Overview
Anxiety disorders encompass a range of conditions characterized by excessive fear, worry, or anxiety that interferes with daily functioning. These disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and specific phobias. 42443Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 173 indexed papers.
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The western journal of emergency medicine 2025. link 10 Ye G, Ding L, Zhou Q. Remimazolam's clinical application and safety: A signal detection analysis based on FAERS data and literature support. PloS one 2025. link 11 Fang C, Xu X, Li J, Zhong Y, Dai W, Wen J et al.. A real-world pharmacovigilance study of lorazepam based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database. Scientific reports 2025. link 12 Wu W, Huang L, Yang F. Social anxiety and problematic social media use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addictive behaviors 2024. link 13 Han K, Wang JY, Wang PY, Peng YC. Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD) in anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry research 2024. link 14 Salari N, Heidarian P, Hassanabadi M, Babajani F, Abdoli N, Aminian M et al.. Global Prevalence of Social Anxiety Disorder in Children, Adolescents and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of prevention (2022) 2024. link 15 Hendriks GJ, Janssen N, Robertson L, van Balkom AJ, van Zelst WH, Wolfe S et al.. Cognitive behavioural therapy and third-wave approaches for anxiety and related disorders in older people. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024. link 16 Akıncı MA, Uzun N, Alp H. Evaluation of subclinical cardiovascular risk in drug-naive pediatric patients with anxiety disorders. International journal of psychiatry in medicine 2024. link 17 Asakura S, Yoshinaga N, Yamada H, Fujii Y, Mitsui N, Kanai Y et al.. Japanese Society of Anxiety and Related Disorders/Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology: Clinical practice guideline for social anxiety disorder (2021). Neuropsychopharmacology reports 2023. link 18 Lunn J, Greene D, Callaghan T, Egan SJ. Associations between perfectionism and symptoms of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression in young people: a meta-analysis. Cognitive behaviour therapy 2023. link 19 Martínez-Calderon J, Casuso-Holgado MJ, Muñoz-Fernandez MJ, Garcia-Muñoz C, Heredia-Rizo AM. Yoga-based interventions may reduce anxiety symptoms in anxiety disorders and depression symptoms in depressive disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. British journal of sports medicine 2023. link 20 Brumariu LE, Waslin SM, Gastelle M, Kochendorfer LB, Kerns KA. Anxiety, academic achievement, and academic self-concept: Meta-analytic syntheses of their relations across developmental periods. Development and psychopathology 2023. link 21 Melkam M, Segon T, Nakie G. Social phobia of Ethiopian students: meta-analysis and systematic review. Systematic reviews 2023. link 22 Rosenberg K. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction a Viable Option for Treatment of Anxiety. The American journal of nursing 2023. link 23 Hrynyk N, Peel JK, Grace D, Lajoie J, Ng-Kamstra J, Kuper A et al.. Queer(ing) medical spaces: queer theory as a framework for transformative social change in anesthesiology and critical care medicine. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie 2023. link 24 Hammack Johnson A, Conley B, Koruthu S, Smith A. Pediatric Preanesthesia Anxiety and Factors of Family Satisfaction. Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses 2023. link 25 Kazemi F, Babri S, Keyhanmehr P, Farid-Habibi M, Rad SN, Farajdokht F. Maternal vitamin D supplementation and treadmill exercise attenuated vitamin D deficiency-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors in adult male offspring rats. Nutritional neuroscience 2023. link 26 Mangione CM, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, Cabana M, Coker TR, Davidson KW et al.. Screening for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 2022. link 27 Cheng YC, Su MI, Liu CW, Huang YC, Huang WL. Heart rate variability in patients with anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2022. link 28 Sabzwari SR. Anxiety Disorders: Flying Under the Radar of Mental Health. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2022. link 29 Campos-Outcalt D. Whom to screen for anxiety and depression: Updated USPSTF recommendations. The Journal of family practice 2022. link 30 Amici P, Tavormina G. Emergency, Fear, Worry and Intolerance of Emotion. Psychiatria Danubina 2022. link 31 Lebrun-Harris LA, Ghandour RM, Kogan MD, Warren MD. Five-Year Trends in US Children's Health and Well-being, 2016-2020. JAMA pediatrics 2022. link 32 Al Anouti F, Grant WB, Thomas J, AlBlooshi S, Karras S. Associations between Dietary Intake of Vitamin D, Sun Exposure, and Generalized Anxiety among College Women. Nutrients 2022. link 33 Quagliato LA, de Matos U, Nardi AE. Maternal immune activation generates anxiety in offspring: A translational meta-analysis. Translational psychiatry 2021. link 34 Haller H, Breilmann P, Schröter M, Dobos G, Cramer H. A systematic review and meta-analysis of acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions for DSM-5 anxiety disorders. Scientific reports 2021. link 35 Hohls JK, König HH, Quirke E, Hajek A. Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life-A Systematic Review of Evidence from Longitudinal Observational Studies. International journal of environmental research and public health 2021. link 36 Liu X, Yi P, Ma L, Liu W, Deng W, Yang X et al.. Mindfulness-based interventions for social anxiety disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry research 2021. link 37 Jadambaa A, Brain D, Pacella R, Thomas HJ, McCarthy M, Scott JG et al.. The Economic Cost of Child and Adolescent Bullying in Australia. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2021. link 38 Pearcey S, Gordon K, Chakrabarti B, Dodd H, Halldorsson B, Creswell C. Research Review: The relationship between social anxiety and social cognition in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines 2021. link 39 Kemper AR, Letostak TB, Hostutler CA, Stephenson KG, Butter EM. Screening for Anxiety in Pediatric Primary Care: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2021. link 40 Huebinger RM, Hussain R, Tupchong K, Walia S, Fairbrother H, Rogg J. Survey-based Evaluation of Resident and Attending Financial Literacy. The western journal of emergency medicine 2021. link 41 Vanhee T, Lachiri F, Van Den Steen E, Bottenberg P, Vanden Abbeele A. Child behaviour during dental care under nitrous oxide sedation: a cohort study using two different gas distribution systems. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2021. link 42 Nanda A. Physician wellness in allergy and immunology: Personal resiliency. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 2021. link 43 Walter HJ, Bukstein OG, Abright AR, Keable H, Ramtekkar U, Ripperger-Suhler J et al.. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Anxiety Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2020. link 44 Gregory KD, Chelmow D, Nelson HD, Van Niel MS, Conry JA, Garcia F et al.. Screening for Anxiety in Adolescent and Adult Women: A Recommendation From the Women's Preventive Services Initiative. Annals of internal medicine 2020. link 45 Reardon T, Harvey K, Creswell C. Seeking and accessing professional support for child anxiety in a community sample. European child & adolescent psychiatry 2020. link 46 McGuire P, Castelli G. PURL: Antidepressant Tx for anxiety disorders: How long?. The Journal of family practice 2019. link 47 Bushnell GA, Crystal S, Olfson M. Prescription Benzodiazepine Use in Privately Insured U.S. Children and Adolescents. American journal of preventive medicine 2019. link 48 Dark T, Rust G, Flynn HA, Kinsell H, Harman JS. Sociodemographic Influences of Emergency Department Care for Anxiety Disorders. The journal of behavioral health services & research 2018. link 49 Arnold J, Tango J, Walker I, Waranch C, McKamie J, Poonja Z et al.. An Evidence-based, Longitudinal Curriculum for Resident Physician Wellness: The 2017 Resident Wellness Consensus Summit. The western journal of emergency medicine 2018. link 50 Cheng DR, Elia S, Perrett KP. Immunizations under sedation at a paediatric hospital in Melbourne, Australia from 2012-2016. Vaccine 2018. link 51 Bertilsson M, Maeland S, Löve J, Ahlborg G, Werner EL, Hensing G. The capacity to work puzzle: a qualitative study of physicians' assessments for patients with common mental disorders. BMC family practice 2018. link 52 Michopoulos V. Enhancing cognitive behavioral therapy: Is the finish line in sight?. Science translational medicine 2017. link 53 Winkel AF, Hughes F, Blank SV. Nonreassuring Status: Improving Obstetrician-Gynecologist Wellness. Obstetrics and gynecology 2017. link 54 Hulatt I. Can I tell you a secret?'. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) 2016. link 55 Adogwa O, Elsamadicy AA, Cheng J, Bagley C. Pretreatment of Anxiety Before Cervical Spine Surgery Improves Clinical Outcomes: A Prospective, Single-Institution Experience. World neurosurgery 2016. link 56 Bénard-Laribière A, Noize P, Pambrun E, Bazin F, Verdoux H, Tournier M et al.. Comorbidities and concurrent medications increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions: prevalence in French benzodiazepine users. European journal of clinical pharmacology 2016. link 57 Lim L, Chan HN, Chew PH, Chua SM, Ho C, Kwek SK et al.. Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Anxiety Disorders. Singapore medical journal 2015. link 58 Niles AN, Dour HJ, Stanton AL, Roy-Byrne PP, Stein MB, Sullivan G et al.. Anxiety and depressive symptoms and medical illness among adults with anxiety disorders. Journal of psychosomatic research 2015. link 59 Brodrick A. Too afraid to push: dealing with fear of childbirth. The practising midwife 2014. link 60 Yokoi Y, Misal M, Oh E, Bellantoni M, Rosenberg PB. Benzodiazepine discontinuation and patient outcome in a chronic geriatric medical/psychiatric unit: a retrospective chart review. Geriatrics & gerontology international 2014. link 61 Wang LJ, Chen YC, Chen CK, Chou WJ, Chou MC. Trends in anxiolytic-hypnotic use and polypharmacy in Taiwan, 2002-2009: a nationwide, population-based survey. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) 2014. link 62 Kelmanson IA. High anxiety in clinically healthy patients and increased QT dispersion: a meta-analysis. European journal of preventive cardiology 2014. link 63 Hermans EJ, Henckens MJ, Roelofs K, Fernández G. Fear bradycardia and activation of the human periaqueductal grey. NeuroImage 2013. link 64 Seldenrijk A, van Hout HP, van Marwijk HW, de Groot E, Gort J, Rustemeijer C et al.. Sensitivity to depression or anxiety and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Journal of affective disorders 2013. link 65 Bandelow B, Sher L, Bunevicius R, Hollander E, Kasper S, Zohar J et al.. Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice 2012. link 66 Levy R, Prasad S. PURLs: patient overusing antianxiety meds? Say so (in a letter). The Journal of family practice 2012. link 67 Kakinuma A, Nagatani H, Otake H, Mizuno J, Nakata Y. The effects of short interactive animation video information on preanesthetic anxiety, knowledge, and interview time: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesia and analgesia 2011. link 68 Bandyopadhyay S, Ganguli B, Chatterjee A. A review of multivariate longitudinal data analysis. Statistical methods in medical research 2011. link 69 Hicks D, Cummings T, Epstein SA. An approach to the patient with anxiety. The Medical clinics of North America 2010. link 70 Rapee RM, Coplan RJ. Conceptual relations between anxiety disorder and fearful temperament. New directions for child and adolescent development 2010. link 71 Lahti J, Räikkönen K, Pesonen AK, Heinonen K, Kajantie E, Forsén T et al.. Prenatal growth, postnatal growth and trait anxiety in late adulthood - the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica 2010. link 72 Falk Dahl CA, Dahl AA. Lifestyle and social network in individuals with high level of social phobia/anxiety symptoms: a community-based study. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 2010. link 73 Davies SJ, Esler M, Nutt DJ. Anxiety--bridging the heart/mind divide. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) 2010. link 74 Crowell-Davis SL. Understanding behavior: generalized anxiety disorder. Compendium (Yardley, PA) 2009. link 75 Lisetti C, Pozzo E, Lucas M, Hernandez F, Silverman W, Kurtines B et al.. Second life, bio-sensors, and exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Studies in health technology and informatics 2009. link 76 Alvarenga JM, Loyola Filho AI, Firmo JO, Lima-Costa MF, Uchoa E. A population based study on health conditions associated with the use of benzodiazepines among older adults (The Bambuí Health and Aging Study). Cadernos de saude publica 2009. link 77 Starcevic V. Anxiety disorders no more?. Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2008. link 78 Coleman VH, Carter MM, Morgan MA, Schulkin J. United States obstetrician-gynecologists' accuracy in the simulation of diagnosing anxiety disorders and depression during pregnancy. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology 2008. link 79 Coleman VH, Carter MM, Morgan MA, Schulkin J. Obstetrician-gynecologists' screening patterns for anxiety during pregnancy. Depression and anxiety 2008. link 80 Lu DP, Lu GP, Lu WI. Anxiety control of dental patients by clinical combination of acupuncture, Bi-Digital O-Ring Test, and eye movement desensitization with sedation via submucosal route. Acupuncture & electro-therapeutics research 2007. link 81 Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Papageorgiou C, Tsetsekou E, Soldatos C, Stefanadis C. Anxiety in relation to inflammation and coagulation markers, among healthy adults: the ATTICA study. Atherosclerosis 2006. link 82 York MW. Comment on perceptual defense in anxiety disorders. Perceptual and motor skills 2005. link 83 Summers L, McCartney M. Liability concerns: a view from the American College of Nurse-Midwives. Journal of midwifery & women's health 2005. link 84 Clark TP, Tofler IR, Lardon MT. The sport psychiatrist and golf. Clinics in sports medicine 2005. link 85 Averley PA, Lane I, Sykes J, Girdler NM, Steen N, Bond S. An RCT pilot study to test the effects of intravenous midazolam as a conscious sedation technique for anxious children requiring dental treatment--an alternative to general anaesthesia. British dental journal 2004. link 86 Schulze J, Raasch W, Siegers CP. Toxicity of kava pyrones, drug safety and precautions--a case study. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 2003. link 87 McLaughlin T, Geissler EC, Wan GJ. Comorbidities and associated treatment charges in patients with anxiety disorders. Pharmacotherapy 2003. link 88 Härter MC, Conway KP, Merikangas KR. Associations between anxiety disorders and physical illness. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 2003. link 89 Coté CJ, Cohen IT, Suresh S, Rabb M, Rose JB, Weldon BC et al.. A comparison of three doses of a commercially prepared oral midazolam syrup in children. Anesthesia and analgesia 2002. link 90 McElroy JF, Ward KA, Zeller KL, Jones KW, Gilligan PJ, He L et al.. The CRF(1) receptor antagonist DMP696 produces anxiolytic effects and inhibits the stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation without sedation or ataxia in rats. Psychopharmacology 2002. link 91 Pillay AL, Edwards SD, Sargent C, Dhlomo RM. Anxiety among university students in South Africa. Psychological reports 2001. link 92 Antai-Otong D. The neurobiology of anxiety disorders: implications for psychiatric nursing practice. Issues in mental health nursing 2000. link 93 Tanaka M, Sato M, Saito A, Nishikawa T. Reevaluation of rectal ketamine premedication in children: comparison with rectal midazolam. Anesthesiology 2000. link 94 Gross C, Santarelli L, Brunner D, Zhuang X, Hen R. Altered fear circuits in 5-HT(1A) receptor KO mice. Biological psychiatry 2000. link01041-6) 95 Strahan EY, Conger AJ. Social anxiety and social performance: why don't we see more catastrophes?. Journal of anxiety disorders 1999. link00006-7) 96 Anagnostaras SG, Craske MG, Fanselow MS. Anxiety: at the intersection of genes and experience. Nature neuroscience 1999. link 97 Lehmacher W, Wassmer G. Adaptive sample size calculations in group sequential trials. Biometrics 1999. link 98 Saxen MA, Newton CW. Managing the endodontic patient with disabling anxiety or phobia. Journal (Indiana Dental Association) 1999. link 99 Kirby M, Denihan A, Bruce I, Radic A, Coakley D, Lawlor BA. Benzodiazepine use among the elderly in the community. 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