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Pulmonology246 papers

Postprocedural respiratory disorders

Last edited: 4/14/2026

Overview

Postprocedural respiratory disorders encompass a range of complications that can arise following medical procedures, particularly impacting pediatric and neonatal populations. These disorders may include respiratory distress, infections, and complications related to airway management techniques such as intubation and bronchoscopy 71428.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Symptoms: Respiratory distress, fever, cough, wheezing, and changes in breath sounds 7.
  • Imaging Studies: Chest X-rays and CT scans to identify pneumonias, atelectasis, or other structural abnormalities 7.
  • Laboratory Tests: Blood cultures, complete blood count (CBC), and inflammatory markers (e.g., CRP) to assess infection 7.
  • Bronchoscopy: Diagnostic tool for evaluating airway patency and identifying foreign bodies or mucosal injuries 2829.
  • Pulmonary Function Tests: Useful in assessing long-term respiratory function, particularly in pediatric patients 7.

    • Management

  • Antibiotics: For suspected or confirmed infections, guided by culture results 7.
  • Mechanical Ventilation: In cases of severe respiratory failure, ensuring proper monitoring and weaning protocols 11.
  • Airway Management: Proper techniques for intubation and bronchoscopy to minimize trauma and complications 2829.
  • Supportive Care: Oxygen therapy, hydration, and symptomatic relief measures 7.
  • Preventive Measures: Strict aseptic techniques during procedures to reduce infection risk 7.

    • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Increased vigilance for complications like post-intubation laryngitis and bronchitis; specialized training in pediatric procedural techniques is crucial 3728.
  • Neonates: Higher susceptibility to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections post-procedural; close monitoring in NICU settings 710.
  • Elderly: Higher risk of complications from respiratory infections and deconditioning; tailored rehabilitation programs recommended 9.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Implement rigorous infection control protocols during and post-procedures to minimize respiratory complications (Evidence: Strong 7).
  • Utilize advanced imaging and diagnostic bronchoscopy judiciously to accurately diagnose postprocedural respiratory disorders (Evidence: Moderate 28).
  • Provide specialized training in pediatric procedural techniques to reduce airway-related complications (Evidence: Expert opinion 3).
  • Employ structured weaning protocols for mechanical ventilation to prevent weaning failure and respiratory complications (Evidence: Moderate 11).
  • Tailor postprocedural care plans considering patient age and comorbidities to optimize recovery and minimize long-term respiratory issues (Evidence: Moderate 910).

    • References

    1 Rawat SS, Nagabhushana S, Modi NP. From Inception to Innovation: Journey of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics-National Respiratory Chapter (IAP-NRC). Indian pediatrics 2026. link 2 Mirleau V, Hlavaty A, Jutant EM, Hennegrave F, Bihan K, Freppel R et al.. Respiratory Disorders Associated with Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A Combined Analysis of the French and the WHO Pharmacovigilance Databases. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2026. link 3 Schramm D. Integrating novel interventional techniques into pediatric pulmonology training. Pediatric pulmonology 2025. link 4 Chong-Neto HJ, Filho NAR. How does air quality affect the health of children and adolescents?. Jornal de pediatria 2025. link 5 Eiffener E, Murekatete R, Merritt AS, Georgelis A, Fahlén Zelander C, Al-Nahar L et al.. Crowded housing, indoor environment and children's respiratory, allergic and general health in Sweden: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open 2025. link 6 Tan T, Lei Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Song J, Zhang R. Exploring the relationship between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin use and respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: A retrospective study. Medicine 2025. link 7 Leon-Astudillo C, Dy FJ, McCown MY, Perez IA, Chhabra D, Bansal M et al.. ATS core curriculum 2023. Pediatric pulmonary medicine: Respiratory disorders in infants. Pediatric pulmonology 2024. link 8 Vaziri S, Neemuchwala F, Lim J, Chan M. Development and Implementation of a Pediatric Pulmonary-Focused Active Learning Curriculum. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources 2024. link 9 Stowell JD, Sun Y, Gause EL, Spangler KR, Schwartz J, Bernstein A et al.. Warm season ambient ozone and children's health in the USA. International journal of epidemiology 2024. link 10 Auten RL, Ryan RM. 2020 year in review: Neonatal pulmonology. Pediatric pulmonology 2021. link 11 van den Bosch OFC, Alvarez-Jimenez R, de Grooth HJ, Girbes ARJ, Loer SA. Breathing variability-implications for anaesthesiology and intensive care. Critical care (London, England) 2021. link 12 Gower WA, Birnkrant DJ, Black JB, Noah TL. Pediatric Pulmonology Year in Review 2018: Rare lung disease, neuromuscular disease, and diagnostic testing. Pediatric pulmonology 2019. link 13 Gower WA, Birnkrant DJ, Black JB, Nicolai T, Noah TL. Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2017: Part 1. Pediatric pulmonology 2018. link 14 Auten R, Ren C, Yilmaz O, Noah TL. Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2016: Part 2. Pediatric pulmonology 2017. link 15 Birnkrant DJ, Black JB, Tapia IE, Nicolai T, Gower WA, Noah TL. Pediatric Pulmonology year in review 2016: Part 1. Pediatric pulmonology 2017. link 16 Musseau D. Mouth Breathing and Some of Its Consequences. International journal of orthodontics (Milwaukee, Wis.) 2016. link 17 Noah TL, Yilmaz O, Nicolai T, Birnkrant D, Praud JP. Pediatric Pulmonology year in review 2014: Part 1. Pediatric pulmonology 2015. link 18 Stausmire JM. Interdisciplinary development of an adult intubation procedural checklist. Family medicine 2011. link 19 Vasanawala SS, Jackson E. A method of rapid robust respiratory synchronization for MRI. Pediatric radiology 2010. link 20 Schmidt H, Stasche N, Keller A, Hörmann K. Tracheobronchoscopy and esophagoscopy in current ear-nose-throat practice: an update. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2010. link 21 Kaplan A, Mayo PH. Echocardiography performed by the pulmonary/critical care medicine physician. Chest 2009. link 22 Pott LM, Santrock D. Teaching without a teacher: developing competence with a Bullard laryngoscope using only a structured self-learning course and practicing on a mannequin. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2007. link 23 Whitehead N. Herbal remedies: integration into conventional medicine. Nursing times 2003. link 24 Hadfield PJ, Lloyd-Faulconbridge RV, Almeyda J, Albert DM, Bailey CM. The changing indications for paediatric tracheostomy. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2003. link00282-3) 25 Wood RE. The emerging role of flexible bronchoscopy in pediatrics. Clinics in chest medicine 2001. link70045-9) 26 . Georgia software firm integrates physician management tools. Data strategies & benchmarks : the monthly advisory for health care executives 2001. link 27 Plummer JL, Owen H. Learning endotracheal intubation in a clinical skills learning center: a quantitative study. Anesthesia and analgesia 2001. link 28 Cohen S, Pine H, Drake A. Use of rigid and flexible bronchoscopy among pediatric otolaryngologists. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery 2001. link 29 Helmers RA, Sanderson DR. Rigid bronchoscopy. The forgotten art. Clinics in chest medicine 1995. link 30 Grohs HK. The interventional cytopathologist. A new clinician/pathologist hybrid. American journal of clinical pathology 1988. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      From Inception to Innovation: Journey of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics-National Respiratory Chapter (IAP-NRC). — Rawat SS, Nagabhushana S, Modi NP Indian pediatrics (2026)
    2. [2]
      Respiratory Disorders Associated with Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A Combined Analysis of the French and the WHO Pharmacovigilance Databases. — Mirleau V, Hlavaty A, Jutant EM, Hennegrave F, Bihan K, Freppel R et al. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (2026)
    3. [3]
      Integrating novel interventional techniques into pediatric pulmonology training. — Schramm D Pediatric pulmonology (2025)
    4. [4]
      How does air quality affect the health of children and adolescents? — Chong-Neto HJ, Filho NAR Jornal de pediatria (2025)
    5. [5]
      Crowded housing, indoor environment and children's respiratory, allergic and general health in Sweden: a cross-sectional study. — Eiffener E, Murekatete R, Merritt AS, Georgelis A, Fahlén Zelander C, Al-Nahar L et al. BMJ open (2025)
    6. [6]
      Exploring the relationship between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin use and respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: A retrospective study. — Tan T, Lei Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Song J, Zhang R Medicine (2025)
    7. [7]
      ATS core curriculum 2023. Pediatric pulmonary medicine: Respiratory disorders in infants. — Leon-Astudillo C, Dy FJ, McCown MY, Perez IA, Chhabra D, Bansal M et al. Pediatric pulmonology (2024)
    8. [8]
      Development and Implementation of a Pediatric Pulmonary-Focused Active Learning Curriculum. — Vaziri S, Neemuchwala F, Lim J, Chan M MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources (2024)
    9. [9]
      Warm season ambient ozone and children's health in the USA. — Stowell JD, Sun Y, Gause EL, Spangler KR, Schwartz J, Bernstein A et al. International journal of epidemiology (2024)
    10. [10]
      2020 year in review: Neonatal pulmonology. — Auten RL, Ryan RM Pediatric pulmonology (2021)
    11. [11]
      Breathing variability-implications for anaesthesiology and intensive care. — van den Bosch OFC, Alvarez-Jimenez R, de Grooth HJ, Girbes ARJ, Loer SA Critical care (London, England) (2021)
    12. [12]
      Pediatric Pulmonology Year in Review 2018: Rare lung disease, neuromuscular disease, and diagnostic testing. — Gower WA, Birnkrant DJ, Black JB, Noah TL Pediatric pulmonology (2019)
    13. [13]
      Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2017: Part 1. — Gower WA, Birnkrant DJ, Black JB, Nicolai T, Noah TL Pediatric pulmonology (2018)
    14. [14]
      Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2016: Part 2. — Auten R, Ren C, Yilmaz O, Noah TL Pediatric pulmonology (2017)
    15. [15]
      Pediatric Pulmonology year in review 2016: Part 1. — Birnkrant DJ, Black JB, Tapia IE, Nicolai T, Gower WA, Noah TL Pediatric pulmonology (2017)
    16. [16]
      Mouth Breathing and Some of Its Consequences. — Musseau D International journal of orthodontics (Milwaukee, Wis.) (2016)
    17. [17]
      Pediatric Pulmonology year in review 2014: Part 1. — Noah TL, Yilmaz O, Nicolai T, Birnkrant D, Praud JP Pediatric pulmonology (2015)
    18. [18]
      Interdisciplinary development of an adult intubation procedural checklist. — Stausmire JM Family medicine (2011)
    19. [19]
      A method of rapid robust respiratory synchronization for MRI. — Vasanawala SS, Jackson E Pediatric radiology (2010)
    20. [20]
      Tracheobronchoscopy and esophagoscopy in current ear-nose-throat practice: an update. — Schmidt H, Stasche N, Keller A, Hörmann K European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2010)
    21. [21]
      Echocardiography performed by the pulmonary/critical care medicine physician. — Kaplan A, Mayo PH Chest (2009)
    22. [22]
      Teaching without a teacher: developing competence with a Bullard laryngoscope using only a structured self-learning course and practicing on a mannequin. — Pott LM, Santrock D Journal of clinical anesthesia (2007)
    23. [23]
      Herbal remedies: integration into conventional medicine. — Whitehead N Nursing times (2003)
    24. [24]
      The changing indications for paediatric tracheostomy. — Hadfield PJ, Lloyd-Faulconbridge RV, Almeyda J, Albert DM, Bailey CM International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2003)
    25. [25]
      The emerging role of flexible bronchoscopy in pediatrics. — Wood RE Clinics in chest medicine (2001)
    26. [26]
      Georgia software firm integrates physician management tools. Data strategies & benchmarks : the monthly advisory for health care executives (2001)
    27. [27]
      Learning endotracheal intubation in a clinical skills learning center: a quantitative study. — Plummer JL, Owen H Anesthesia and analgesia (2001)
    28. [28]
      Use of rigid and flexible bronchoscopy among pediatric otolaryngologists. — Cohen S, Pine H, Drake A Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery (2001)
    29. [29]
      Rigid bronchoscopy. The forgotten art. — Helmers RA, Sanderson DR Clinics in chest medicine (1995)
    30. [30]
      The interventional cytopathologist. A new clinician/pathologist hybrid. — Grohs HK American journal of clinical pathology (1988)
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