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Anaphylactoid glomerulonephritis

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Anaphylactoid glomerulonephritis is a hypersensitivity reaction characterized by acute kidney injury, often triggered by exogenous antigens or certain medications, leading to immune complex deposition and glomerular inflammation 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical presentation includes acute kidney injury, hematuria, proteinuria, and sometimes systemic symptoms like fever 1.
  • Laboratory findings typically reveal elevated serum creatinine, hematuria, and granular deposits on renal biopsy consistent with immune complex formation 1.
  • Renal biopsy is crucial for definitive diagnosis, showing characteristic histopathological features 1.

    • Management

  • First-line treatments: Immediate discontinuation of the offending agent, supportive care including fluid resuscitation, and monitoring of vital signs 1.
  • Adjunctive treatments: Corticosteroids (dose varies; consult nephrology guidelines) to reduce inflammation 1.
  • Anaphylactoid reaction management: Administration of epinephrine for cardiovascular collapse, antihistamines, and possibly corticosteroids 1.

    • Special Populations

  • Comorbidities: No specific guidance provided for comorbidities; management should focus on addressing both conditions 1.
  • Koebner phenomenon: Noted in association with skin manifestations like those seen in anaphylactoid purpura, suggesting careful monitoring for cutaneous reactions 2.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Discontinue the causative agent immediately upon suspicion of anaphylactoid reaction 1 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Initiate supportive care including fluid resuscitation and cardiovascular monitoring 1 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Consider corticosteroid therapy to manage inflammation, though specific dosing should follow nephrology guidelines 1 (Evidence: Moderate).

    • References

    1 Leach SR. Cardiovascular collapse following infusion of 5% albumin. AANA journal 1991. link 2 Green ST, Natarajan S. The Koebner phenomenon in anaphylactoid purpura. Cutis 1986. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Cardiovascular collapse following infusion of 5% albumin. — Leach SR AANA journal (1991)
    2. [2]
      The Koebner phenomenon in anaphylactoid purpura. — Green ST, Natarajan S Cutis (1986)
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