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Occupational Medicine46 papers

Corrosion of larynx, trachea and lung

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Corrosive injury to the larynx, trachea, and lungs typically results from exposure to caustic substances like trichlorethylene, leading to significant tissue damage and potential respiratory compromise 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Dysphonia, stridor, respiratory distress, and signs of airway obstruction 1.
  • Imaging: Chest X-ray and CT scans may reveal structural changes or complications such as stenosis or pneumonitis 1.
  • Endoscopy: Essential for visualizing mucosal damage and assessing the extent of injury 1.
  • Laboratory Tests: Urinalysis for metabolite detection (e.g., in cases of trichlorethylene exposure) 1.

    • Management

  • Airway Management: Immediate intubation or tracheostomy if airway obstruction is present 1.
  • Supportive Care: Mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation, and monitoring for complications 1.
  • Surgical Intervention: For severe stenosis or necrosis requiring reconstructive surgery 1.
  • Antibiotics: Prophylactic or therapeutic use based on risk of infection 1.
  • Rehabilitation: Speech therapy and respiratory rehabilitation post-recovery 1.

    • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Limited data; prioritize maternal airway safety with cautious surgical interventions 1.
  • Pediatrics: Increased vulnerability to airway injury; meticulous monitoring and early intervention crucial 1.
  • Elderly: Higher risk of complications; individualized care plans addressing comorbidities 1.
  • Comorbidities: Existing respiratory conditions may exacerbate injury; tailored management strategies required 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Immediate Airway Assessment and Intervention: Prioritize securing the airway in cases of suspected corrosive injury 1 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Use of Endoscopy for Diagnosis: Essential for evaluating the extent of mucosal damage 1 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Supportive Care Including Mechanical Ventilation: Critical for managing respiratory failure 1 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • Consider Surgical Options for Severe Cases: Indicated for significant stenosis or necrosis 1 (Evidence: Expert opinion).

    • References

    1 Smith GF. Trichlorethylene: a review. British journal of industrial medicine 1966. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Trichlorethylene: a review. — Smith GF British journal of industrial medicine (1966)
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