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Rheumatoid arthritis of shoulder

Last edited: 4/13/2026

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis affecting the shoulder primarily involves inflammatory changes that can lead to significant joint destruction, often necessitating surgical intervention such as reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) for functional restoration and pain relief.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion, particularly in external rotation 1234.
  • Imaging: X-rays showing joint space narrowing, erosions, and osteopenia; MRI or ultrasound for detailed soft tissue assessment 71520.
  • Laboratory Tests: Elevated inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP) may support the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis 17.

    • Management

  • Surgical Intervention: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is commonly indicated for severe rotator cuff deficiency and rheumatoid arthritis-related shoulder arthritis 261626.
  • Postoperative Immobilization: Shorter immobilization periods (e.g., 3 weeks) are being explored to reduce complications 2.
  • Soft Tissue Management: Techniques such as subscapularis repair and concomitant tendon transfers (e.g., latissimus dorsi) may influence outcomes 182225.
  • Physical Therapy: Essential for regaining range of motion and strength post-surgery 135.

    • Special Populations

  • Elderly Patients: rTSA shows promising outcomes in patients aged 60 years and younger, though long-term data are accumulating 1730.
  • Comorbidities: Conditions like diabetes, obesity, and depression can affect postoperative outcomes, necessitating careful patient selection and management 825.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Consider Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Severe Rotator Cuff Deficiency: Indicated for patients with significant functional impairment due to rheumatoid arthritis and rotator cuff tear arthropathy (Evidence: Strong 626).
  • Optimize Postoperative Immobilization Duration: Shorter immobilization periods (e.g., 3 weeks) may reduce complications compared to longer immobilization (Evidence: Moderate 2).
  • Evaluate Concomitant Soft Tissue Procedures: Subscapularis repair and tendon transfers should be considered based on preoperative deficits to optimize functional outcomes (Evidence: Moderate 1825).
  • Monitor for Specific Complications: Actively screen for nerve injuries and stress fractures of the acromion and scapular spine post-rTSA (Evidence: Moderate 1013).
  • Tailor Rehabilitation Programs: Individualized physical therapy programs are crucial for improving range of motion and strength post-surgery (Evidence: Expert opinion).

    • References

    1 Zeng L, Adili MM, Jiang K, Sun R. Inverted Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Traumatic Shoulder Arthritis. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2025. link 2 Torrens C, González-García C, Díez-Izquierdo M, Santana F. Three-week immobilization vs. no immobilization in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2025. link 3 Collin P, Nabergoj M, Ode G, Denard PJ, Gain S, Bothorel H et al.. Functional internal rotation is associated with subscapularis tendon healing and increased scapular tilt after Grammont style bony increased offset reverse shoulder arthroplasty with 155° humeral implant. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2025. link 4 Maxwell MJ, Glass EA, Bowler AR, Koechling Z, Lohre R, Diestel DR et al.. The effect of reverse shoulder arthroplasty design and surgical indications on deltoid and rotator cuff muscle length. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2025. link 5 Kim HM, Kim JJ. Conjoint tendon release results in improved internal rotation and pain following reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a combined randomized clinical trial and biomechanical study. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2025. link 6 Saad Berreta R, Villarreal-Espinosa JB, Harkin W, Rubin J, Lee C, Boden S et al.. Outcomes of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty After Failed Rotator Cuff Repair, Superior Capsular Reconstruction, and Tendon Transfer. The American journal of sports medicine 2025. link 7 Burrus MT, Werner BC, Menendez ME, Denard PJ. Evaluation of the Painful Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2023. link 8 Lee BG, Lee D, Koh JH. Relationship between the preoperative grip strength and postoperative shoulder strength of patients treated via reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2023. link 9 Roche CP, Flurin PH, Wright TW, Zuckerman JD. Comparison of Survivorship and Failure Modes Between Anatomic and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Across Multiple Government Joint Registries for a Single Platform Shoulder System. Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013) 2023. link 10 North D, Hones KM, Jenkins P, Sipavicius E, Zermeño Salinas JL, Hao KA et al.. How common is nerve injury after reverse shoulder arthroplasty? A systematic review. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2023. link 11 Ducharne L, Godenèche A, Nérot C, Aswad R, Garret J. Factors that affect external rotation following reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective multi-centre study on 501 shoulders. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2023. link 12 Wiater JM, Oshikoya O, Shields E, Vara AD, Cavinatto L, Koueiter DM. Concomitant latissimus dorsi tendon transfer during reverse total shoulder arthroplasty does not improve active external rotation or clinical outcomes in patients with external rotation deficit. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2023. link 13 Lohre R, Swanson DP, Mahendraraj KA, Elmallah R, Glass EA, Dunn WR et al.. Risk factors of acromial and scapular spine stress fractures differ by indication: a study by the ASES Complications of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Multicenter Research Group. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2023. link 14 Romero BA, Horneff JG. Soft Tissue Management in Shoulder Arthroplasty. The Orthopedic clinics of North America 2022. link 15 He JK, Huntley S, Arguello A, Adkison D, Larrison M, McGwin G et al.. Ultrasound assessment after a subscapularis-sparing approach to total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2022. link 16 Kazum E, Martinez-Catalan N, Caruso G, Schofield BA, Nidtahar I, Zampeli F et al.. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty with isolated latissimus dorsi or combined with teres major transfer for lack of external rotation: a comparative study. International orthopaedics 2022. link 17 Neel GB, Boettcher ML, Eichinger JK, Friedman RJ. Clinical and radiographic outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients 60 years of age and younger. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2022. link 18 Lachance AD, Peebles AM, McBride T, Eble SK, Provencher MT. Subscapularis repair techniques for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review. Journal of ISAKOS : joint disorders & orthopaedic sports medicine 2022. link 19 Garcia-Fernandez C, Lopiz Y, Arvinius C, Ponz V, Alcobía-Diaz B, Checa P et al.. Dislocation after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using contemporary medialized modular systems. Can we still consider it such a frequent complication?. European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie 2022. link 20 Goldman L, Walter W, Adler RS, Kaplan D, Burke CJ. Ultrasound of the symptomatic shoulder arthroplasty: Spectrum and prevalence of periarticular soft tissue pathology. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2021. link 21 Schoch BS, Vigan M, Roche CP, Parsons M, Wright TW, King JJ et al.. Deltoid fatigue: a longitudinal assessment of reverse shoulder arthroplasty over time. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2021. link 22 Wright MA, Abbasi P, Murthi AM. Biomechanical comparison of zoned-conformity glenoid versus standard glenoid in total shoulder arthroplasty: impact on rotator cuff strain and glenohumeral translation. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2021. link 23 Hung LW, Wu S, Lee A, Zhang AL, Feeley BT, Xiao W et al.. Teres minor muscle hypertrophy is a negative predictor of outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: an evaluation of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and postoperative implant position. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2021. link 24 Monir JG, Tams C, Wright TW, Parsons M, King JJ, Schoch BS. Preoperative factors associated with loss of range of motion after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2021. link 25 Kennedy J, Klifto CS, Ledbetter L, Bullock GS. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty clinical and patient-reported outcomes and complications stratified by preoperative diagnosis: a systematic review. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2021. link 26 Mahendraraj KA, Abboud J, Armstrong A, Austin L, Brolin T, Entezari V et al.. Predictors of acromial and scapular stress fracture after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a study by the ASES Complications of RSA Multicenter Research Group. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2021. link 27 Paclot J, Gasbarro G, Kirsch JM, Neyton L. Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty After Previous Pectoralis Major Transfer for Irreparable Subscapularis Tear: A Case Report. JBJS case connector 2020. link 28 Oh JH, Sharma N, Rhee SM, Park JH. Do individualized humeral retroversion and subscapularis repair affect the clinical outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty?. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2020. link 29 Jang YH, Kim DO, Kim SH. Effect of preoperative teres minor hypertrophy on reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2020. link 30 Vancolen SY, Elsawi R, Horner NS, Leroux T, Alolabi B, Khan M. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in the younger patient (≤65 years): a systematic review. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2020. link 31 Brorson S. Cuff tear arthropathy in the nineteenth century: 'chronic rheumatic arthritis' with 'partial luxation upwards' of the humeral head. International orthopaedics 2019. link 32 Franceschetti E, de Sanctis EG, Ranieri R, Palumbo A, Paciotti M, Franceschi F. The role of the subscapularis tendon in a lateralized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: repair versus nonrepair. International orthopaedics 2019. link 33 Rhee SM, Lee JD, Park YB, Yoo JC, Oh JH. Prognostic Radiological Factors Affecting Clinical Outcomes of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in the Korean Population. Clinics in orthopedic surgery 2019. link 34 Shields E, Wiater JM. Patient Outcomes After Revision of Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty to Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Rotator Cuff Failure or Component Loosening: A Matched Cohort Study. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2019. link 35 Ferrier A, Blasco L, Marcoin A, De Boissieu P, Siboni R, Nérot C et al.. Geometric modification of the humeral position after total reverse shoulder arthroplasty: what is the optimal lowering of the humerus?. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2018. link 36 Alentorn-Geli E, Wanderman NR, Assenmacher AT, Sánchez-Sotelo J, Cofield RH, Sperling JW. Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in Weight-Bearing Shoulders of Wheelchair-Dependent Patients: Outcomes and Complications at 2 to 5 years. PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation 2018. link 37 Inoue K, Suenaga N, Oizumi N, Yamaguchi H, Miyoshi N, Taniguchi N et al.. Humeral bone resorption after anatomic shoulder arthroplasty using an uncemented stem. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2017. link 38 Zingman A, Li H, Sundem L, DeHority B, Geary M, Fussel T et al.. Shoulder arthritis secondary to rotator cuff tear: A reproducible murine model and histopathologic scoring system. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 2017. link 39 Simovitch RW, Friedman RJ, Cheung EV, Flurin PH, Wright T, Zuckerman JD et al.. Rate of Improvement in Clinical Outcomes with Anatomic and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2017. link 40 Bacle G, Nové-Josserand L, Garaud P, Walch G. Long-Term Outcomes of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Follow-up of a Previous Study. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2017. link 41 Friedman RJ, Flurin PH, Wright TW, Zuckerman JD, Roche CP. Comparison of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes with and without subscapularis repair. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2017. link 42 Choi CH, Kim SG, Lee JJ, Kwack BH. Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Results according to Glenosphere Position in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Short-term Follow-up Study. Clinics in orthopedic surgery 2017. link 43 Kemp AL, King JJ, Farmer KW, Wright TW. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in wheelchair-dependent patients. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2016. link 44 Liu JN, Garcia GH, Mahony G, Wu HH, Dines DM, Warren RF et al.. Sports after shoulder arthroplasty: a comparative analysis of hemiarthroplasty and reverse total shoulder replacement. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2016. link 45 Sabesan V, Callanan M, Sharma V, Wiater JM. Assessment of scapular morphology and surgical technique as predictors of notching in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.) 2015. link 46 Levy O, Tsvieli O, Merchant J, Young L, Trimarchi A, Dattani R et al.. Surface replacement arthroplasty for glenohumeral arthropathy in patients aged younger than fifty years: results after a minimum ten-year follow-up. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2015. link 47 Flurin PH, Roche CP, Wright TW, Marczuk Y, Zuckerman JD. A Comparison and Correlation of Clinical Outcome Metrics in Anatomic and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013) 2015. link 48 Kiet TK, Feeley BT, Naimark M, Gajiu T, Hall SL, Chung TT et al.. Outcomes after shoulder replacement: comparison between reverse and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2015. link 49 Benčić I, Matejčić A, Dojčinović B, Ćuti T. Reverse shoulder prosthesis: implementation and experience in Croatia. Acta clinica Croatica 2014. link 50 Catley MJ, Tabor A, Wand BM, Moseley GL. Assessing tactile acuity in rheumatology and musculoskeletal medicine--how reliable are two-point discrimination tests at the neck, hand, back and foot?. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2013. link 51 Werner BS, Boehm D, Gohlke F. Revision to reverse shoulder arthroplasty with retention of the humeral component. Acta orthopaedica 2013. link 52 Ballas R, Béguin L. Results of a stemless reverse shoulder prosthesis at more than 58 months mean without loosening. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2013. link 53 Wellmann M, Struck M, Pastor MF, Gettmann A, Windhagen H, Smith T. Short and midterm results of reverse shoulder arthroplasty according to the preoperative etiology. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2013. link 54 Wand RJ, Dear KE, Bigsby E, Wand JS. A review of shoulder replacement surgery. Journal of perioperative practice 2012. link 55 Petscavage JM, Ha AS, Chew FS. Current concepts of shoulder arthroplasty for radiologists: Part 1--Epidemiology, history, preoperative imaging, and hemiarthroplasty. AJR. American journal of roentgenology 2012. link 56 Smith CD, Guyver P, Bunker TD. Indications for reverse shoulder replacement: a systematic review. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume 2012. link 57 Day JS, MacDonald DW, Olsen M, Getz C, Williams GR, Kurtz SM. Polyethylene wear in retrieved reverse total shoulder components. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2012. link 58 Hattrup SJ, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Sperling JW, Cofield RH. Reverse shoulder replacement for patients with inflammatory arthritis. The Journal of hand surgery 2012. link 59 Flury MP, Frey P, Goldhahn J, Schwyzer HK, Simmen BR. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty as a salvage procedure for failed conventional shoulder replacement due to cuff failure--midterm results. International orthopaedics 2011. link 60 Rees JL, Dawson J, Hand GC, Cooper C, Judge A, Price AJ et al.. The use of patient-reported outcome measures and patient satisfaction ratings to assess outcome in hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume 2010. link 61 Greiner SH, Back DA, Herrmann S, Perka C, Asbach P. Degenerative changes of the deltoid muscle have impact on clinical outcome after reversed total shoulder arthroplasty. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2010. link 62 Sanchez-Sotelo J. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) 2009. link 63 Elhassan B, Ozbaydar M, Higgins LD, Warner JJ. Glenoid reconstruction in revision shoulder arthroplasty. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2008. link 64 Zilber S, Radier C, Postel JM, Van Driessche S, Allain J, Goutallier D. Total shoulder arthroplasty using the superior approach: influence on glenoid loosening and superior migration in the long-term follow-up after Neer II prosthesis installation. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2008. link 65 Cheung EV, Sperling JW, Cofield RH. Reimplantation of a glenoid component following component removal and allogenic bone-grafting. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2007. link 66 Keller J, Bak S, Bigliani LU, Levine WN. Glenoid replacement in total shoulder arthroplasty. Orthopedics 2006. link 67 Pfahler M, Jena F, Neyton L, Sirveaux F, Molé D. Hemiarthroplasty versus total shoulder prosthesis: results of cemented glenoid components. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2006. link 68 Chin PY, Sperling JW, Cofield RH, Schleck C. Complications of total shoulder arthroplasty: are they fewer or different?. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2006. link 69 Boileau P, Watkinson D, Hatzidakis AM, Hovorka I. Neer Award 2005: The Grammont reverse shoulder prosthesis: results in cuff tear arthritis, fracture sequelae, and revision arthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2006. link 70 Thomas SR, Wilson AJ, Chambler A, Harding I, Thomas M. Outcome of Copeland surface replacement shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2005. link 71 Boehm TD, Wallace WA, Neumann L. Heterotopic ossification after primary shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2005. link 72 Boulahia A, Edwards TB, Walch G, Baratta RV. Early results of a reverse design prosthesis in the treatment of arthritis of the shoulder in elderly patients with a large rotator cuff tear. Orthopedics 2002. link 73 Cameron B, Galatz L, Williams GR. Factors affecting the outcome of total shoulder arthroplasty. American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.) 2001. link 74 DiGiovanni J, Marra G, Park JY, Bigliani LU. Hemiarthroplasty for glenohumeral arthritis with massive rotator cuff tears. The Orthopedic clinics of North America 1998. link70023-7) 75 Smith KL, Matsen FA. Total shoulder arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty. Current trends. The Orthopedic clinics of North America 1998. link70024-9) 76 Nicholson GP, Misamore GW. Rotator cuff insufficiency in the arthritic shoulder: treatment alternatives. Seminars in arthroplasty 1995. link 77 Wirth MA, Rockwood CA. Complications of shoulder arthroplasty. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 1994. link

    Original source

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      Inverted Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Traumatic Shoulder Arthritis. — Zeng L, Adili MM, Jiang K, Sun R Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2025)
    2. [2]
      Three-week immobilization vs. no immobilization in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. — Torrens C, González-García C, Díez-Izquierdo M, Santana F Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2025)
    3. [3]
      Functional internal rotation is associated with subscapularis tendon healing and increased scapular tilt after Grammont style bony increased offset reverse shoulder arthroplasty with 155° humeral implant. — Collin P, Nabergoj M, Ode G, Denard PJ, Gain S, Bothorel H et al. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2025)
    4. [4]
      The effect of reverse shoulder arthroplasty design and surgical indications on deltoid and rotator cuff muscle length. — Maxwell MJ, Glass EA, Bowler AR, Koechling Z, Lohre R, Diestel DR et al. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2025)
    5. [5]
      Conjoint tendon release results in improved internal rotation and pain following reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a combined randomized clinical trial and biomechanical study. — Kim HM, Kim JJ Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2025)
    6. [6]
      Outcomes of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty After Failed Rotator Cuff Repair, Superior Capsular Reconstruction, and Tendon Transfer. — Saad Berreta R, Villarreal-Espinosa JB, Harkin W, Rubin J, Lee C, Boden S et al. The American journal of sports medicine (2025)
    7. [7]
      Evaluation of the Painful Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. — Burrus MT, Werner BC, Menendez ME, Denard PJ The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2023)
    8. [8]
      Relationship between the preoperative grip strength and postoperative shoulder strength of patients treated via reverse shoulder arthroplasty. — Lee BG, Lee D, Koh JH Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2023)
    9. [9]
      Comparison of Survivorship and Failure Modes Between Anatomic and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Across Multiple Government Joint Registries for a Single Platform Shoulder System. — Roche CP, Flurin PH, Wright TW, Zuckerman JD Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013) (2023)
    10. [10]
      How common is nerve injury after reverse shoulder arthroplasty? A systematic review. — North D, Hones KM, Jenkins P, Sipavicius E, Zermeño Salinas JL, Hao KA et al. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2023)
    11. [11]
      Factors that affect external rotation following reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective multi-centre study on 501 shoulders. — Ducharne L, Godenèche A, Nérot C, Aswad R, Garret J Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery (2023)
    12. [12]
      Concomitant latissimus dorsi tendon transfer during reverse total shoulder arthroplasty does not improve active external rotation or clinical outcomes in patients with external rotation deficit. — Wiater JM, Oshikoya O, Shields E, Vara AD, Cavinatto L, Koueiter DM Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2023)
    13. [13]
      Risk factors of acromial and scapular spine stress fractures differ by indication: a study by the ASES Complications of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Multicenter Research Group. — Lohre R, Swanson DP, Mahendraraj KA, Elmallah R, Glass EA, Dunn WR et al. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2023)
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      Soft Tissue Management in Shoulder Arthroplasty. — Romero BA, Horneff JG The Orthopedic clinics of North America (2022)
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      Ultrasound assessment after a subscapularis-sparing approach to total shoulder arthroplasty. — He JK, Huntley S, Arguello A, Adkison D, Larrison M, McGwin G et al. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2022)
    16. [16]
      Reverse shoulder arthroplasty with isolated latissimus dorsi or combined with teres major transfer for lack of external rotation: a comparative study. — Kazum E, Martinez-Catalan N, Caruso G, Schofield BA, Nidtahar I, Zampeli F et al. International orthopaedics (2022)
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      Clinical and radiographic outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients 60 years of age and younger. — Neel GB, Boettcher ML, Eichinger JK, Friedman RJ Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2022)
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      Subscapularis repair techniques for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review. — Lachance AD, Peebles AM, McBride T, Eble SK, Provencher MT Journal of ISAKOS : joint disorders & orthopaedic sports medicine (2022)
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      Dislocation after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using contemporary medialized modular systems. Can we still consider it such a frequent complication? — Garcia-Fernandez C, Lopiz Y, Arvinius C, Ponz V, Alcobía-Diaz B, Checa P et al. European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie (2022)
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      Ultrasound of the symptomatic shoulder arthroplasty: Spectrum and prevalence of periarticular soft tissue pathology. — Goldman L, Walter W, Adler RS, Kaplan D, Burke CJ Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU (2021)
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      Deltoid fatigue: a longitudinal assessment of reverse shoulder arthroplasty over time. — Schoch BS, Vigan M, Roche CP, Parsons M, Wright TW, King JJ et al. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2021)
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      Biomechanical comparison of zoned-conformity glenoid versus standard glenoid in total shoulder arthroplasty: impact on rotator cuff strain and glenohumeral translation. — Wright MA, Abbasi P, Murthi AM Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2021)
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      Teres minor muscle hypertrophy is a negative predictor of outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: an evaluation of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and postoperative implant position. — Hung LW, Wu S, Lee A, Zhang AL, Feeley BT, Xiao W et al. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2021)
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      Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty clinical and patient-reported outcomes and complications stratified by preoperative diagnosis: a systematic review. — Kennedy J, Klifto CS, Ledbetter L, Bullock GS Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2021)
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      Predictors of acromial and scapular stress fracture after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a study by the ASES Complications of RSA Multicenter Research Group. — Mahendraraj KA, Abboud J, Armstrong A, Austin L, Brolin T, Entezari V et al. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2021)
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      Effect of preoperative teres minor hypertrophy on reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. — Jang YH, Kim DO, Kim SH Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2020)
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      Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in the younger patient (≤65 years): a systematic review. — Vancolen SY, Elsawi R, Horner NS, Leroux T, Alolabi B, Khan M Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2020)
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      Cuff tear arthropathy in the nineteenth century: 'chronic rheumatic arthritis' with 'partial luxation upwards' of the humeral head. — Brorson S International orthopaedics (2019)
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      The role of the subscapularis tendon in a lateralized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: repair versus nonrepair. — Franceschetti E, de Sanctis EG, Ranieri R, Palumbo A, Paciotti M, Franceschi F International orthopaedics (2019)
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      Patient Outcomes After Revision of Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty to Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Rotator Cuff Failure or Component Loosening: A Matched Cohort Study. — Shields E, Wiater JM The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2019)
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      Humeral bone resorption after anatomic shoulder arthroplasty using an uncemented stem. — Inoue K, Suenaga N, Oizumi N, Yamaguchi H, Miyoshi N, Taniguchi N et al. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2017)
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