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Radiology421 papers

Thorium pneumoconiosis

Last edited: 4/14/2026

Overview

Thorium pneumoconiosis, also known as thoronosis, is a respiratory condition caused by inhalation of thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) or thorium compounds, leading to chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs. 18

Diagnosis

  • Exposure History: Detailed occupational or environmental exposure to thorium compounds. 18
  • Imaging: Chest X-rays and CT scans often reveal characteristic nodular opacities, pleural thickening, and interstitial fibrosis. 18
  • Pulmonary Function Tests: Show restrictive or mixed ventilatory defects. 18
  • Biopsy: Histopathological examination may confirm the presence of granulomas and fibrosis specific to thorium exposure. 18

    • Management

  • Supportive Care: Oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and management of respiratory infections. 18
  • Anti-inflammatory Agents: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids for symptomatic relief and inflammation control. 18
  • Monitoring: Regular follow-up with imaging and pulmonary function tests to monitor disease progression. 18

    • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Limited data; close monitoring of respiratory function and potential complications is advised. 18
  • Pediatrics: Exposure in children can lead to severe long-term respiratory issues; early intervention and monitoring are crucial. 18
  • Elderly: Increased susceptibility to respiratory complications; tailored supportive care is essential. 18

    • Key Recommendations

  • Conduct thorough occupational and environmental exposure history to confirm thorium exposure. (Evidence: Expert opinion) 18
  • Utilize chest imaging (X-ray, CT) for initial diagnosis and monitor disease progression with serial imaging. (Evidence: Expert opinion) 18
  • Implement supportive care measures including pulmonary rehabilitation and symptomatic treatment with corticosteroids as needed. (Evidence: Expert opinion) 18

    • References

    1 Malhotra A, Futela D, Joshi R, Payabvash S, White B, Seidenwurm D et al.. Recent Trends in Academic Versus Nonacademic Radiologist Compensation and Clinical Productivity. Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR 2025. link 2 Oura T, Tatekawa H, Horiuchi D, Matsushita S, Takita H, Atsukawa N et al.. Diagnostic accuracy of vision-language models on Japanese diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine, and interventional radiology specialty board examinations. Japanese journal of radiology 2024. link 3 Boeken T, Feydy J, Lecler A, Soyer P, Feydy A, Barat M et al.. Artificial intelligence in diagnostic and interventional radiology: Where are we now?. Diagnostic and interventional imaging 2023. link 4 Hayter CL, Ayesa SL. Female representation in radiology subspecialty interest groups in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology 2023. link 5 Neri E, Aghakhanyan G, Zerunian M, Gandolfo N, Grassi R, Miele V et al.. Explainable AI in radiology: a white paper of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology. La Radiologia medica 2023. link 6 Karantanas AH, Efremidis S. The concept of the invisible radiologist in the era of artificial intelligence. European journal of radiology 2022. link 7 Conley H, Lostis E, MacCormick A, Jenkins P, Gafoor N. Gender representation within radiology conferences in the UK in 2021. Clinical radiology 2022. link 8 Bluth EI, Frush DP, Oates ME, LaBerge J, Pan HY, Newhauser WD et al.. Medical workforce in the United States. Journal of applied clinical medical physics 2022. link 9 Sheikh S, Patel MV, Song Y, Navuluri R, Zangan S, Ahmed O. Social Media Growth at Annual Medical Society Meetings: A Comparative Analysis of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology to Other Medical Specialties. Current problems in diagnostic radiology 2021. link 10 Rostampour S, Hamady MS, Alsafi A. To Tweet or Not to Tweet? A Look at Radiology Societies' Use of Twitter. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2020. link 11 Bernard C, Pommier R, Vilgrain V, Ronot M. Gender gap in articles published in European Radiology and CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology: evolution between 2002 and 2016. European radiology 2020. link 12 Pesapane F, Tantrige P, Patella F, Biondetti P, Nicosia L, Ianniello A et al.. Myths and facts about artificial intelligence: why machine- and deep-learning will not replace interventional radiologists. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 2020. link 13 Jutras M, Khosa F. The Physician Payment Sunshine Act: Evaluating Industrial Payments in Radiology. Academic radiology 2019. link 14 Kallianos KG, Webb EM, Conrad M, Ahearn B, Naeger DM. Interest in Interventional Radiology at Different Stages of Training: Possible Implications for the New Integrated Interventional Radiology Residency. Current problems in diagnostic radiology 2018. link 15 Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Khan MS, Ram R, Sarma HD, Dash A. An electrochemical approach for removal of radionuclidic contaminants of Eu from . Nuclear medicine and biology 2018. link 16 Taylor GA. Academic pediatric radiology in 2010: challenges and opportunities. Pediatric radiology 2010. link 17 Sunshine JH, Lewis RS, Bhargavan M. A portrait of interventional radiologists in the United States. AJR. American journal of roentgenology 2005. link 18 Baerlocher MO, Asch MR. The future of radiology research. Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes 2004. link 19 Reiner BI, Siegel EL, Siddiqui K. Evolution of the digital revolution: a radiologist perspective. Journal of digital imaging 2003. link 20 Covey AM, Sunshine J, Forman HP. Changes in the job market for interventional radiology as detected through a help-wanted index of job advertisements. Academic radiology 2001. link90171-0) 21 Margulis AR, Sunshine JH. Radiology at the turn of the millennium. Radiology 2000. link 22 Sunshine JH, Burkhardt JH. Radiology groups' workload in relative value units and factors affecting it. Radiology 2000. link 23 Straub WH, Wolfe H. Comparison of measured and perceived time values for radiologists' work: impact on relative value scales. Radiology 1990. link 24 Gurley LT. Jerman Memorial Lecture. Computer reconstruction of radiographic images. Radiologic technology 1980. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Recent Trends in Academic Versus Nonacademic Radiologist Compensation and Clinical Productivity. — Malhotra A, Futela D, Joshi R, Payabvash S, White B, Seidenwurm D et al. Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR (2025)
    2. [2]
      Diagnostic accuracy of vision-language models on Japanese diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine, and interventional radiology specialty board examinations. — Oura T, Tatekawa H, Horiuchi D, Matsushita S, Takita H, Atsukawa N et al. Japanese journal of radiology (2024)
    3. [3]
      Artificial intelligence in diagnostic and interventional radiology: Where are we now? — Boeken T, Feydy J, Lecler A, Soyer P, Feydy A, Barat M et al. Diagnostic and interventional imaging (2023)
    4. [4]
      Female representation in radiology subspecialty interest groups in Australia and New Zealand. — Hayter CL, Ayesa SL Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology (2023)
    5. [5]
      Explainable AI in radiology: a white paper of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology. — Neri E, Aghakhanyan G, Zerunian M, Gandolfo N, Grassi R, Miele V et al. La Radiologia medica (2023)
    6. [6]
      The concept of the invisible radiologist in the era of artificial intelligence. — Karantanas AH, Efremidis S European journal of radiology (2022)
    7. [7]
      Gender representation within radiology conferences in the UK in 2021. — Conley H, Lostis E, MacCormick A, Jenkins P, Gafoor N Clinical radiology (2022)
    8. [8]
      Medical workforce in the United States. — Bluth EI, Frush DP, Oates ME, LaBerge J, Pan HY, Newhauser WD et al. Journal of applied clinical medical physics (2022)
    9. [9]
      Social Media Growth at Annual Medical Society Meetings: A Comparative Analysis of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology to Other Medical Specialties. — Sheikh S, Patel MV, Song Y, Navuluri R, Zangan S, Ahmed O Current problems in diagnostic radiology (2021)
    10. [10]
      To Tweet or Not to Tweet? A Look at Radiology Societies' Use of Twitter. — Rostampour S, Hamady MS, Alsafi A Cardiovascular and interventional radiology (2020)
    11. [11]
      Gender gap in articles published in European Radiology and CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology: evolution between 2002 and 2016. — Bernard C, Pommier R, Vilgrain V, Ronot M European radiology (2020)
    12. [12]
      Myths and facts about artificial intelligence: why machine- and deep-learning will not replace interventional radiologists. — Pesapane F, Tantrige P, Patella F, Biondetti P, Nicosia L, Ianniello A et al. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) (2020)
    13. [13]
      The Physician Payment Sunshine Act: Evaluating Industrial Payments in Radiology. — Jutras M, Khosa F Academic radiology (2019)
    14. [14]
      Interest in Interventional Radiology at Different Stages of Training: Possible Implications for the New Integrated Interventional Radiology Residency. — Kallianos KG, Webb EM, Conrad M, Ahearn B, Naeger DM Current problems in diagnostic radiology (2018)
    15. [15]
      An electrochemical approach for removal of radionuclidic contaminants of Eu from — Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Khan MS, Ram R, Sarma HD, Dash A Nuclear medicine and biology (2018)
    16. [16]
      Academic pediatric radiology in 2010: challenges and opportunities. — Taylor GA Pediatric radiology (2010)
    17. [17]
      A portrait of interventional radiologists in the United States. — Sunshine JH, Lewis RS, Bhargavan M AJR. American journal of roentgenology (2005)
    18. [18]
      The future of radiology research. — Baerlocher MO, Asch MR Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes (2004)
    19. [19]
      Evolution of the digital revolution: a radiologist perspective. — Reiner BI, Siegel EL, Siddiqui K Journal of digital imaging (2003)
    20. [20]
      Changes in the job market for interventional radiology as detected through a help-wanted index of job advertisements. — Covey AM, Sunshine J, Forman HP Academic radiology (2001)
    21. [21]
      Radiology at the turn of the millennium. — Margulis AR, Sunshine JH Radiology (2000)
    22. [22]
      Radiology groups' workload in relative value units and factors affecting it. — Sunshine JH, Burkhardt JH Radiology (2000)
    23. [23]
      Comparison of measured and perceived time values for radiologists' work: impact on relative value scales. — Straub WH, Wolfe H Radiology (1990)
    24. [24]
      Jerman Memorial Lecture. Computer reconstruction of radiographic images. — Gurley LT Radiologic technology (1980)
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