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Urology230 papers

Postoperative urinary tract infection

Last edited: 4/17/2026

Overview

Postoperative urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections that occur in the urinary tract following surgical procedures, often impacting patients' recovery and increasing morbidity and healthcare costs.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical signs include fever, dysuria, increased urinary frequency, and suprapubic pain 30.
  • Positive urine culture with pathogenic bacteria 30.
  • Leukocyte esterase and nitrites on urinalysis may be indicative 30.
  • Imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound) may be used to rule out structural complications 30.
  • Management

  • First-line treatment: Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting common postoperative pathogens (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) 30.
  • Adjustment based on culture results: Narrow-spectrum antibiotics once pathogen identified 30.
  • Supportive care: Hydration, pain management, and monitoring for complications 30.
  • Prophylactic measures: Consideration of prophylactic antibiotics in high-risk surgeries (evidence varies 25) 30.
  • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Practice patterns for antibiotic use vary among pediatric urologists; standardized guidelines recommended 60.
  • Elderly: Increased risk due to comorbidities; tailored antibiotic therapy and close monitoring advised 30.
  • Comorbidities: Patients with diabetes or immunosuppression require more vigilant monitoring and potentially longer antibiotic courses 30.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy should be initiated promptly in suspected postoperative UTIs (Evidence: Moderate 30).
  • Adjust antibiotic therapy based on culture and sensitivity results to avoid resistance (Evidence: Moderate 30).
  • Supportive care measures including hydration and pain management are essential alongside antibiotic treatment (Evidence: Expert opinion 30).
  • Consider prophylactic antibiotics in high-risk surgical procedures, though evidence varies (Evidence: Weak 25).
  • Monitor closely in special populations such as the elderly and those with comorbidities for complications and treatment efficacy (Evidence: Expert opinion 30).
  • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 131 indexed papers.

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Applying a Process Improvement Approach to Optimize Operating Room Turnover in Urology. Urology 2025. link 7 Lanzotti NJ, Lemack GE, Jones A, Thrasher JB, Gonzalez CM. The Use of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination With a Standardized Patient Actor to Assess Professionalism and Communication for the Oral Certifying Examination: The Initial Experience of the American Board of Urology. Urology practice 2025. link 8 Grutman AJ. Voices of change: experiences of early women urology residents - a single institution qualitative research study. BMC medical education 2025. link 9 Mercedes R, Lehman E, Kerley P, Hall C, Englert S, Connelly D et al.. Association Between Resident In-Service Exam Scores by Postgraduate Year and Subsequent Board Qualifying Exam. Urology practice 2025. link 10 Uysal U, Alma E, Altunkol A, Anıl H, Özbilen MH, Tugrul S et al.. Inpatient urology consultations: intervention rates, determinant factors, and findings related to the refugee population. World journal of urology 2025. link 11 Tozsin A, Ahmed K, Soytürk S, Pradere B, Dasgupta P, Sönmez MG et al.. Achieving sustainability in urology: a consensus study by the European association of urology (EAU) section office. World journal of urology 2025. link 12 Prabahara Sundar P, Garcia JL, Iding N, Cannon S. Support for the Struggling Learner in Urology. Current urology reports 2025. link 13 Murray G, Vasdev RMS, Ellythy L, He T, Sethi A, Cooper M et al.. Gender Authorship Among Urology Artificial Intelligence Publications: A 10-Year Retrospective Analysis. Urology 2025. link 14 Basile G, Gallioli A, Diana P, Gallagher A, Larcher A, Graefen M et al.. Current Standards for Training in Robot-assisted Surgery and Endourology: A Systematic Review. European urology 2024. link 15 Xu R, Hayes LC, Cai PY, Meers A, Tulley K, Antonelli RC et al.. Characterizing psychosocial services in a pediatric urology practice. Journal of pediatric urology 2024. link 16 Wanderling C, Saxton A, Phan D, Sheppard L, Schuler N, Ghazi A. Recent Advances in Surgical Simulation For Resident Education. Current urology reports 2023. link 17 Passarelli N, Munshi F, Golijanin B, Ortiz R, Tanzer J, Thavaseelan S et al.. Highlighting Gender Differences in RLS: Analysis of Gender in Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgical Volume in Urology Vs Other Subspecialties. Urology 2023. link 18 Ballesta Martinez B, Kallidonis P, Tsaturyan A, Peteinaris A, Faitatziadis S, Gkeka K et al.. Transfer of acquired practical skills from dry lab into live surgery using the avatera robotic system: An experimental study. Actas urologicas espanolas 2023. link 19 Peters CE, Lee J, Holt SK, Wolff E, Gore JL, Seideman CA. Attitudes Among Society of Women in Urology Members Toward Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. Urology 2023. link 20 Kim JE, Khizir L, Srivastava A, Tabakin AL, Singer EA. Survey of Informed Consent Procedures in Urology: Disclosing Resident Participation to Patients. The Journal of clinical ethics 2023. link 21 Kim JE, Kim IE, J Lee J, J Salvatore R, Khizir L, Lee R et al.. Characteristics of Medical Schools in the United States Associated With Successful Match into Urology Residency Programs: Analysis of the 2016-2021 Urology Resident Cohort. Urology 2023. link 22 Carpinito GP, Badia RR, Khouri RK, Ganesan V, Kenigsberg AP, Hudak SJ et al.. Preference Signaling and Virtual Interviews: The New Urology Residency Match. Urology 2023. link 23 Wierzbicka A, Krakos M, Wilczek P, Bociaga D. A comprehensive review on hydrogel materials in urology: Problems, methods, and new opportunities. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials 2023. link 24 Simhal RK, Shah YB, Wang KR, Martin J, Shah S, Wright A et al.. Gender Diversity in Urology Residency Program Leadership Is Associated With Gender Diversity in Residency Cohort. Urology 2023. link 25 Ganesh M, Handa N, Kielb S. Chemodenervation in Urology. The Urologic clinics of North America 2022. link 26 Zhang S, Wu QJ, Liu SX. A methodologic survey on use of the GRADE approach in evidence syntheses published in high-impact factor urology and nephrology journals. BMC medical research methodology 2022. link 27 Sandozi A, Lee J, Shpeen BH, Silver M, Buford KE, Polland A. Availability of Lactation Accommodation Information for Urology Residency Programs. Urology 2022. link 28 Bar-Sever Z, Shammas A, Gheisari F, Vali R. Pediatric Nephro-Urology: Overview and Updates in Diuretic Renal Scans and Renal Cortical Scintigraphy. Seminars in nuclear medicine 2022. link 29 Mohanty A, Lombardo AM, Judge C, Gundeti MS. Are there disparities in access to robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery among pediatric urology patients? US institutional experience. International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association 2022. link 30 Olumolade OO, Rollins PD, Daignault-Newton S, George BC, Kraft KH. Closing the Gap: Evaluation of Gender Disparities in Urology Resident Operative Autonomy and Performance. Journal of surgical education 2022. link 31 Jarosz K, Zborowska A, Młynarska A. Rationing Care, Job Satisfaction, Fatigue and the Level of Professional Burnout of Nurses in Urology Departments. International journal of environmental research and public health 2022. link 32 Shah N, Medairos R, Koduri S, Davis C. An Introduction to Cystoscopy for OB/GYN Residents. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources 2022. link 33 Cereghini J, Meo MM, Carminatti T, Sole M, Hosman R, Alfieri AG et al.. [Study on most common overnight urological service consultations.]. Archivos espanoles de urologia 2021. link 34 Boissier R, Long JA, Chiron P, Savoie PH. [Non-infectious emergencies of the lower urinary tract and genitals]. Progres en urologie : journal de l'Association francaise d'urologie et de la Societe francaise d'urologie 2021. link 35 Frumer M, Aharony SM, Shoshany O, Kedar D, Baniel J, Golan S. Trends in urological emergencies in the Era of COVID-19. International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology 2021. link 36 Bethel EC, Marchetti KA, Hecklinski TM, Daignault-Newton S, Kraft KH, Hamilton BD et al.. The LEGO™ Exercise: An Assessment of Core Competencies in Urology Residency Interviews. Journal of surgical education 2021. link 37 Ingram A, Bellows F, McKisson E, Kaufman L, Scimeca A, Diab D et al.. Implementation and Assessment of a Urology Education Curriculum for Nursing Residents. Journal of continuing education in nursing 2021. link 38 Pesigan P, Chen H, Bajaj AA, Gill HS. Cost Savings in Urology Operating Rooms by Editing Surgeon Preference Cards. Quality management in health care 2021. link 39 Cone EB, Westerman ME, Nguyen DD, Stern KL, Javier-Desloges J, Koo K. Gender-based Differences in Career Plans, Salary Expectations, and Business Preparedness Among Urology Residents. Urology 2021. link 40 Beulens AJW, Vaartjes L, Tilli S, Brinkman WM, Umari P, Puliatti S et al.. Structured robot-assisted surgery training curriculum for residents in Urology and impact on future surgical activity. Journal of robotic surgery 2021. link 41 Hancock J, Sui W, Alves P, Nerwich N, Hsi RS. Urological In-Flight Medical Events on Commercial Airlines. The Journal of urology 2020. link 42 Abbas TO, Ali TA, Uddin S. Urine as a Main Effector in Urological Tissue Engineering-A Double-Edged Sword. Cells 2020. link 43 Merrill SB, Sohl BS, Thompson RH, Reese AC, Parekh DJ, Lynch JH et al.. The Balance between Open and Robotic Training among Graduating Urology Residents-Does Surgical Technique Need Monitoring?. The Journal of urology 2020. link 44 McLeod K, Waller S, King D, Nestel D. Struggling urology trainee: a qualitative study into causes of underperformance. ANZ journal of surgery 2020. link 45 Smith B, Dasgupta P. 3D printing technology and its role in urological training. World journal of urology 2020. link 46 Bratt DG, Berridge C, Young M, Kailavasan M, Taylor J, Biyani CS. A simple novel training model for teaching suprapubic catheter (SPC) exchange. Actas urologicas espanolas 2020. link 47 Gan ZS, Wood CM, Hayon S, Deal A, Smith AB, Tan HJ et al.. Correlation of Relative Value Units With Surgical Complexity and Physician Workload in Urology. Urology 2020. link 48 Winkelman AJ, Beller HL, Morgan KE, Corbett ST, Leroy SV, Noona SW et al.. Benefits and barriers to pediatric tele-urology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of pediatric urology 2020. link 49 Lian F, Lu J, White MD, Kogan BA. Readability Metrics of Provider Postoperative Handouts in Urology. 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Consistencies and Discrepancies Between the Expectations of Urology Trainees and the Experience of Practicing Urologists. Urology 2019. link 55 Ali L, Ali S, Orakzai N, Ali N. Effectiveness of Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) in Postgraduate Training in Urology at Institute of Kidney Diseases, Peshawar. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2019. link 56 Bertolo R, Garisto J, Dagenais J, Sagalovich D, Kaouk JH. Single Session of Robotic Human Cadaver Training: The Immediate Impact on Urology Residents in a Teaching Hospital. Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A 2018. link 57 Vivier PH, Augdal TA, Avni FE, Bacchetta J, Beetz R, Bjerre AK et al.. Standardization of pediatric uroradiological terms: a multidisciplinary European glossary. Pediatric radiology 2018. link 58 Thompson RH, Lohse CM, Husmann DA, Leibovich BC, Gettman MT. Predictors of Scholarly Productivity, Pursuit of Fellowship, and Academic Practice Among Urology Residents Using Medical Student Application Materials. Urology 2018. link 59 Nettey OS, Fuchs JS, Kielb SJ, Schaeffer EM. Gender Representation in Urologic Subspecialties. Urology 2018. link 60 Kim JK, Chua ME, Ming JM, Braga LH, Smith GHH, Driver C et al.. Practice variation on use of antibiotics: An international survey among pediatric urologists. Journal of pediatric urology 2018. link 61 Mozafarpour S, Abbasioun R, Kajbafzadeh AM. The mobile technology era: Potential benefits in pediatric urology. Journal of pediatric urology 2017. link 62 Lavi A, Tzemah S, Hussein A, Bishara I, Shcherbakov N, Zelichenko G et al.. A urologic stethoscope? Urologist performed sonography using a pocket-size ultrasound device in the point-of-care setting. International urology and nephrology 2017. link 63 Vivier PH, Augdal TA, Avni FE, Bacchetta J, Beetz R, Bjerre AK et al.. 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