based treatments for asthma in children. BMC pediatrics 2025. link 34 Tameeris E, Bohnen AM, Bindels PJE, Elshout G. The effect of allergic rhinitis treatment on asthma control: a systematic review. NPJ primary care respiratory medicine 2025. link 35 Jiang M, Zhang Y, Liu T, Hong X, Kho AT, Li J et al.. Circulating miRNAs and childhood asthma ICS response: a stratified analysis in the intervention arm of an RCT with vitamin D effect modification. Thorax 2025. link 36 Kay S, Rajeevan H, Son M, Kwah J, Ramirez M, Liu Y et al.. Sex-biased Gene Expression Underlies Immune Dysfunction in Asthma. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 2025. link 37 Jesenak M, Hrubisko M, Chudek J, Bystron J, Rennerova Z, Diamant Z et al.. Beneficial effects of pleuran on asthma control and respiratory tract-infection frequency in children with perennial asthma. Scientific reports 2025. link 38 Johnson MD, Shihabuddin BS, Barney BJ, Dai M, Harbour T, Jung Y et al.. Intravenous Magnesium: Prompt use for Asthma in Children Treated in the Emergency Department (IMPACT-ED), a pilot randomized trial. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2025. link 39 Manini MB, da Silva NC, de Castro RA, Grotta MB, Toro AADC. Is Palivizumabe a Protective Factor for the Development of Asthma in Children? A Systematic Review With Metanalysis. Pediatric pulmonology 2025. link 40 Rosenberg K. As-needed albuterol and budesonide combined therapy is safe and effective for mild asthma. The American journal of nursing 2025. link 41 Abulimiti K, Shoukeer K, Luo X. Controversies in Pediatric Asthma: A Bibliometric Evaluation. Pediatric pulmonology 2025. link 42 Espaillat A, Jairath M, Loughlin CE. Pediatric Pulmonology 2024 Year in Review: Asthma. Pediatric pulmonology 2025. link 43 Espaillat A, Loughlin CE, Stephenson N. Pediatric pulmonology 2023 year in review: Asthma. Pediatric pulmonology 2025. link 44 Hu D, Mei L, An D, Zhang Z, Sha Y, Zhou W. Bibliometric perspectives on inflammatory and immunological research in pediatric asthma. The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 2025. link 45 Lee B, Turner SW, Hine J, McMurray A, Roland D, Borland ML et al.. Consensus outcomes between health professionals and parents for oral corticosteroids in treating preschool wheeze: a multi-national survey and nominal group technique study. Archives of disease in childhood 2025. link 46 Fedele DA, Ray JM, Mallela JL, Bian J, Chen A, Qin X et al.. Development of a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Implement Asthma Management Guidelines in Pediatric Primary Care: Qualitative Study. JMIR formative research 2025. link 47 Gray C, Collings M, Benito J, Velasco R, Lyttle MD, Roland D et al.. Analysis of the asthma scores recommended in guidelines for children presenting to the emergency department: a Pediatric Emergency Research Networks study. Archives of disease in childhood 2025. link 48 Stadhouders L, Hoogteijling EM, Duijts L, Lebon A. Trends in asthma exacerbations in children before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiology and infection 2025. link 49 Mudawi K, Hamud A, Powell C, Alnasif N, Tonbari A, Zou Zou A et al.. Use of intravenous aminophylline in addition to the standard first-line treatment in children and adolescents with an acute asthma exacerbation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Archives of disease in childhood 2025. link 50 Alsulaiman JW, Yehya S, Kheirallah KA, Alrawashdeh A, Wahsheh M, Fraij A et al.. Beyond cigarettes: waterpipe tobacco use as a key driver of paediatric asthma in Jordan. BMJ paediatrics open 2025. link 51 McDonald MD, Dantzler D, Nichols M, Miller S, Dawley E, Walgrave M et al.. Reporting of asthma mobile health data for clinical practice: a qualitative study of pediatric provider perspectives. The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 2025. link 52 Brooks R, Babushkin V, Rekhtman D, Cohen-Cymberknoh M, Shoseyov D, Shavit I. Can Intravenous Caffeine Citrate Be Used for Severe Asthma Exacerbation in Children? A Retrospective Comparative Study. Journal of paediatrics and child health 2025. link 53 Salie M, Salie S. A Retrospective Review of Children Admitted With Acute Severe Asthma to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital Between 2009 and 2019. Journal of paediatrics and child health 2025. link 54 Braithwaite J, Fisher G, Harrison R, Mumford V, Davis EA, de Wet C et al.. The National Paediatric Applied Research Translation Initiative (N-PARTI): using implementation science to improve primary care for Australian children with asthma, type 1 diabetes, and infections. BMC health services research 2025. link 55 Lu Y, Yu X, Feng Z, Xiang Z, Xu F, Zheng J et al.. Causal effects of breastfeeding on childhood health outcomes: A Mendelian randomization analysis of mental and physical health. Medicine 2025. link 56 Wang VA, Habre R, Ryan PH, Datta S, Luttmann-Gibson H, Blossom J et al.. Residing in a low-income-low-food-access neighbourhood and asthma in early and middle childhood in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program: a multisite cohort study. BMJ open 2025. link 57 Tomasello A, Benfante A, Gentile L, Genduso G, Lombardino A, Macaluso D et al.. Current status of biological therapy use for older adults with severe asthma. Expert review of clinical pharmacology 2025. link 58 Hung CT, Liu DC, Chou KT, Kao YH. Trends in polypharmacy among U.S. adults with asthma, 2001-2020. The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 2025. link 59 Boyd M, Eyimina A, Brown CC, Goudie A, Ararat E, Rezaeiahari M et al.. Association of Allergy Specialty Care and Asthma Outcomes for Medicaid-Enrolled Children. The Journal of pediatrics 2025. link 60 Yesmin SM, Sultana S, Ferdousi S. Does Vitamin D₃ Supplementation Improve Cardiac Autonomic Nerve Function in Vitamin D₃ Deficient Asthma COPD Overlap (ACO) Patients? A Randomized Clinical Trial. Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ 2025. link 61 Krasowski R, Kamińska K, Głodek K, Ostrowska J, Zajda K, Pawliczak R et al.. The therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in asthma. Pharmacological reports : PR 2025. link 62 Patchen BK, Best CM, Boiteau J, Solvik BS, Vonderschmidt A, Xu J et al.. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnant or breastfeeding women or young children for preventing asthma. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2025. link 63 Song Y, Wang Z, Wang N, Xie X, Zhu T, Wang Y. A real-world pharmacovigilance study of omalizumab using disproportionality analysis in the FDA adverse drug events reporting system database. Scientific reports 2025. link 64 Huang H, Chen K, Du Y, Gao J, Ye Y, Lin W. A real-world data analysis of montelukast in FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. BMC pharmacology & toxicology 2025. link 65 Matera MG, Calzetta L, De Biase A, Lauro D, Rogliani P, Cazzola M. A disproportionality analysis of diabetes mellitus in patients treated with biologics for asthma and related conditions using FAERS data. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 2025. link 66 Gershnabel Milk D, Lam KK, Han JK. Postmarketing Analysis of Eosinophilic Adverse Reactions in the use of Biologic Therapies for Type 2 Inflammatory Conditions. American journal of rhinology & allergy 2025. link 67 Shen G, Yang Y, Wang N, Shi S, Chen Y, Qiao Y et al.. Association of life's essential 8 and asthma: mediating effect of inflammation and oxidative stress. The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 2025. link 68 Lin J, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Kivimäki M, Carrillo-Larco RM, Xu C et al.. Associations of asthma with cardiometabolic diseases and multimorbidity: A cohort study in the UK Biobank. NPJ primary care respiratory medicine 2025. link 69 Dick JB. Unilateral Mydriasis in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services: A Case of Ophthalmic Ipratropium Exposure in Pediatric Asthmatic Cardiac Arrest Prompting Cerebral Herniation Prophylaxis. Air medical journal 2025. link 70 Aggarwal K, Bansal V, Mahmood R, Kanagala SG, Jain R. Asthma and Cardiovascular Diseases: Uncovering Common Ground in Risk Factors and Pathogenesis. Cardiology in review 2025. link 71 Hidalgo-Martín J, Del Carmen Ruiz-Iniesta M, Pola-Gallego-de-Guzmán MD, Manetsberger J, Martínez-Lechuga MB, Ramos-Cuadra JÁ et al.. Detecting heart failure in severe asthma patients using speckle tracking echocardiography. Critical care (London, England) 2025. link 72 Nogueira-Garcia B, Alves M, Pinto FJ, Caldeira D. The association between asthma and atrial fibrillation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific reports 2024. link 73 Papadopoulou E, Bin Safar S, Khalil A, Hansel J, Wang R, Corlateanu A et al.. Inhaled . European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 2024. link 74 Manti S, Magri P, De Silvestri A, De Filippo M, Votto M, Marseglia GL et al.. Epidemiology of severe asthma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 2024. link 75 Kyriakopoulos C, Gogali A, Markozannes G, Kostikas K. Biologic agents licensed for severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 2024. link 76 Ambrożej D, Adamiec A, Forno E, Orzołek I, Feleszko W, Castro-Rodriguez JA. Intravenous magnesium sulfate for asthma exacerbations in children: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Paediatric respiratory reviews 2024. link 77 Votto M, De Silvestri A, Postiglione L, De Filippo M, Manti S, La Grutta S et al.. Predicting paediatric asthma exacerbations with machine learning: a systematic review with meta-analysis. European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 2024. link 78 Yu J, Xu L, Han A, Xie M. The epidemiology of asthma in Mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC public health 2024. link 79 Lee S, Tian D, He R, Cragg JJ, Carlsten C, Giang A et al.. Ambient air pollution exposure and adult asthma incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. Planetary health 2024. link00279-1) 80 Phinyo P, Krikeerati T, Vichara-Anont I, Thongngarm T. Efficacy and Safety of Biologics for Oral Corticosteroid-Dependent Asthma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2024. link 81 Kumar J, Kumar P, Goyal JP, Rajvanshi N, Prabhakaran K, Meena J et al.. Role of nebulised magnesium sulfate in treating acute asthma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ paediatrics open 2024. link 82 Agache I, Canelo-Aybar C, Annesi-Maesano I, Cecchi L, Rigau D, Rodríguez-Tanta LY et al.. The impact of outdoor pollution and extreme temperatures on asthma-related outcomes: A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergic diseases and asthma. Allergy 2024. link 83 Fedora K, Setyoningrum RA, Aina Q, Rosyidah LN, Ni'mah NL, Titiharja FF. Vitamin D supplementation decrease asthma exacerbations in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Annals of medicine 2024. link 84 Álvarez-Gutiérrez FJ, Casas-Maldonado F, Soto-Campos G, Blanco-Aparicio M, Delgado J, Galo AP et al.. Spanish Consensus on Remission in Asthma (REMAS). Archivos de bronconeumologia 2024. link 85 Eijkemans M, Mommers M, Harskamp-van Ginkel MW, Vrijkotte TGM, Ludvigsson J, Faresjö Å et al.. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and childhood asthma: a European collaborative analysis. BMJ open respiratory research 2024. link 86 Maspero JF, Antila MA, Deschildre A, Bacharier LB, Altincatal A, Laws E et al.. Dupilumab Efficacy in Children With Type 2 Asthma Receiving High- to Medium-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroids (VOYAGE). The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2024. link 87 Korang SK, Baker M, Feinberg J, Newth CJ, Khemani RG, Jakobsen JC. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for acute asthma in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024. link 88 Debiazzi MS, Bonatto RC, Campos FJ, Martin JG, Fioretto JR, Hansen MLDN et al.. Inhaled magnesium versus inhaled salbutamol in rescue treatment for moderate and severe asthma exacerbations in pediatric patients. Jornal de pediatria 2024. link 89 Bacharier LB, Pavord ID, Maspero JF, Jackson DJ, Fiocchi AG, Mao X et al.. Blood eosinophils and fractional exhaled nitric oxide are prognostic and predictive biomarkers in childhood asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2024. link 90 David MMC, Gomes ELFD, Cavassini CLF, Luiz JG, Costa D. Comparison of the effects of high-flow nasal cannula and bilevel positive airway pressure treatments as respiratory physiotherapy interventions for children with asthma exacerbation: a randomized clinical trial. Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2024. link 91 Papadopoulos NG, Custovic A, Deschildre A, Gern JE, Nieto Garcia A, Miligkos M et al.. Recommendations for asthma monitoring in children: A PeARL document endorsed by APAPARI, EAACI, INTERASMA, REG, and WAO. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2024. link 92 Wong W. Mind over asthma. Science signaling 2024. link 93 Sharma S, Garg M. Investigating the role of vitamin D in asthma. eLife 2024. link 94 Drazen JM, Fredberg JJ. Epithelial cells crowded out in asthma. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2024. link 95 Arceneaux LS, Gregory KL. Climate change and its impact on asthma. The Nurse practitioner 2024. link 96 Rosenberg K. Better Outcomes with Pulmonologist-Directed Care of Asthma or COPD. The American journal of nursing 2024. link 97 Shacham E, Scroggins SE, Gilmore A, Cheng J, Nava R. Predictors of Pediatric Asthma Management: Identifying Actionable Results With Geographic Determinants. Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP 2024. link 98 Eposse Ekoube C, Abba S, Endale Mangamba M, Mandeng Ma Linwa E, Tchouamo Pokem A, Mbonjo Bitsie D et al.. Factors associated with sensitisation to selected aero-allergens in children and adolescents with asthma followed up at Laquintinie Hospital Douala, Cameroon. Pediatric pulmonology 2024. link 99 Craig S, Collings M, Gray C, Benito J, Velasco R, Lyttle MD et al.. Analysis of guideline recommendations for treatment of asthma exacerbations in children: a Pediatric Emergency Research Networks (PERN) study. 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Original source

[1]
Asthma's clotting shadow: a meta-analysis unveiling a thrombotic ticking time bomb. — Zheng K, Zhao Y, Li J, Chen X The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma (2026)
[2]
Severe Asthma in Children and Adolescents: an AWMF Guideline by the German Society for Pediatric Pulmonology. — Hamelmann E, Schorlemer C, Derichs N, Eber E, Gerstlauer M, Jung A et al. Klinische Padiatrie (2026)
[3]
Biologic Management in Severe Asthma for Adults: An American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline. — Oberle AJ, Abbas F, Adrish M, Agache I, Conroy M, Coz Yataco AO et al. Chest (2026)
[4]
Diagnostic performance of FEV — Du D, He S, Qin J, Wang H, Gao L, Chen M et al. Chronic respiratory disease (2026)
[5]
Predictors of Response to Biologics for Severe Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Rattu A, Dixey P, Charles D, Brightling C, Chung KF, Bossios A et al. Allergy (2026)
[6]
Effect of tezepelumab on asthma exacerbations co-occurring with infection-attributed acute respiratory illnesses. — Feleszko W, Caminati M, Gern JE, Johnston SL, Marchese C, Clarke D et al. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology (2026)
[7]
Understanding how personalized pediatric asthma information and support addresses rural families' unmet needs. — de Groot A, Mackle R, Gray M, Chan M, Hodgins M, Hu N et al. The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association (2026)
[8]
Use of inhaled/nebulised ipratropium bromide in addition to standard first-line treatment with inhaled/nebulised short-acting beta 2-agonist and systemic steroid in the management of acute asthma exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. — Hamud AA, Mudawi K, Powell C, Zou Zou A, Salem R, Tonbari A et al. Archives of disease in childhood (2026)
[9]
Prevalence of asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and their association with health-related quality-of-life: a cross-sectional study among a cohort of Sri Lankan adolescents. — Kumari MV, Rajapakse S, Mohamed S, Devanarayana N, Rajindrajith S, Amarasiri L BMJ open (2026)
[10]
Provider perspectives on the implementation of an evidence-based acute asthma pathway in the pediatric primary care setting. — Gregory JC, Jones KC, Sagor R, Stransky ML, Drainoni ML, Cohen RT The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma (2026)
[11]
Adverse events associated with tezepelumab: a safety analysis of clinical trials and a pharmacovigilance system. — Mao Z, Huang Y, Zhu X, Zheng P, Wang L, Zhang F et al. Expert opinion on drug safety (2026)
[12]
Safety Assessment of Budesonide/Formoterol: Real-World Pharmacovigilance Analysis Using the FAERS, JADER, and CVAR Databases. — Chen Z, Zhu C, Cui Z, Zou F, Lan Y Clinical therapeutics (2026)
[13]
AARC and PALISI Clinical Practice Guideline: Pediatric Critical Asthma. — White BR, Miller AG, Baker J, Basnet S, Carroll CL, Craven H et al. Respiratory care (2025)
[14]
Pocket guide: biologics in upper and lower airways in adults. — Fokkens WJ, Backer V, Lund VJ, Barnes PJ, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Bjermer L et al. Rhinology (2025)
[15]
EAACI Guidelines on Environmental Science for Allergy and Asthma-Recommendations on the Impact of Indoor Air Pollutants on the Risk of New-Onset Asthma and on Asthma-Related Outcomes. — Agache I, Annesi-Maesano I, Cecchi L, Biagioni B, Chung F, D'Amato G et al. Allergy (2025)
[16]
Inhalation technique-related errors after education among asthma and COPD patients using different types of inhalers - systematic review and meta-analysis. — Marko M, Pawliczak R NPJ primary care respiratory medicine (2025)
[17]
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