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Neurology1001 papers

Progressive aphasia

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Progressive aphasia refers to a neurodegenerative condition characterized by gradual worsening of language abilities, including speech, comprehension, reading, and writing, often due to underlying neurodegenerative diseases like primary progressive aphasia (PPA) 2644.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Gradual decline in language abilities disproportionate to other cognitive functions 2.
  • Neuropsychological Testing: Use of standardized assessments like the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) to evaluate severity and type of aphasia 15.
  • Imaging: MRI or CT scans to identify structural brain changes indicative of neurodegenerative processes 13.
  • Differential Diagnosis: Rule out other causes of language impairment such as stroke, depression, or medication side effects 15.
  • Management

  • Speech and Language Therapy: Intensive, comprehensive therapy tailored to individual needs, focusing on both expressive and receptive language skills 1544.
  • Technology-Enhanced Interventions: Utilization of virtual reality, machine learning systems, and telerehabilitation for assessment and treatment 32249.
  • Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as an adjuvant to traditional therapy, though efficacy varies 750.
  • Behavioral and Psychosocial Support: Incorporation of counseling, communication partner training, and psychosocial interventions to address emotional and social aspects 1837.
  • Special Populations

  • Elderly: High-frequency speech therapy recommended, considering cognitive load and comorbidities 1544.
  • Comorbidities: Tailor therapy to account for coexisting conditions like depression or anxiety, integrating psychosocial support 3744.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Implement intensive, individualized speech and language therapy to address progressive language deficits (Evidence: Strong 1544).
  • Incorporate technology-assisted interventions, such as virtual reality and telerehabilitation, to enhance treatment accessibility and efficacy (Evidence: Moderate 32249).
  • Consider adjunctive non-invasive brain stimulation techniques like tDCS under controlled conditions, acknowledging variable efficacy (Evidence: Moderate 750).
  • Provide comprehensive psychosocial support, including communication partner training and counseling, to manage emotional and social impacts (Evidence: Moderate 1837).
  • Regularly assess and adapt therapy plans based on neuropsychological testing outcomes to monitor progress and adjust interventions (Evidence: Moderate 15).
  • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 634 indexed papers.

    1 Leaman MC, Edmonds LA, Oleson JJ, Williams KN. Improving Language in Individual Conversation-Level Therapy: Group and Individual Results of ECoLoGiC Treatment for People With Moderate and Severe Aphasia. American journal of speech-language pathology 2026. link 2 Ingvild W, Mia H, Elise K, Anna V. Addressing Future Changes in Communication Using Hypothetical Scenarios With People With Primary Progressive Aphasia and Care Partners: A Conversation Analytic Study. International journal of language & communication disorders 2026. link 3 Vaitheeshwari R, Kao CC, Wu RX, Chen CC, Tsai PY, Yeh SC et al.. Virtual Speech Therapy Room: A Machine Learning-Based Neuro-Behavior Sensing Virtual Reality System for Aphasia Assessment and Treatment Through Multimodal Fusion. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2026. link 4 Quique YM, Larkin E, Cavanaugh R, Heinemann AW, Cherney LR. Using Open-Source Software to Help Spanish Speakers With Aphasia Learn Everyday Sentences: A Single-Case Experimental Design. American journal of speech-language pathology 2026. link 5 Monnelly K, Marshall J, Dipper L, Cruice M. A Provisional Theory of Change and Basic Logic Model for Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Programs. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 2026. link 6 Schaffer Mendez K, Evans WS, Dutcher CD, Philburn C, Wauters LD, Young MM et al.. "Doing the Best I Can": Qualitative Outcomes and Participant Feedback From a Combined Communication and Counselling Treatment for Primary Progressive Aphasia. International journal of language & communication disorders 2026. link 7 Wang H, Wang Y, Dong J, Li Y, Tian S, Xing J et al.. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Naming Disorders in Poststroke Aphasia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 2026. link 8 Laks AB, DeMarco AT, Hurwitz SS, Turkeltaub PE. Rapid Lexical Retrieval and Executive Functioning in Very Mild Aphasia. American journal of speech-language pathology 2026. link 9 Zhang Y, Behroozmand R. Effects of attentional instructions on neural and behavioral correlates of vocal auditory feedback control in post-stroke aphasia. NeuroImage 2026. link 10 Lemmetyinen S, Hokkanen L, Vehviläinen V, Klippi A. Recovery of gestures for persons with severe non-fluent aphasia and limb apraxia: A long-term follow-up study. Applied neuropsychology. Adult 2026. link 11 Haley KL, Richardson JD, Harmon TG, Turkeltaub P, Jacks A. Phonemic simplification in apraxia of speech and aphasia with phonemic paraphasia. Clinical linguistics & phonetics 2026. link 12 Cheung CY, Kong AP. Enhancing oscillatory dysfunctome in aphasia: Phase-dependent network effects of connectomic transcranial alternating current stimulation. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 2026. link 13 Turkeltaub PE, Martin KC, Laks AB, DeMarco AT. Right hemisphere language network plasticity in aphasia. Brain : a journal of neurology 2026. link 14 Washington PN, Arnett S, Myers EB, Mozeiko J. Word Learning in Aphasia: Does Time of Day Matter?. American journal of speech-language pathology 2026. link 15 Pagliarin KC, Rocha PL, Costa JPCD, Ortiz KZ. Are brief batteries able to identify aphasia in elderly people? A study with the ABLA Battery. CoDAS 2026. link 16 Braun EJ, Castro N, Warner L. Phonological Treatment for Anomia: A Scoping Review. American journal of speech-language pathology 2025. link 17 Spigarelli M, Macoir J. Effectiveness of sensorimotor therapy on action naming in post-stroke aphasia: a systematic review. Disability and rehabilitation 2025. link 18 Palmer R, Hilari K, Magdalani C, Coster J, Beeke S, Gibbs E et al.. Aphasia partnership training: What outcomes do people with aphasia, family members and speech and language therapists expect?. International journal of language & communication disorders 2025. link 19 Imaezue GC, Goral M. Effect of feedback type and self-selected practice schedule on speech fluency during aphasia script treatment. Journal of communication disorders 2025. link 20 Feng T, Zhang C, Chen W, Zhou J, Chen L, Wang L et al.. Resting-state connectivity enhancement in Aphasia patients post-speech therapy: a localization model. Brain imaging and behavior 2025. link 21 Banco E, Diana L, Casati C, Tesio L, Vallar G, Bolognini N. Rehabilitation of post-stroke aphasia by a single protocol targeting phonological, lexical, and semantic deficits with speech output tasks: a randomized controlled trial. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine 2025. link 22 Rysop AU, Schiwek R, Grewe T, Breitenstein C, Binkofski F, Roheger M et al.. Participatory Development of a Speech-Language Telerehabilitation Intervention Combined With Home-Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Qualitative Study. American journal of speech-language pathology 2025. link 23 Riley EA, Rembrandt H, Fortin J, Voleti R. Maximizing Generalization of Combined Treatment for Mild Aphasia and Apraxia: Evidence From Three Case Studies. American journal of speech-language pathology 2025. link 24 Zhang Y, Sun C, Xie S, Wu Z, Li J, Chen C et al.. Minimal important change for the aphasia quotient of the Chinese Western Aphasia Battery. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine 2025. link 25 Koshimori Y, Akkunje PS, Tjiandri E, Kowaleski JB, Thaut MH. Music-based interventions for nonfluent aphasia: A systematic review of randomized control trials. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2025. link 26 Volkmer A, Hausmann A, Paplikar A, Battista P, Jokel R. Group interventions for people with primary progressive aphasia and their care partners: Considerations for clinical practice. Neuropsychological rehabilitation 2025. link 27 Lomi F, Simonelli I, Cappa S, Pasqualetti P, Rossi S. Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Primary Progressive Aphasia with and Without Concomitant Speech and Language Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychology review 2025. link 28 Schwen Blackett D, Kristinsson S, Walker G, Sayers S, Gibson M, Wilmskoetter J et al.. A Comparison of Item Acquisition and Response Generalization for Semantic Versus Phonological Treatment of Aphasia. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 2025. link 29 Jewell CC, Diedrichs VA, Blackett DS, Durfee AZ, Harnish SM. Comparative Effectiveness of In-Person and Virtual Picture-Naming Treatment for Poststroke Anomia. American journal of speech-language pathology 2025. link 30 Twardochleb Z, Szczepańska M, Miś MM, Miś M, Druszcz A, Paprocka-Borowicz M et al.. tDCS and Speech Therapy in Aphasia Treatment: A Multicenter Comparative Study of Efficacy. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 2025. link 31 Adjei-Nicol S, Sacchett C, Beeke S. Evaluating the effect of a non-linguistic cognitive intervention on functional communication in global aphasia: A case series study. International journal of language & communication disorders 2025. link 32 Grasso SM, Berstis K, Schaffer Mendez K, Keegan-Rodewald WR, Wauters LD, Europa E et al.. Investigating changes in connected speech in nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia following script training. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior 2025. link 33 Gauch M, Spelter B, Geschke K, Köb AL, Tüscher O, Heinrich I et al.. Influence of Speech and Language Therapy on Quality of Life in People With Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Scoping Review. International journal of language & communication disorders 2025. link 34 Brinkman R, Neijenhuis K, Cardol M, Leget C. Who am I now? A scoping review on identity changes in post-stroke aphasia. Disability and rehabilitation 2025. link 35 Wilmskoetter J, Blackwood K, Kristinsson S, Walker G, Fridriksson J, Blackett DS et al.. Naming practice effects and inconsistencies relate to treatment outcome in people with aphasia. Neuropsychologia 2025. link 36 Bontemps M, Servières-Bordes M, Moritz-Gasser S. Combining executive function training and anomia therapy in chronic post-stroke aphasia: A preliminary study of multidimensional effects. International journal of speech-language pathology 2025. link 37 Schwen Blackett D, Grubaugh AL, Sydlowski D, Acierno R, Pompon RH, Woodbury ML et al.. Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes of Speech-Language Pathologist-Administered Behavioral Activation: A Psychosocial Intervention for People With Aphasia. American journal of speech-language pathology 2025. link 38 Valinejad V, Mehri A, Khatoonabadi A, Darzi A, Barbieri E, Shekari E et al.. Treatment of verb tense inflection and sentence production in Persian individuals with agrammatism. Applied neuropsychology. Adult 2025. link 39 Haluts N, Levy D, Friedmann N. Bimodal aphasia and dysgraphia: Phonological output buffer aphasia and orthographic output buffer dysgraphia in spoken and sign language. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior 2025. link 40 Azios JH, Lee JB, Sigur A, Archer B, Elman RJ. Online Aphasia Groups: Navigating Issues of Voice and Identity. American journal of speech-language pathology 2024. link 41 May S, Mühlensiepen F, Plotho L, Darkow R. (no title). BMJ open 2024. link 42 Manning MX, Cleary C, McCaughey C. How do speech and language therapists enact aphasia psychosocial support in Ireland? A cross-sectional online survey informed by normalization process theory. International journal of language & communication disorders 2024. link 43 Datta H, Wood LL, Alimonti S, Pugliese D, Butkiewicz H, Jannello F et al.. Community responses to persons with aphasia participating in CoActive therapeutic theatre: A pilot study. International journal of language & communication disorders 2024. link 44 Hilari K, Roper A, Northcott S, Behn N. Telehealth practice in aphasia: A survey of UK speech and language therapists, with a focus on assessment. International journal of language & communication disorders 2024. link 45 Wauters LD, Croot K, Dial HR, Duffy JR, Grasso SM, Kim E et al.. Behavioral Treatment for Speech and Language in Primary Progressive Aphasia and Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychology review 2024. link 46 Kershenbaum AM, Galassi M, Shattuck-Hufnagel S, Bachan S, Zipse L. The Effect of Prosodic Timing Structure on Unison Production in People With Aphasia. American journal of speech-language pathology 2024. link 47 Imaezue GC, Tchernichovski O, Goral M. Self-Improved Language Production in Nonfluent Aphasia Through Automated Recursive Self-Feedback. American journal of speech-language pathology 2024. link 48 Trebilcock M, Shrubsole K, Worrall L, Ryan B. Pilot trial of the online implementation intervention . International journal of speech-language pathology 2024. link 49 Cao Y, Fan C, Li G, Huang J, Zhang J. A computer-aid speech rehabilitation system with mirrored video generating. Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine 2024. link 50 Raymer AM, Johnson RK. Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as an Adjuvant to Aphasia Treatment Following Stroke: Evidence From Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. American journal of speech-language pathology 2024. link 51 Francisco V, Louis F, Billot M, Le Bourvellec M, Decatoire A, David R et al.. The value of action observation in speech and language rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 2024. link 52 Montagut N, Borrego-Écija S, Herrero J, Castellví M, Balasa M, Lladó A et al.. Effects of Modified Video-Implemented Script Training for Aphasia in the Three Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 2024. link 53 Masson-Trottier M, Marcotte K, Rochon E, Leonard C, Ansaldo AI. Effectiveness of French Phonological Components Analysis in individuals with chronic aphasia. International journal of language & communication disorders 2024. link 54 Watanabe M, Cartwright J, Pierce JE. Positive effects of speech and language therapy group interventions in primary progressive aphasia: A systematic review. International journal of language & communication disorders 2024. link 55 Gallée J, Tilton-Bolowsky VE, Stark BC. The Communication Success Screener: A Preliminary Investigation of Perceived Communicative Success Across Modalities, Environments, and Demands. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 2024. link 56 Thumbeck SM, Schmid P, Chesneau S, Domahs F. Efficacy of reading strategies on text-level reading comprehension in people with post-stroke chronic aphasia: A repeated measures study. International journal of language & communication disorders 2024. link 57 Adikari A, Hernandez N, Alahakoon D, Rose ML, Pierce JE. From concept to practice: a scoping review of the application of AI to aphasia diagnosis and management. Disability and rehabilitation 2024. link 58 Kim J, Sookram G, Godecke E, Brogan E, Armstrong E, Ellery F et al.. Economic evaluation of the Very Early Rehabilitation in SpEech (VERSE) intervention. Topics in stroke rehabilitation 2024. link 59 Kallhoff L, Moua PT, Salomon D, Wambaugh J. The Outcomes of Remote Administration of Combined Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech Treatment: A Single-Subject Experimental Design Study. American journal of speech-language pathology 2023. link 60 Borrego-Écija S, Montagut N, Martín-Trias P, Vaqué-Alcázar L, Illán-Gala I, Balasa M et al.. Multifocal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Primary Progressive Aphasia Does Not Provide a Clinical Benefit Over Speech Therapy. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2023. link 61 Hounslow R, Rohde A, Finch E. What is the usage of the Brisbane Evidence Based Language Test in clinical practice?: A speech language therapy survey. International journal of language & communication disorders 2023. link 62 Ruiz-Mambrilla M, Dueñas-Ruiz A, Pérez-Castrillón JL, Usategui-Martín I, Dueñas-Laita A. Speech therapy and hyperbaric oxygen for aphasia after carbon monoxide intoxication. Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc 2023. link 63 Nikkels A, Berns P, Neijenhuis K. Communication partner training for SLT students: Changes in communication skills, knowledge and confidence. Journal of communication disorders 2023. link 64 Hinckley J, Sanchez L. Treatment Time and Treatment Selection in Aphasia: A Preliminary Study Using Vignettes. American journal of speech-language pathology 2023. link 65 Karidas S, Hinckley JJ, Brekher I. Replication in Evidence-Based Aphasia Treatments. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 2023. link 66 Yaşa İC, Maviş İ, Şalçini C, Midi İ. Comparing the efficiency of speech and language therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating Broca's aphasia. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2023. link 67 Higashi S, Koshibe Y, Miyazaki T, Watanabe R, Nakanome H, Inoue T et al.. Feasibility study of Internet video-based speech-language activity for outpatients with primary progressive aphasia. PloS one 2023. link 68 Marchina S, Norton A, Schlaug G. Effects of melodic intonation therapy in patients with chronic nonfluent aphasia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2023. link 69 Jimenez Forero SJ, Palmer R. The impact of participation in research for speech and language therapy departments and their patients: A case example of the Big CACTUS multicentre trial of self-managed computerized aphasia therapy. International journal of language & communication disorders 2023. link 70 Loizidou M, Brotherhood E, Harding E, Crutch S, Warren JD, Hardy CJD et al.. 'Like going into a chocolate shop, blindfolded': What do people with primary progressive aphasia want from speech and language therapy?. International journal of language & communication disorders 2023. link 71 Kristinsson S, Basilakos A, den Ouden DB, Cassarly C, Spell LA, Bonilha L et al.. Predicting Outcomes of Language Rehabilitation: Prognostic Factors for Immediate and Long-Term Outcomes After Aphasia Therapy. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 2023. link 72 Barberis M, Vandermosten M. The role of education, concept knowledge, work setting and clinical experience in communication partner training: A survey of Flemish speech and language therapists. International journal of language & communication disorders 2023. link 73 Monnelly K, Marshall J, Dipper L, Cruice M. Intensive and comprehensive aphasia therapy-a survey of the definitions, practices and views of speech and language therapists in the United Kingdom. International journal of language & communication disorders 2023. link 74 Battista P, Piccininni M, Montembeault M, Messina A, Minafra B, Miller BL et al.. Access, referral, service provision and management of individuals with primary progressive aphasia: A survey of speech-language therapists in Italy. International journal of language & communication disorders 2023. link 75 Mellahn K, Larkman C, Lakhani A, Siyambalapitiya S, Rose ML. The nature of inpatient rehabilitation for people with aphasia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds: a scoping review. Topics in stroke rehabilitation 2023. link 76 Choinski M, Szelag E, Wolak T, Szymaszek A. Neuropsychological correlates of P300 parameters in individuals with aphasia. International journal of language & communication disorders 2023. link 77 Lerman A, Goral M, Obler LK. Rehabilitating an attrited language in a bilingual person with aphasia. Clinical linguistics & phonetics 2023. link 78 Ashaie SA, Engel S, Cherney LR. Test-retest reliability of heart-rate variability metrics in individuals with aphasia. Neuropsychological rehabilitation 2023. link 79 Barbieri E, Thompson CK, Higgins J, Caplan D, Kiran S, Rapp B et al.. Treatment-induced neural reorganization in aphasia is language-domain specific: Evidence from a large-scale fMRI study. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior 2023. link 80 Wallace SJ, Isaacs M, Ali M, Brady MC. Establishing reporting standards for participant characteristics in post-stroke aphasia research: An international e-Delphi exercise and consensus meeting. Clinical rehabilitation 2023. link 81 Jacobs M, Briley PM, Wright HH, Ellis C. Marginal assessment of the cost and benefits of aphasia treatment: Evidence from community-based telerehabilitation treatment for aphasia. Journal of telemedicine and telecare 2023. link 82 Stockbridge MD. Better language through chemistry: Augmenting speech-language therapy with pharmacotherapy in the treatment of aphasia. Handbook of clinical neurology 2022. link 83 Doedens WJ, Meteyard L. What is Functional Communication? A Theoretical Framework for Real-World Communication Applied to Aphasia Rehabilitation. Neuropsychology review 2022. link 84 Monnelly K, Marshall J, Cruice M. Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Programmes: a systematic scoping review and analysis using the TIDieR checklist for reporting interventions. Disability and rehabilitation 2022. link 85 Ashaie SA, Engel S, Cherney LR. Timing of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with speech and language therapy (SLT) for aphasia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022. link 86 Menahemi-Falkov M, Breitenstein C, Pierce JE, Hill AJ, O'Halloran R, Rose ML. A systematic review of maintenance following intensive therapy programs in chronic post-stroke aphasia: importance of individual response analysis. Disability and rehabilitation 2022. link 87 Burke J, Palmer R, Harrison M. What are the factors that may influence the implementation of self-managed computer therapy for people with long term aphasia following stroke? A qualitative study of speech and language therapists' experiences in the Big CACTUS trial. Disability and rehabilitation 2022. link 88 Jacobs M, Ellis C. Understanding the Economics of Aphasia: Recent Findings from Speech and Language Research. Seminars in speech and language 2022. link 89 Boyle M, Gordon JK, Harnish SM, Kiran S, Martin N, Rose ML et al.. Evaluating Cognitive-Linguistic Approaches to Interventions for Aphasia Within the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 2022. link 90 Preetha UM, Perumal RC. Quality of Communication Life (QoCL) In Persons with Expressive Aphasia With And Without Communication Intervention - A Comparative Study. Neurology India 2022. link 91 Herath HMDPM, Weraniyagoda WASA, Rajapaksha RTM, Wijesekara PADSN, Sudheera KLK, Chong PHJ. Automatic Assessment of Aphasic Speech Sensed by Audio Sensors for Classification into Aphasia Severity Levels to Recommend Speech Therapies. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2022. link 92 Popescu T, Stahl B, Wiernik BM, Haiduk F, Zemanek M, Helm H et al.. Melodic Intonation Therapy for aphasia: A multi-level meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and individual participant data. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2022. link 93 Johnson L, Yourganov G, Basilakos A, Newman-Norlund RD, Thors H, Keator L et al.. Functional Connectivity and Speech Entrainment Speech Entrainment Improves Connectivity Between Anterior and Posterior Cortical Speech Areas in Non-fluent Aphasia. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair 2022. link 94 Godecke E, Brogan E, Ciccone N, Rose ML, Armstrong E, Whitworth A et al.. Treatment fidelity monitoring, reporting and findings in a complex aphasia intervention trial: a substudy of the Very Early Rehabilitation in SpEech (VERSE) trial. Trials 2022. link 95 Harvey S, Carragher M, Dickey MW, Pierce JE, Rose ML. Dose effects in behavioural treatment of post-stroke aphasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Disability and rehabilitation 2022. link 96 Thiel L, Conroy P. 'I think writing is everything': An exploration of the writing experiences of people with aphasia. International journal of language & communication disorders 2022. link 97 Shrubsole K, Rogers K, Power E. Sustaining acute speech-language therapists' implementation of recommended aphasia practices: A mixed methods follow-up evaluation of a cluster RCT. International journal of language & communication disorders 2022. link 98 van Rijssen MN, Veldkamp M, Bryon E, Remijn L, Visser-Meily JMA, Gerrits E et al.. How do healthcare professionals experience communication with people with aphasia and what content should communication partner training entail?. Disability and rehabilitation 2022. link 99 . Dosage, Intensity, and Frequency of Language Therapy for Aphasia: A Systematic Review-Based, Individual Participant Data Network Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2022. link 100 Nichol L, Wallace SJ, Pitt R, Rodriguez AD, Hill AJ. Communication partner perspectives of aphasia self-management and the role of technology: an in-depth qualitative exploration. Disability and rehabilitation 2022. link

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