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Otolaryngology (ENT)10 papers

Chronic bacterial otitis externa

Last edited: 4/14/2026

Overview

Chronic bacterial otitis externa (CBOE) is a persistent infection of the external auditory canal caused by bacteria, often complicating acute otitis externa and leading to symptoms such as ear pain, discharge, and hearing impairment 6.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical presentation includes persistent otorrhea, otalgia, and conductive hearing loss 6.
  • Microbiological culture and sensitivity testing is essential for identifying the causative organism and guiding antibiotic therapy 6.
  • Imaging (e.g., CT or MRI) may be considered in cases of suspected complications or refractory disease 6.
  • Management

  • First-line treatment: Topical antibiotics such as quinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) or aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin) 6.
  • Adjunctive measures: Cerumen removal, topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and ensuring proper ear canal drying 6.
  • Systemic antibiotics: Considered in severe cases or when topical therapy fails, often including flouroquinolones or macrolides 6.
  • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Careful selection of topical agents to avoid systemic absorption and potential toxicity; close monitoring for adherence and efficacy 6.
  • Elderly: Increased risk of complications; thorough evaluation for underlying comorbidities and careful management to avoid systemic side effects 6.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Utilize microbiological culture and sensitivity testing to tailor antibiotic therapy (Evidence: Moderate 6).
  • Initiate treatment with topical antibiotics, considering quinolones or aminoglycosides, and incorporate corticosteroids for inflammation (Evidence: Moderate 6).
  • Transition to systemic antibiotics if topical management fails, selecting agents based on sensitivity results (Evidence: Moderate 6).
  • Pay special attention to patient adherence and potential complications in pediatric and elderly populations (Evidence: Expert opinion 6).
  • References

    1 Esce A, Bolton J, Kraai T. Implementing a formal curriculum on surgical ethics and palliative care for otolaryngology residents. American journal of otolaryngology 2024. link 2 Giliberto JP, Ator G, Carroll TL, Chan T, Vahabzadeh-Hagh A. National Trends in Daily Ambulatory Electronic Health Record Use by Otolaryngologists. The Laryngoscope 2021. link 3 Harrill PA, Melon DE, Seshul MJ, Zanation A. Perceptions of Electronic Health Records Within Otolaryngology Residents Compared to Practicing Otolaryngologists. The Laryngoscope 2018. link 4 Dugan JW, Weatherly RA, Girod DA, Barber CE, Tsue TT. A longitudinal study of emotional intelligence training for otolaryngology residents and faculty. JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery 2014. link 5 Sun GH, Davis MM. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: impact on otolaryngology practice and research. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2012. link 6 Chernobilsky B, Boruk M. Electronic medical records for otolaryngology office-based practice. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery 2008. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Implementing a formal curriculum on surgical ethics and palliative care for otolaryngology residents.Esce A, Bolton J, Kraai T American journal of otolaryngology (2024)
    2. [2]
      National Trends in Daily Ambulatory Electronic Health Record Use by Otolaryngologists.Giliberto JP, Ator G, Carroll TL, Chan T, Vahabzadeh-Hagh A The Laryngoscope (2021)
    3. [3]
    4. [4]
      A longitudinal study of emotional intelligence training for otolaryngology residents and faculty.Dugan JW, Weatherly RA, Girod DA, Barber CE, Tsue TT JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery (2014)
    5. [5]
      The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: impact on otolaryngology practice and research.Sun GH, Davis MM Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (2012)
    6. [6]
      Electronic medical records for otolaryngology office-based practice.Chernobilsky B, Boruk M Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery (2008)

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