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Occupational Medicine4181 papers

Occupational dystonia

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Occupational dystonia refers to involuntary muscle contractions causing repetitive movements or abnormal postures in workers due to repetitive tasks or ergonomic stressors in their job environment. It often affects specific muscle groups and can significantly impair job performance and quality of life 2730.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical presentation of involuntary muscle contractions leading to repetitive movements or abnormal postures
  • History of repetitive tasks or ergonomic stressors at work 27
  • Neurological examination to rule out other movement disorders
  • Imaging (MRI) to exclude structural abnormalities 27
  • Electromyography (EMG) to assess muscle activity and detect dystonic patterns 27
  • Management

  • Ergonomic modifications and job redesign to reduce repetitive strain 27
  • Physical therapy focusing on stretching, strengthening, and posture correction 27
  • Botulinum toxin injections for localized dystonia to alleviate symptoms 27
  • Oral medications such as anticholinergics (e.g., trihexyphenidyl) or muscle relaxants (e.g., baclofen) for symptom management 27
  • Psychological support and counseling to address stress and coping mechanisms 27
  • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Limited data; focus on ergonomic adjustments and conservative management 27
  • Pediatrics: Not typically reported; early intervention with ergonomic adjustments and physical therapy recommended if identified 27
  • Elderly: Increased susceptibility to complications; multidisciplinary approach including physical therapy and medication management advised 27
  • Comorbidities: Consideration of additional health conditions in treatment planning; tailored interventions to address multiple health needs 27
  • Key Recommendations

  • Implement ergonomic assessments and workplace modifications to prevent occupational dystonia (Evidence: Moderate 27)
  • Incorporate physical therapy and botulinum toxin injections as first-line treatments for symptomatic relief (Evidence: Moderate 27)
  • Provide psychological support alongside medical interventions to address stress and improve coping strategies (Evidence: Moderate 27)
  • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 1053 indexed papers.

    1 Tamirisa KP, Al-Khatib SM, Acosta JCZ, Ellenbogen KA, Ernst S, Graham TP et al.. Occupational hazards in cardiac electrophysiology: Insights from an HRS member survey. Heart rhythm 2026. link 2 Herrero-Salas B, Sanz-Valero J. Noncommunicable Diseases and Nutrition Disorders in Occupational Health. Nutrients 2026. link 3 Reinoso-Barbero L, Fernández Álvarez-Rementeria A, Castillo-Sabogal AC, Muñoz-Dueñas P, Gómez-Paredes L, Pérez-Herreras C et al.. Satisfaction Survey of Occupational Medicine Residents During an External Rotation in the Medical Services of a Multinational Banking Company in Madrid, Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2026. link 4 Schwatka NV, Goering M, Brown C, Jaramillo D, Tenney L, Villarreal Hernandez K et al.. A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Total Worker Health® Training Transfer in México. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2026. link 5 Chaudhry ZS, Choudhury A. US Occupational Medicine Clinicians' Perceptions and Practices With Respect to Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models: A Mixed-Methods Investigation. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2026. link 6 Orhan Pees S, van Oostrom SH, Schaafsma FG, Proper KI. Effects of a peer coaching intervention for occupational physicians on time allocated to preventive tasks: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Occupational and environmental medicine 2026. link 7 Drolet AA, Lecours A, Bellehumeur-Béchamp L. Assessing integrative prevention at work: A scoping review. Work (Reading, Mass.) 2026. link 8 Van Eerd D, Robson L, Yanar B, Irvin E, Le Pouésard M, Rafiqzad H. Early Occupational Health and Safety Interventions for Small Businesses: An Environmental Scan. American journal of industrial medicine 2026. link 9 Szcześniewska S, Zaręba K, Zgliczyński WS, Ciebiera M, Feduniw S. Occupational burnout among obstetrics and gynaecology residents: a systematic review. Frontiers in public health 2025. link 10 Ziomek MJ, Gaweł B, Sawczuk H, Kukuła P, Marschollek J, Fidorowicz D et al.. Occupational burnout among interventional radiologists - prevalence, risk factors and interventions. Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 2025. link 11 Hartmann KK, Solak AM, Średniawa MM, Michalik M. Supervision and occupational burnout among Polish speech therapists. Scientific reports 2025. link 12 Meintjes WAJ. Occupational Medicine considerations during medical assessments for fitness to dive and for compressed air work. Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc 2025. link 13 Imperato PJ. A Pioneer in Occupational Medicine and Safety: P. J. Imperato, M.D. (1894-1969). Journal of community health 2025. link 14 Darbakk C, Graff P, Olsen R. Field comparison of inhalable air samplers for the determination of occupational exposure to inhalable aerosols and soluble proteins in food production. Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene 2025. link 15 Lamouroux C, Julien C, Rolland F, Gouy E, Truong LN, Frajerman A et al.. What do medical students, residents and graduated physicians think about occupational physicians? A cross-national survey on stereotypes. Occupational and environmental medicine 2025. link 16 Larrosa M, Iguacel I, Bazas T, Braeckman L, Bulat P, Eglite M et al.. Systematic review on occupational medicine training in European medical schools. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 2025. link 17 Sharip A, Papanek PJ, Conlon C, Gean CJ, Khan A, Harrison R et al.. WOEMA Position Paper and Call-to-Action: California Needs More Physicians Specializing in Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM). Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2025. link 18 Durand-Moreau Q, Baillargeon M, Durand-Hémery ML, Patry L, Spilchuk V, Adisesh A. How are psychosocial risks taught to Canadian occupational medicine residents?. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 2025. link 19 Orhan Pees S, van Oostrom S, Schaafsma F, Proper K. Occupational Physicians' Behavioral Determinants Regarding Prevention and the Association With Time Allocated to Preventive Tasks. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2025. link 20 Khan A, Berenji M, Cloeren M, Goldman R, Wheat S, Ogunseitan O et al.. The Imperative to Incorporate Climate Change Competencies into Occupational and Environmental Medicine Training to Safeguard Worker Health. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2025. link 21 Orhan Pees S, van Oostrom SH, Schaafsma FG, Proper KI. A mixed methods process evaluation of the implementation of a peer coaching intervention to improve the execution of preventive tasks by occupational physicians. BMC health services research 2025. link 22 Banerjee S, Goswami K. An analysis of occupational illness and injuries of the industrial workers in slums. International journal of injury control and safety promotion 2025. link 23 Cordes MF, Bronstein ED, Sanchez ML, Krahl PL. Forklift Operator Medical Certification Examinations: A Case Study in the Need for Ongoing Occupational Health Data Analysis. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2025. link 24 Milkovich PJ, McCue L, Hirabayashi L, Sandi Espejo AE, Maben L, Sorensen JA. Navigating the "Valley of Death": A Brief Report on How Incubators Can Nurture Transition of Research to Practice to Benefit Worker Wellbeing. Journal of agromedicine 2025. link 25 Premji S, Begum M, Laila K. Claim Suppression of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Among Precariously Employed Immigrant Workers in Ontario. New solutions : a journal of environmental and occupational health policy : NS 2025. link 26 Lai J, Li X, Liu W, Liufu Q, Zhong C. Global, regional and national burdens of occupational injuries, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention 2025. link 27 Wurzelbacher SJ, Krieg EF, Meyers AR, Bushnell PT, Van Nguyen N, Tseng CY. Evaluating Injury and Illness Trends in Federal and Postal Service Employees Using Workers' Compensation Claims Data 2007-2022. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2025. link 28 Tadee A, Le A, Neitzel RL. Investigating hazard exposures and safety dynamics among researchers in academic settings: Insights from a large-scale survey study. Journal of safety research 2025. link 29 Margerison CE, Joachim GE, Michling TR, Johnson CY. Platform-Mediated Gig Work and Health: A Scoping Review. American journal of industrial medicine 2025. link 30 Kongsvik T, Størkersen K, Thorvaldsen T, Holen S. Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Work Safety for Contractors in Norwegian Fish Farming. Journal of agromedicine 2025. link 31 Febrina Maharani C, Casteel C, Rohlman D, Afifi R, Baker K, Fethke N. Practical and acceptable OSH programs for SMBs in food and bag manufacturing in Indonesia. Work (Reading, Mass.) 2025. link 32 Omori M, Nagata T, Odagami K, Adi NP, Mori K. Association Between Workplace Social Capital and Occupational Injuries and Illnesses: A 1-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2025. link 33 Meyer C, Chiapponi C, von Kaufmann F, Kanz KG, Hinzmann D. Occupational stress profiles of prehospital and clinical staff in emergency medicine-a cross-sectional baseline study. Frontiers in public health 2024. link 34 Yang R, Zhang M, Zhang Y. A system dynamics model based on ISM for risk perception in emergency by employees in chemical industrial parks. Scientific reports 2024. link 35 Baldassarre A, Padovan M. Regulatory and Ethical Considerations on Artificial Intelligence for Occupational Medicine. La Medicina del lavoro 2024. link 36 Sehsah R, El-Gilany AH, El-Hadidy SS. Physicians' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Occupational Diseases Diagnosis and Occupational History Taking. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2024. link 37 Hagenaar PR, van Rhenen W, Braam AW, van Tuin L. How occupational physicians pay attention to the values of employees: a qualitative study. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being 2024. link 38 Sakai K, Nagata T, Mori T, Inoue S, Fujiwara H, Odagami K et al.. Research topics in occupational medicine, 1990-2022: A text-mining-applied bibliometric study. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health 2024. link 39 Stave GM, Burton WN, Heron RJL, Baase C, Thirumalai R. Occupational Medicine Physicians Transition to Retirement: An International Survey of Plans, Preparation, and Interests. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2024. link 40 Furlan AD, Severin C, Harbin S, Irvin E, Carnide N, Nowrouzi-Kia B et al.. ECHO OEM virtual community of learning for primary care. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 2024. link 41 Fazen LE, Martin BE, Isakari M, Kowalski-McGraw M, McLellan RK, Ahsan R et al.. Occupational Electronic Health Records: Recommendations for the Design and Implementation of Information Systems in Occupational and Environmental Medicine Practice-ACOEM Guidance Statement. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2024. link 42 Kekalih A, Adi NP, Soemarko DS. Preparation and Challenges in Developing a Big Data Analysis Framework in Occupational Medicine in Indonesia. Journal of UOEH 2024. link 43 Larrosa M, Bulat P, Majery N, Gehanno JF, Păuncu EA, Bastiaanssen M et al.. Undergraduate occupational medicine education in European Medical Schools: better training to meet today's challenges. BMC medical education 2024. link 44 Johnson F, Madan I, Pattani S, De Bono A, Boorman S, Goss C et al.. Assessing the profile and utility of diplomates in occupational medicine. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 2024. link 45 Ding R, Cheng H. Improving undergraduate education of occupational health and occupational medicine appling massive open online courses & problem-based learning. BMC medical education 2024. link 46 Pandalai SP. The OCCHLTH Mnemonic-Construction and Content of a Tool for Increasing Awareness of Occupational Illness and Injury. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2024. link 47 Powell MA, Walton AL, Scott SD. Depicting occupational trauma concepts impacting nurse well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being 2024. link 48 Ha J, Youn I, Han Y, Kim J, Kim S, Jin H et al.. Firefighters' medical use and Korean Medicine experience in Korea: A qualitative study protocol. PloS one 2024. link 49 Foreman AM, Friedel JE, Ezerins ME, Matthews R, Nicholson RE, Wellersdick L et al.. Establishment-level safety analytics: a scoping review. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE 2024. link 50 Knecht H, Balanay JAG, Langley R, Tutor Marcom R, Richards SL. Retrospective Risk Assessment of Injuries and Fatalities in the Forestry and Logging Workforce in the United States, 2003-2019. Journal of agromedicine 2024. link 51 Lange-Drenth L, Schulz H, Suck I, Bleich C. Barriers, Facilitators, and Requirements for a Telerehabilitation Aftercare Program for Patients After Occupational Injuries: Semistructured Interviews With Key Stakeholders. JMIR formative research 2024. link 52 Burdorf A, Rugulies R. Fifty years of research in the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health 2024. link 53 Hu J, Zhao F, Liu L, Huang H, Huang X. The meta-analysis of sister chromatid exchange as a biomarker in healthcare workers with occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. Medicine 2023. link 54 Mitura KM, Celiński D, Jastrzębski P, Leszczyński PK, Gałązkowski R, Szajda SD. Characteristics of Emergencies in the Workplace from the Perspective of the Emergency Medical Services: A 4-Year Case-Control Study. International journal of environmental research and public health 2023. link 55 Brans R, Schröder-Kraft C, Bauer A, Weisshaar E, Skudlik C, Geier J. Contact sensitizations in massage therapists with occupational contact dermatitis: Patch test data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, 2008-2020. Contact dermatitis 2023. link 56 Stave GM, Burton WN. The Role and Value of Corporate Medical Directors in Employer Benefits Management: Current Perceptions of Corporate Medical Directors and Benefits Professionals. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2023. link 57 Leso V, Coggiola M, Pira E, Pollone A, Simonini S, Talini D et al.. Health Promotion Interventions in Occupational Settings: Fact-finding Survey among Italian Occupational Physicians. La Medicina del lavoro 2023. link 58 Siegrist J, Bollmann U. Promoting good and sustainable work in occupational health education. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 2023. link 59 Dale JR. Causation in different scientific disciplines: A comparison of standards in occupational medicine and particle physics. Medycyna pracy 2023. link 60 La Torre G, Bova R, Cocchiara RA, Sestili C, Tagliaferri A, Maggiacomo S et al.. What Are the Determinants of the Quality of Systematic Reviews in the International Journals of Occupational Medicine? A Methodological Study Review of Published Literature. International journal of environmental research and public health 2023. link 61 Passaranon K, Chaiear N, Duangjumphol N, Siviroj P. Enterprise-Based Participatory Action Research in the Development of a Basic Occupational Health Service Model in Thailand. International journal of environmental research and public health 2023. link 62 Nikolić V, Taradi J, Vukić T, Pedović I. Occupational safety knowledge management in Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE 2023. link 63 Choi SB, Lee S, Lee W. Status and prediction of disapproval of the Korean workers' compensation insurance for diseases and injuries. Journal of occupational health 2023. link 64 Sears JM, Wickizer TM, Franklin GM, Fulton-Kehoe D, Hannon PA, Harris JR et al.. Development and maturation of the occupational health services research field in the United States over the past 25 years: Challenges and opportunities for the future. American journal of industrial medicine 2023. link 65 Wang CC, Lin GL, Lin YJ, Chen WL, Wu WT. Occupational health surveillance and detection of emerging occupational diseases among Taiwan farmers, through analysis of national-based farmers' and medico-administrative databases. American journal of industrial medicine 2023. link 66 Kyung M, Lee SJ, Dancu C, Hong O. Underreporting of workers' injuries or illnesses and contributing factors: a systematic review. BMC public health 2023. link 67 Fenwick R, Price R, Kershaw T, Boddy R, Chessum P. Advanced clinical practitioners' inter-shift need for recovery: a cross-sectional survey in emergency medicine. British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing) 2022. link 68 Darnall AR, Sall D, Bay C. Types and prevalence of adverse skin reactions associated with prolonged N95 and simple mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2022. link 69 Morrisby C, Young A. Development of skills and attitudes through telling life stories: Reflections on work integrated learning. Gerontology & geriatrics education 2022. link 70 Zheng S, Rivera Margarin A, Connaughton P, Spanjaard H, Crispen R, Ording J et al.. The Occupational Medicine Pipeline: Report on the Results of a Survey of International Occupational Medicine Society Collaborative (IOMSC) Member Countries. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2022. link 71 Krahl PL, Thomas RJ, Gaydos JC, Mallon TM. The Future of Military Occupational and Environmental Medicine in the Department of Defense. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2022. link 72 Iavicoli I, Spatari G, Chosewood LC, Schulte PA. Occupational Medicine and Total Worker Health®: from preventing health and safety risks in the workplace to promoting health for the total well-being of the worker. La Medicina del lavoro 2022. link 73 Spilchuk V, House R, Nisenbaum R, Holness DL. Evaluation of an occupational medicine patient consultation note assessment tool. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 2022. link 74 Iguacel I, Abecia B, Bernal JL, Martínez-Jarreta B. Changing Attitudes towards Occupational Medicine with Blended Learning Methods Is Possible among Medical Students in Spain: A Longitudinal Study. International journal of environmental research and public health 2022. link 75 Krahl PL, Mirza RA, Rice WA. The Capability Gap in Occupational Health Information Management. Military medicine 2022. link 76 Raymond B. Recordkeeping Error or Strategic Seasonal Substitution?: The Seasonality of Occupational Injuries in SOII and MarketScan. 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The Nurse practitioner 2021. link 82 Afshari A, Borzou SR, Shamsaei F, Mohammadi E, Tapak L. Perceived occupational stressors among emergency medical service providers: a qualitative study. BMC emergency medicine 2021. link 83 Žaja R, Brborović H, Oroz D, Zahariev Vukšinić K, Bubaš M, Božić T et al.. Knowledge of and attitudes to occupational and sports medicine among medical students in Zagreb, Croatia. Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju 2021. link 84 Hartenbaum NP, Baker BA, Levin JL, Saito K, Sayeed Y, Green-McKenzie J. ACOEM OEM Core Competencies: 2021. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2021. link 85 Hannu T, Kritzinger K. MORBI ARTIFICUM – A POST-RAMAZZINIAN ACADEMIC DISSERTATION ON OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES BY A PUPIL OF CARL VON LINNÉ. Acta medico-historica adriatica : AMHA 2021. link 86 Green-McKenzie J, Savul S. Outcomes of an Intervention to Increase Physicians Underrepresented in Medicine in Occupational Medicine Training. 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    Original source

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      Satisfaction Survey of Occupational Medicine Residents During an External Rotation in the Medical Services of a Multinational Banking Company in Madrid, Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.Reinoso-Barbero L, Fernández Álvarez-Rementeria A, Castillo-Sabogal AC, Muñoz-Dueñas P, Gómez-Paredes L, Pérez-Herreras C et al. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine (2026)
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      Early Occupational Health and Safety Interventions for Small Businesses: An Environmental Scan.Van Eerd D, Robson L, Yanar B, Irvin E, Le Pouésard M, Rafiqzad H American journal of industrial medicine (2026)
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      Occupational burnout among obstetrics and gynaecology residents: a systematic review.Szcześniewska S, Zaręba K, Zgliczyński WS, Ciebiera M, Feduniw S Frontiers in public health (2025)
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      Occupational burnout among interventional radiologists - prevalence, risk factors and interventions.Ziomek MJ, Gaweł B, Sawczuk H, Kukuła P, Marschollek J, Fidorowicz D et al. Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego (2025)
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      Supervision and occupational burnout among Polish speech therapists.Hartmann KK, Solak AM, Średniawa MM, Michalik M Scientific reports (2025)
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      Occupational Medicine considerations during medical assessments for fitness to dive and for compressed air work.Meintjes WAJ Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc (2025)
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      The Imperative to Incorporate Climate Change Competencies into Occupational and Environmental Medicine Training to Safeguard Worker Health.Khan A, Berenji M, Cloeren M, Goldman R, Wheat S, Ogunseitan O et al. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine (2025)
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