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Pulmonary lipid storage disease

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Pulmonary lipid storage disease encompasses rare disorders characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation, often manifesting as muscle weakness and elevated creatine kinase levels. Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), a subtype, can be acquired, particularly with sertraline use, leading to respiratory chain inhibition and lipid storage myopathy 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Proximal muscle weakness, elevated creatine kinase levels 12.
  • Biochemical Markers: Elevated medium-chain and long-chain acylcarnitine species in plasma acylcarnitine profile 2.
  • Muscle Biopsy: Cytoplasmic vacuoles stained with oil red O indicating lipid storage 2.
  • Specific Tests: Muscle biopsy, serum creatine kinase, plasma acylcarnitine profile 12.
  • Management

  • First-Line Treatment: High-dose riboflavin supplementation 12.
  • Adjunctive Measures: Discontinuation of causative agents like sertraline, if applicable 1.
  • Special Populations

  • Elderly: MADD should be considered in elderly patients presenting with subacute muscle weakness 2.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Initiate high-dose riboflavin supplementation for acquired MADD, particularly in sertraline-associated cases, leading to clinical recovery 1 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Consider MADD in differential diagnosis for elderly patients with unexplained muscle weakness and mildly elevated CK levels 2 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • Evaluate and discontinue potential causative medications (e.g., sertraline) alongside riboflavin therapy 1 (Evidence: Expert opinion).
  • References

    1 Shaibani A, Taylor A. Sertraline-Associated Riboflavin-Responsive Lipid Storage Myopathy: Report of Two Case. Muscle & nerve 2026. link 2 Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Wang Z, Yuan Y. Late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency mimicking myositis in an elderly patient: a case report. BMC neurology 2020. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
    2. [2]

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