Overview
Small intestine atresia and stenosis are congenital anomalies characterized by a partial or complete obstruction of the small intestine. These conditions typically present in the neonatal period with symptoms of bowel obstruction.Diagnosis
Diagnosis is often suspected prenatally via ultrasound, showing signs such as dilated bowel loops or polyhydramnios.
Postnatally, diagnosis is confirmed with abdominal radiography, which may reveal dilated loops of bowel proximal to the obstruction and a paucity of gas distally.
Contrast studies (e.g., upper GI series, small bowel follow-through, or contrast enema) can help delineate the level and type of atresia or stenosis 1.Management
Surgical correction is the primary treatment for small intestine atresia and stenosis.
The surgical approach may involve resection of the atretic segment and an anastomosis, or tapering and plication for stenosis 1.
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is increasingly being utilized, with ongoing development of simulation models for training 1.Special Populations
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in neonates and infants presents unique technical challenges 1.
Development of 3D-printed, animal-based, and hybrid simulation models shows promise for training in neonatal/infant MIS 1.
There is a need for structured, proficiency-based curricula for MIS training in this population 1.Key Recommendations
Validated, standardized simulation models and proficiency-based curricula are needed to optimize neonate and infant minimally invasive surgery training 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
Simulation in pediatric MIS training should be cost-effective and integrated into curricula 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
Future research should focus on improving the fidelity and accessibility of simulation models for neonatal/infant MIS 1. (Evidence: Moderate)References
1 Zahradníková P, Babala J, Lindák M, Pechanová R, Hnilicová S, Molnár M et al.. Systematic review of the training process of minimally invasive surgery in neonates and infants. Pediatric surgery international 2025. link